• Title/Summary/Keyword: Buy Order

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A Cooperation Mechanism among Seller Agents based on Exchanging Goods in Agent-mediated Electronic Commerce

  • Ito, Takayuki;Hattori, Hiromitsy;Shintani, Toramatsu
    • Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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    • 2001.01a
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2001
  • Agent-mediated electronic markets have been a grow-ing area of agent research and developmen tin recent year. There exist a lot of e-commerce sites on the In-ternet(e.g. Priceline, com, Amazon, com etc). These e-commerce site have proposed new business models for effective and efficient commerce activity. Intelli-gent agents have been studied very widely in the field of artificial intelligence, For purpose of this paper, an agent can act autonomously and collaboratively in a network environment on behalf of its users. It is hard for people to effectively and efficiently monitor, buy, and sell at multiple e-commerce sites. If we intro-duce agent technologies into e-commerce systems, we can expect to further enhance the intelligence of their support. In this paper, we propose a new coopera-tion mechanism among seller agents based on exchang-ing their goods in our agent-mediated electronic market system. G-Commerce. On G-Commerce, seller agents and buyer agents negotiate with each other. In our model, seller agents cooperatively negotiate in order to effectively sell goods in stock. Buyer agents coopera-tively form coalitions in order to buy goods based an discount proices. Seller agent's negotiation goods. Our current experiments show that exchanging mechanism enables seller agents to effectively sell goods in stock. Also, we present the Pareto optimality of our exchang-ing mechanism.

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The Necessity of Education of Veterinary Drug Formulary and Animal Pharmacy's Awareness For Pharmacists (약사의 동물약국 인지 및 동물용의약품에 대한 교육의 필요성)

  • Lee, Young Ah;Lim, Sung Cil
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2014
  • Pharmacists must be aware of veterinary drugs to prevent abuse and misuse of the drugs, and to ensure the safety of livestock under the veterinarian prescription system. In this study, the awareness of animal pharmacies was surveyed in order to find out the role of animal pharmacies and the necessity of veterinary drug education for pharmacists. Surveys were conducted by 187 animal owners and 115 community pharmacists. 80% of the animal owners had purchased drugs for their animals. 63% of respondents were not aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. The best selling drug class for animals was antiparasitic. The most common drug that respondents wanted to buy in animal pharmacies was also antiparasitic. About 80% of respondents answered affirmatively on the question of whether they would buy the drugs from animal pharmacies regardless of the location of the pharmacies. Most community pharmacists were aware of the existence of animal pharmacies. 70% of pharmacists had considered trading in veterinary drugs. 41% of respondents answered that they did not trade in them because they were not familiar with veterinary drugs. 80% of respondents answered that what they needed most was education in order to increase the number of animal pharmacies. Pharmacies for animal will expand the choice of animal owners, and enable pharmacists to improve their specialty as well as to diversify the pharmacy services. To achieve this, promotion of animal pharmacies and education about veterinary drugs for pharmacists would be needed in regular education system.

Optimization of Stock Trading System based on Multi-Agent Q-Learning Framework (다중 에이전트 Q-학습 구조에 기반한 주식 매매 시스템의 최적화)

  • Kim, Yu-Seop;Lee, Jae-Won;Lee, Jong-Woo
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.11B no.2
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents a reinforcement learning framework for stock trading systems. Trading system parameters are optimized by Q-learning algorithm and neural networks are adopted for value approximation. In this framework, cooperative multiple agents are used to efficiently integrate global trend prediction and local trading strategy for obtaining better trading performance. Agents Communicate With Others Sharing training episodes and learned policies, while keeping the overall scheme of conventional Q-learning. Experimental results on KOSPI 200 show that a trading system based on the proposed framework outperforms the market average and makes appreciable profits. Furthermore, in view of risk management, the system is superior to a system trained by supervised learning.

Factors Affecting Consumers' Acceptance of e-Commerce Consumer Credit Service: Multiple Group Path Analysis by Naver Shopping and Coupang (이커머스 후불결제(BNPL) 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인: 네이버쇼핑과 쿠팡 간 다중집단 비교)

  • Kim, Su Jin;Mo, Jeonghoon
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.105-135
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    • 2022
  • As COVID-19 has led to a surge in e-commerce Buy Now Pay Later(BNPL) has become preferred choice among millennials. In Korea Coupang followed by Naver Pay offers a deferred payment, aiming to create customer lock-in effect, save credit card processing fee and lay the groundwork for entering into new financial services. However the literature related to the influential factors of customers' usage intention toward a deferred payment is scarce. For the study, a multi-group analysis was carried out to find differences between Naver shopping and Coupang. The results revealed that the important factors that affect a deferred payment adoption were compatibility, impulsive buying tendency in Naver shopping, whereas compatibility, relative advantage, additional value in Coupang(listed in order of most important). In addition, impulsive buying tendency had a positive effect on adoption intention in Naver shopping and on perceived risk in Coupang. The results imply that Naver shopping need to focus on managing delinquency while Coupang should provide sufficient information on how late fees and credit rating downgrade work and try not to make a deferred payment option stand out. In order to increase adoption rate it is recommendable to narrow down target segment of a deferred payment and expand it to a specialized vertical such as travel.

The Effect of Raw Material Supply on the Relationship Pattern and Franchise Re-Contract Intention in Food-Service Franchise Enterprises (외식 프랜차이즈 기업에서 원자재 공급이 관계 규범과 가맹점의 재계약 의도에 미치는 영향)

  • An, Chi-Eon;Hwang, Choon-Ki
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.11 no.4 s.27
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    • pp.118-133
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    • 2005
  • In the management activities of head office in supporting franchisees in domestic food-service enterprises, the raw material supply plays a positive role to support franchisees' operation activity and it comes into conflict with them at the same time. In this paper, I have tried to find out the relationship between raw material supplying and the satisfaction of the franchisees by experimental research in order to research the route of head office's raw material supplying. To sum up the results, it was found out there is no meaningful relationship between the raw material supplying and the franchisees satisfaction (intention to renew the agreement), It indicates it would be more effective for the franchisees to buy the raw materials from the suppliers developed by the franchisees except some key materials in order to reduce the conflicts with the franchisees.

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Collaborative Agent Based Supply Chain Planning for Functional Product Markets (기능성 제품시장을 위한 협업 에이전트 기반 공급사슬계획)

  • Jung, Ho-Sang;Jeong, Bong-Ju;Lee, Chi-Guhn
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2006
  • We propose a new supply chain planning methodology for both a manufacturer and a distributor in order to find a global supply chain plan for functional product markets. Functional products as opposed to innovative products include the staples that people buy regularly from their nearby places to satisfy basic needs. In the functional product market, the distributor has an initiative of supply chain control and planning with a freedom to request any profit maximizing order quantities until the manufacturer refuses, whereas the manufacturer may not provide more than requested. In this paper, two independent agents on behalf of the manufacturer and the distributor are introduced, and supply chain planning can be conducted by collaboration between them. In addition, mathematical models and a numerical example are presented to show the possibility of the proposed methodology.

Early Warning System for Inventory Management using Prediction Model and EOQ Algorithm

  • Majapahit, Sali Alas;Hwang, Mintae
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 2021
  • An early warning system was developed to help identify stock status as early as possible. For performance to improve, there needs to be a feature to predict the amount of stock that must be provided and a feature to estimate when to buy goods. This research was conducted to improve the inventory early warning system and optimize the Reminder Block's performance in minimum stock settings. The models used in this study are the single exponential smoothing (SES) method for prediction and the economic order quantity (EOQ) model for determining the quantity. The research was conducted by analyzing the Reminder Block in the early warning system, identifying data needs, and implementing the SES and EOQ mathematical models into the Reminder Block. This research proposes a new Reminder Block that has been added to the SES and EOQ models. It is hoped that this study will help in obtaining accurate information about the time and quantity of repurchases for efficient inventory management.

The Mediating Role of Perceived Risk in the Relationships Between Enduring Product Involvement and Trust Expectation (지속적 제품관여도와 소비자 요구신뢰수준 간의 영향관계: 인지된 위험의 매개 역할에 대한 실증분석을 중심으로)

  • Hong, Ilyoo B.;Kim, Taeha;Cha, Hoon S.
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.103-128
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    • 2013
  • When a consumer needs a product or service and multiple sellers are available online, the process of selecting a seller to buy online from is complex since the process involves many behavioral dimensions that have to be taken into account. As a part of this selection process, consumers may set minimum trust expectation that can be used to screen out less trustworthy sellers. In the previous research, the level of consumers' trust expectation has been anchored on two important factors: product involvement and perceived risk. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a consumer perceives a specific product important. Thus, the higher product involvement may result in the higher trust expectation in sellers. On the other hand, other related studies found that when consumers perceived a higher level of risk (e.g., credit card fraud risk), they set higher trust expectation as well. While abundant research exists addressing the relationship between product involvement and perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the integrative view of the link between the two constructs and their impacts on the trust expectation. The present paper is a step toward filling this research gap. The purpose of this paper is to understand the process by which a consumer chooses an online merchant by examining the relationships among product involvement, perceived risk, trust expectation, and intention to buy from an e-tailer. We specifically focus on the mediating role of perceived risk in the relationships between enduring product involvement and the trust expectation. That is, we question whether product involvement affects the trust expectation directly without mediation or indirectly mediated by perceived risk. The research model with four hypotheses was initially tested using data gathered from 635 respondents through an online survey method. The structural equation modeling technique with partial least square was used to validate the instrument and the proposed model. The results showed that three out of the four hypotheses formulated were supported. First, we found that the intention to buy from a digital storefront is positively and significantly influenced by the trust expectation, providing support for H4 (trust expectation ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intention). Second, perceived risk was found to be a strong predictor of trust expectation, supporting H2 as well (perceived risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust expectation). Third, we did not find any evidence of direct influence of product involvement, which caused H3 to be rejected (product involvement ${\rightarrow}$ trust expectation). Finally, we found significant positive relationship between product involvement and perceived risk (H1: product involvement ${\rightarrow}$ perceived risk), which suggests that the possibility of complete mediation of perceived risk in the relationship between enduring product involvement and the trust expectation. As a result, we conducted an additional test for the mediation effect by comparing the original model with the revised model without the mediator variable of perceived risk. Indeed, we found that there exists a strong influence of product involvement on the trust expectation (by intentionally eliminating the variable of perceived risk) that was suppressed (i.e., mediated) by the perceived risk in the original model. The Sobel test statistically confirmed the complete mediation effect. Results of this study offer the following key findings. First, enduring product involvement is positively related to perceived risk, implying that the higher a consumer is enduringly involved with a given product, the greater risk he or she is likely to perceive with regards to the online purchase of the product. Second, perceived risk is positively related to trust expectation. A consumer with great risk perceptions concerning the online purchase is likely to buy from a highly trustworthy online merchant, thereby mitigating potential risks. Finally, product involvement was found to have no direct influence on trust expectation, but the relationship between the two constructs was indirect and mediated by the perceived risk. This is perhaps an important theoretical integration of two separate streams of literature on product involvement and perceived risk. The present research also provides useful implications for practitioners as well as academicians. First, one implication for practicing managers in online retail stores is that they should invest in reducing the perceived risk of consumers in order to lower down the trust expectation and thus increasing the consumer's intention to purchase products or services. Second, an academic implication is that perceived risk mediates the relationship between enduring product involvement and trust expectation. Further research is needed to elaborate the theoretical relationships among the constructs under consideration.

The Consumers' Consciousness toward the Import Liberalization of Agricultural Products - A peculiar case study about Consumers in Taegu.Kyungpook Area - (농산물(農産物) 수입개방(輸入開放)과 소비자(消費者) 의식(意識) - 大邱(대구).경북지역(慶北地域) 소비자(消費者)들에 대한 사례조사(事例調査)를 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Lee, Ho Chol;Yu, Byung Gyu;Kim, Doo Han
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.9
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    • pp.71-86
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    • 1991
  • This study has tried to illuminate a shocking phenomenon, the import liberalization of agricultural products in the aspect of Consumer consciousness. It has been applied that Table Analysis by using computer programming for instance-MINITAB, and Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis, things like that. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Comparing domestic and imported stuffs, Comsumers came to awareness that domestic products superior to foreign's in the cases of the degree of freshness, taste and pollution damage, in the meanwhile, inferior to the cases of price and wrapping. Food self-supplyment is considered as one of the most important things of all, moreover, by most comsumers and health food and conventional food are favored by high class people. 2. Bying imported stuffs could clearly be fatal blow to our agriculture is fully recognized among consumers, what is more, there would only be doomed to our agriculture, too. 3. The most mass-purchasing imported stuffs by consumers illustrates in order; Beef, Banana, Coffee and Tabacco etc. The most significant elements why consumers buy foreign product is that the prices of them are relatively lower than those of ours. Besides, the next causes lies to non-producing stuffs and curiosity. 4. It must've been generally conceived by most consumers that Open-the-market-policy has been progressed for USA's repression and our monopolistic capital. Therefore, they demand that our market should be contained against unadviciable wave, moreover, keep paying attention to the policy how it will work to protect Korean agriculture. 5. Consumer attitude toward buying imported agricultural products is double-faced, Never-buy occupied only 24.4 % among respondents, but overwhelming respondents say non-producing stuffs can be obtained selectively. In this case, however, never-buy-movement would be backed by consumers in proportion to their educational background. 6. Various consumer minds surrounding Open-the-market-situation, in the end, has been analized econometrics through eleven variables to approach accurate fulfillments.

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Consumers' purchasing behavior and preference for small packaged apple (포장사과 구입실태 및 선호 분석)

  • Cho, Jae-Hwan;Lee, Han-Sung;Lee, Sang-Hak;Kim, Tae-Kyun;Hong, Na-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2012
  • This paper analyzes the consumers' preference for packaged apple and derives the measures to vitalize the distribution of packaged apple. To do this, survey was conducted for consumers in large cities, Seoul, Busan, and Daegu to observe their purchasing behavior and satisfaction both for packaged and unpackaged apple. Survey was focused to how they are satisfied with several attributes of package such as size, appearance, content, material, and label. On the basis of the survey results, the values of the package attributes were estimated. Survey results show that consumers tend to buy unpackaged apple rather than packaged apple. About 34 percent out of 313 respondents have ever purchased apple packed with paper box while only 10.5 percent have an experience to buy packaged apple with transparent box. Most respondents answered they preferred the package of five to six apples and 1.3 kilograms most. They preferred mid or large size apple. Estimation of the values of the package attributes using the conjoint analysis shows that consumers are giving the highest value to the price of packing material. It means that consumers are reluctant to the extra payment resulted from packing the apple. Therefore, the efforts to reduce the cost of packing apple should be made steadily. In order to vitalize the distribution of small packaged apple, the package should contain high quality apple with high sugar content, proper size, good appearance, and so on. And it needs to be promoted to the consumers that small packaged apple are not inferior to apple packed with paper box.