• 생약학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1971

The histological structures of Buxus koreana were studied by cross section and compared with those of Buxus koreana var. elongata, B. koreana var. insularis, B. microphylla subsp. sinica (Taiwan) and B. liukiuensis(Okinawa). Many different points showed that B. koreana var. insularis is similar to B. microphylla subsp. sinica while B. koreana to B. liukiuensis. The extracts of Buxus koreana by three solvents are as follows: ether ext. 3.34%, dilute alcohol ext. 16.98%, water ext. 11.67%. The total alkaloid of Buxus koreana is approximately 0.01%. The general pharmacological effects of dilute alcohol ext. of Buxus koreana were studied and the following conclusions were obtained. Contraction of excised uterus of rabbit was augmented by treatment of dilute alcohol ext. Motility of excised intestine of rabbit was stopped for a moment and stimulated at once by treatment of dilute alcohol ext.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

The single dose toxicity of Buxus microphylla var koreana Nakai was evaluated in ICR mice. Twenty five mice of each sex were randomly assigned to five groups of 5 mice each and were administered singly by gavage at dose of 0, 222, 667, 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. After single administration, signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 6 hours and every day for 14 days. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed for gross postmortem examinations. Neither significant toxic signs nor death was observed during the observation period. In addition, no pathological changes were noticed in macroscopic examination at necropsy. These results indicate that the single oral administration of Buxus microphylla var. Koreana Nakai did not cause any toxic effect at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight for both sexes and $LD_{50}$ of Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai is greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1983

Buxus leaves(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai) have been used as a folk medicine in treating woman's disease. The chemical constituents, which have teen identified from Buxus sempervirens L. in Europe, are so far known in isolation of buxus alkaloids, cyclobuxine, buxamine, norbuxamine and buxaminol. But But any study on the pharmacological action of Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai has not yet teen rallied out, however, active substances have not been identified. As an attempt to isolate the biologically active substances from this plant, the examination of chemical constituents was undertaken. In the experiment, the crystalline component$(C_{10}H_8O_4)$ obtained from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai was identified as a 6-methoxy, 7-hydroxy coumarin by chemical and physical methods. We named this crystal buxuletin. Therefore, we intended to screen the pharmacological action of buxuletin, especially, its diuretic effects in rabbits. Buxuletin was intraveneously injected to the rabbit in the dose of 20 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. The variations of urine volume and minerals $(Na^+,\;K^+\;and\;Cl^-)$ in urine were measured at an interval of 15 minutes for 4 hours after the treatment of buxuletin. The observed results are as follows: 1) With the administration of buxuletin (20 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg), the remarkable increment of the excreted urine volume was observed during the relatively long period. Excretion rates of urinary minerals $(Na^+,\;K^+\;and\;Cl^-)$ were also increased. 2) In a dose of 5 mg/kg, the slight increment on the diuretic actions of rabbits was observed. From the above results, authors name this crystal buxuletin and buxuletin shows the diuretic action.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.46-57
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare physiological characteristics of winter green cultivar (Buxus microphylla van. koreana 'Hanlim') with those of native cultuvar and clucidate the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai). The results are summarized as followed; The 'Hanlim' cultivar had higher contents of chlorophyll as compared with native cultivar from September, 1989 to March, 1990. However, at April, 1990, native cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents. In the rate of photosynthesis, 'Hanlim' cultivar was higher than native cultivar from September to December, 1989, but showed the opposite trend from March to April, 1990. As to the period of browning, 'Hanlim'cultivar had stayed green even after November 22, 1989, while the foliage of native cultivar turned yellowish brown color through the winter. The contents of nitrogen and potassium of 'Hanlim' cultivar werehigher than those of the native cultivar. However native cultivar had higher rate of phosphorus, magnessium, and calcium. In the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai), chlorophyll contents were increased with shading and leaves grown 70% shading had twice as much as those of full sunlight, fertilized plot. Nutrient fertilization increased chlorophyll contents and values of color in boxwood too. In the shading times, early shading time maintained effectively green color of boxwood in winter. Therefore, in case of native cultivars, it has planted at full sunlight area until now and color of leaves turned yellowish brown color through the witner. However, it will maintain green color of leaves by planting at shade area. In addition to, as 'Hanlim' cultivar had benefits of maintain green color of leaves during winter, it will be planted at full sunlight area to landscape plants.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1965

It has already been noted that some tree species, denoted as tolerant species, endure to behavior shadiness in growth than those species, denoted as intolerant species, since this fact of tolerance must be involved in silvicultural practice, the present author, with pinus rigida, pinus Thunbergii, and Buxus koreana, investigated the relation of degree of shadiness to soil moisture condition. Because tolerant and intolerant trees must be considered from the standpoint of their ability to use any of the factors that are likely to be at low concentration in the dense or open forest. The observed results may be summarized as follows : 1. The ability of tolerance of the species to shadiness is differently concluded by the base with which the analysis was made, i.c. Height, growth, diameter growth, T-R ratio or dry matter increase and so on. Regarding this point root collar increment or dry matter increase were considered more reasonable bases for discussing the tolerability. 2. When total length growth, including both stem and root, is taken as standard for the comparison of the ability of tolerance for each species, higher soil moisture condition and thicker shadeniss lessened the ability of pinus rigida, seedlings. Pinus Thunbergii, showed. However more moisture resistant than pinus rigida. Buxus koreana, seemed to have stronger ability of tolerance than any others. 3. When total dry matter content taken as standard, the results obtained are given in Fig, 3. In pinus rigida, the soil moisture supplemented the lack of light.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2020

본 연구는 회양목의 부위별 성분과 효능평가를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 열매를 70% 에탄올로 추출하여 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량을 분석하였으며 항염, 보습 및 주름에 대한 효능을 확인하였다. 회양목의 부위별 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 열매 추출물에서 각각 77.32, 51.91 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. NO 생성 억제 효과를 확인한 결과, 뿌리 추출물에서 29.6%의 저해 효과를 나타냈으며, iNOS는 LPS 처리군과 비교하였을 때 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. MMP1의 mRNA 발현 수준을 확인한 결과, 뿌리와 줄기에서 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 회양목에 대한 효능평가를 통해 화장품 소재로서 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Objectives: Buxus Microphylla var. Koreana Nakai Extract (BMKNE) is used as a folk remedy for malaria and veneral disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BMKNE in the growth and the survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of BMKNE. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial depolarization were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occured by apoptosis. Also, to identify the role of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels in AGS cell growth and survival, we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressed with TRPM7 channels. Results: Experimental results showed that the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial depolarization were increased. Therefore, BMKNE was found to induce the apoptosis of these cells, and this apoptosis was inhibited by SB203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor), and by a c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) II inhibitor. Furthermore, BMKNE inhibited TRPM7 currents and TRPM7 channel over-expressions in HEK 293 cells, exacerbating BMKNE-induced cell death. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BMKNE inhibits the growth and the survival of gastric cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel's activity and MAPK signaling. Therefore, BMKNE is a potential drug for treatment of gastric cancer, and both the TRPM7 channel and MAPK signaling may play an important role in survival in gastric cancer cells.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2016

본 연구는 도심 내에서 공원 및 가로수 주변에 식재된 대표적인 세 가지 상록 관목류인 사철나무(Euonymus japonica), 영산홍(Rhododendron indicum), 회양목(Buxus koreana) 등을 중심으로 겨울철 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$) 처리에 따른 생육 및 생리적 반응을 살펴봄으로써, 내염성 정도와 제설제 피해지역에 대한 내성수종을 선별하기 위한 자료로 제시하고자 한다. 염화칼슘을 각각 0%(대조구), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% 처리한 실험구에 2014년 11월에 정식한 후 이듬해 이른 봄인 2015년 3월에 수고, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 엽수, 생체중, 건조중, 건물률, R/T율, 엽록소함량, 엽록소형광반응, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등의 생육 및 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. 사철나무는 3.0% 이하, 영산홍과 회양목은 1.0% 이하의 처리구에서 생존이 가능하였으며, 사철나무가 영산홍과 회양목에 비해 생육적 감소율이 비교적 낮았다. 염화칼슘 처리농도가 높을수록 대조구에 비해 생리적 반응들이 감소되는 것은 동일하나, 영산홍과 회양목은 감소세가 비교적 뚜렷한 반면, 사철나무가 완만한 감소세를 보이고 있다. 특히, 처리농도가 높아짐에 따라 영산홍은 증산율을, 회양목은 광합성율과 기공전도도를 억제시키는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 사철나무가 영산홍과 회양목에 비해 염해에 좀 덜 민감한 수종임을 알 수 있어 제설제 피해지역에 상록 관목류로 적용이 가능할 것으로 본다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

서울시 관악산 생태경관보전지역의 식물군락구조를 분석하고, 지정사유인 회양목 분포지를 대상으로 지형특성과 토양특성 분석을 통해 이 지역 회양목 분포의 특성을 밝히고자 $100m^2$ 조사구 22개를 설치하여 조사를 실시하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 Classification 분석 결과 리기다소나무군락(I), 리기다소나무-회양목군락(II), 신갈나무군락(III), 상수리나무-졸참나무군락(IV)으로 분리되었다. 회양목의 분포 특성을 분석한 결과 수분과 양분조건이 양호한 계곡부에 많이 분포하였으며, 토성분석 결과 점토 성분이 낮게 나타나 배수조건도 회양목 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경사가 급하고 암석 비율이 높은 지형에 입지하는 특징을 보였다. 토양분석 결과 회양목이 분포하는 토양의 평균 pH는 4.79로 회양목 분포하지 않는 식생의 평균 pH 4.41보다 높게 나타났으며, $Ca^{2+}$와 $Mg^{2+}$ 등 치환성양이온의 값은 우리나라 산림토양의 치환성양이온 함량에 비하여 매우 낮은 값을 보여 회양목이 척박한 토양에서도 잘 자라는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 1987

본 조사는 우리나라의 조경공사에 있어 조경수목의 사용실태를 조사분석하여 이의 생산 및 유동의 개성에 필요한 기초정보를 얻고저 수행하였다. 1983년 및 1984년의 2개년간 11개종합조경업체에 수주된 328개 조경공사에 사용된 조경수목의 사용실태를 조사분석하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 교목과 관목수종은 식재비율은 1:6이었고 상녹과 낙엽수종의 식재비율은 1:4였으며 사용빈도가 가장 높은 수종은 화양목, 향나무, 느티나무, 은단풍이었고 사용량이 가장많은 수종은 쥐똥나무, 개나미, 회양목, 산철쭉이었다. 2) 관목의 경우 쥐똥나무 개나미 및 회양목 3개수종의 사용량이 전체관목사용량의 $\frac{1}{2}$을 크게 상회하는 심한 편중도를 나타내었으나 교목에 있어서는 잣나무를 위시한 8개수종의 사용량이 전체교목사용량의 $\frac{1}{2}$를 점하였다. 3) 비고시수종에 비해 고시수종의 수는 $\frac{1}{4}$에 불과하였어나 고시수종의 사용한도는 비고시수종의 6배이며 고시품목의 사용량은 전체의 82.5%를 점하였고 고시품목사용율은 교목보다는 관목 그리고 낙엽보다는 상록수종에서 현저히 높았다. 4) 비고시규격품보다는 고시규격품의 사용량이 현저히 많았고 동일수고일 때 수관건 혹은 근원직경 또는 흉고식경이 큰 규격이 현저히 선호되는 경략이었는데 우리나라 규격은 일본규격에 비해 수고에 대한 수관건 혹은 근원직경 또는 흉고직경비율이 현저히 높았다.