• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2014

HACCP system application has been expanded to livestock products chain from farm to table in Korea. However, it requires flexible application with modified simple model in order to activate its application in small businesses such as butcher shop. We calculated non-compliance rates to identify weak points of prerequisite requirements and choosed main contents to be controlled as a simplified prerequisite program in butcher shops. The data used for the analysis of non-compliance rates were based on the HACCP accreditation evaluation inspection reports conducted by Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service. Among the existing 51 evaluation items, we suggested 28 items of prerequisite requirements for the butcher shops.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2012

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system application is expanded to food chain from farm to table to supply safe livestock products with consumers in Korea. The objectives of this study were to analyze the HACCP operating conditions in butcher shops and to suggest for better HACCP implementation. We analyzed the HACCP inspection reports for butcher shops implemented by the Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service from 2007 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2012 to compare the rate of HACCP non-compliances. The overall rate of non-compliances was higher in 2010~2012 than 2007~2009. The current inadequate HACCP operating level was directly related with the business size. Ninety-nine percent of the butcher shops were very small business with under 10 employees in Korea, and these small-sized businesses usually had great difficulties in implementing HACCP due to lack of technical expertise and financial resources. To overcome the obstacles and to facilitate more effective HACCP application and operation in butcher shops, government should play a leading role in developing flexible and simplified HACCP-based system which merges both the pre-requisite and HACCP principles.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination level of butcher's shops in Seoul, Korea. For microbial inspections, a total of 584 samples (146 cotton work gloves, 146 utensils and equipments, 154 beef samples, 138 pork samples) were collected from butcher's shops. E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7 were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of aerobic plate count (APC) ranged ${\leq}10^4\;CFU/cm^2$ from utensils and equipments, $10^1{\sim}10^9$ CFU/glove from cotton work gloves and ${\leq}10^6$ CFU/g from meat. The APC level of E. coli ranged ${\leq}10^1\;CFU/cm^2$ from utensils and equipments, ${\leq}10^5$ CFU/glove from cotton work gloves, and ${\leq}10^3$ CFU/g from meat, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 2 beef samples, 1 pork sample, and 10 used cotton work gloves. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected in 3 beef samples, 1 pork sample, and 3 used cotton work gloves. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 2 used cotton work gloves. In order to improve the sanitation status of butcher's shops, application of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) or SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure), regular hygiene education, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the microbial contamination level of meat processing in butcher's shops in Seoul from January to November in 2010. A total of 695 samples (112 cotton work gloves, 342 utensils and equipments, 241 meat samples) were collected and the environmental hygiene of 89 butcher's shops was investigated. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of count on APC ranged $0{\sim}2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils & equipments, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}2.7{\times}10^8$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}9.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g from the meat samples. The level of count on E. coli ranged $0{\sim}2.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils, $0{\sim}8.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $0{\sim}1.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/g from the meat samples, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were detected in 11 samples and 2 samples from the cotton work gloves, utensils & equipments, respectively. The sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) was applicated at 49 butcher's shops. In order to improve sanitation of meat in butcher's shops, in this study, applications of SSOP, systemic sanitation education for employees, hygenic control of utensils & equipments, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2014

The study investigated consumption patterns and inclination of consumers of Hanwoo meat being more expensive than imported meat and/or beef cattle meat based on the author's business experience at the shop in Budang Seongnam. The author who has managed shop firstly investigated customers' inclination and/or propensity. The author heard specific customer's story at neighboring shopping center, and each customer's buying method, occupation, financial power and apartment size and others, and forecast visiting customer's buying and demand upon part of the beef that customer asks for. The aut hor who sold out limited scope of beef product at limited area thought that he did narrow scope of business. The author would make effort to sell product enough to meet customer's taste by better quality product from point of view of customers. The author would make effort to supply good quality beef products to the customers who relied upon the author's butcher's.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.20.1-20.9
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• 2021

This study is to develop a new scoring system for rating Hazard analysis and critical control points prerequisite evaluation items for meat shops to provide a more objective and accurate evaluation of food safety compliance. The importance of each item was measured by looking at the hazard severity level and the rate of non-compliance associated with it. It was found that the new scoring system is more stringent and gives a clearer picture of compliance with the most critical safety standards, and therefore is expected to have a positive effect on the hygiene and safety of livestock products.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.322-331
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• 1998

Good temperature control in the chill chain is imperative for maintaining safety and quality of the fresh meat. Therefore, the actual state of temperature or relative humidity histories of fresh meat product from carcass chill room to retail shop and the temperatures of chill and freezing rooms at local butcher shops were monitored by means of data loggers. The relative humidity and air temperature in carcass chill room were between 86 and 98%, and -3 and 0$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The surface temperatures of boxed beef measured in winter, when the outside air temperature was measured between -2 and -5$^{\circ}C$, were recorded between 1 and 3$^{\circ}C$, although transport vehicle switched off the chilling unit during transportation, However, the inside temperatures of chill transport vehicle measured in summer, when the transport time was prolonged to maximum 8 hrs, were raised to 10 to 15$^{\circ}C$, in worst case up to 25$^{\circ}C$. In that case, however, the inside temperature of boxed beef was maintained generally lower than 5$^{circ}C$ as the loading and unloading were finished within 30 min. The storage temperatures for meat in the subfreezing room, at which the butcher shops in local market are used to set to facilitate the thin slicing of meat, were measured between -2 and -8$^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, the temperatures of storage room for vacuum packaged meat in the chilled meat retail shops were maintained generally between 0 and +2$^{\circ}C$.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2005

Here I describe a multiplex allele specific PCR-based approach for the rapid detection between Hanwoo and Holstein meat associated with Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene. Specific and universal oligonucleotide primers were used in combination to detect the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the bovine MC1R DNA sequence. The presence of the bovine MC1R gene is indicated by the production of a single control PCR product, whilst positive samples generate an alternative smaller specific product over the same region. The mutations in MC1R104 codon revealed depending on the presence or absence of an indicative fragment amplified from the wild-type allele of this codon. As little as 0.39 ng and 1.56 ng of genomic DNA of Hanwoo and Holstein could be detected by MAS-PCR assay, respectively. This technique, which is widely used in human genetic screening, provides a reliable and sensitive result that has not been documented for the identification of bovine coat color. The MAS-PCR assay approach was proven to be useful in complementing routine beef DNA analysis for differentiation of these MC1R variants and it would facilitate the screening of deceiving sales of Holstein meat in the butcher shop.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2014

The distribution channel of meat by-products from the pig farm to the final consumer can include a meat processor, wholesale market, wholesaler, retailer, and butcher shop. Bacterial contamination at any of these steps remains to be a serious public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution channel and microbial characteristics of pig by-products in Korea. Upon evaluation of pig by-products in cold storage, we found that the small and large intestine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pH value compared to the heart and liver. The total plate counts were not significantly different among offals until cold storage for 7 d. The coliform count after 1 d of cold storage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in small and large intestine than in the other organs. The coliform count of heart, liver, and stomach showed a higher coliform count than small and large intestine until 7 d of cold storage. As determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, contamination of major pig by-products with Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and other bacterial species occurred. Therefore, our results suggest that a more careful washing process is needed to maintain quality and hygiene and to ensure the safety of pig by-products, especially for small and large intestine.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 식육 유통의 최종 단계인 식육판매점 중, 일반정육점, 백화점 내의 정육점, 그리고 대형할인점에서 판매되는 쇠고기에 대한 미생물학적 오염도를 조사하였다. 업소별 일반세균수를 비교해 보면 정육점은 평균 $4.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, 백화점은 $3.9{\times}10^5$ CFU/g, 대형할인점 $1.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/g로 나타났으며, 대장균수는 정육점 $6.4{\times}10$ CFU/g, 백화점 7.6 CFU/g, 대형할인점 $2.0{\times}10$ CFU/g 수준이었다. 식중독균 중 Salmonella spp.는 모든 업소에서 검출되지 않았지만 S. aureus는 총 3건 (6.25%)으로, 정육점, 백화점, 대형마트에서 각각 1건씩 검출되었으며, L. monocytogenes는 백화점에서만 총 4건(8.3%)이 검출되었다. 이들 시료의 미생물 오염수준은 모두 100 CFU/g 이하로 조사되었다. 식육에서 분리된 S. aureus의 enterotoxin type은 sea, seh, sei, sep형으로 나타났다. L. monocytogenes가 검출된 4개의 시료에서 9주가 분리되었으며, 이들 균주의 혈청형은 모두 1/2c로 조사되었으며, 2개 업소에서 분리된 3주와 5주에 대한 균주간 유전학적 상동성은 57.8-98.1%와 68.1-98.1%로 각각 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과, 식육판매점에서 유통되는 쇠고기에서 일반세균수 및 대장균수가 기준치인 $1{\times}10^7$ CFU/g 및 $1{\times}10^3$ CFU/g 이하로 검출됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나, 식육에서 문제시되는 식중독 세균인 S. aureus 및 L. monocytogenes가 일부 식육판매점에서 검출된 바, 이와 같은 병원성 미생물의 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 칼과 도마 등의 이차오염 방지를 위한 작업환경 및 시설에 대한 세부적인 HACCP 관리기준 마련과 더불어 미생물에 대한 정기적인 검사가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.