• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

This study is the first to scrutinize how real effective exchange rate, together with the vehicle currency exchange rate, asymmetrically influences the total trade balance between ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and the EU (European Union). This research employs quarterly data between 2000Q1 and 2018Q1, which is derived from several sources. We introduce a method for constructing the double-aggregated real effective exchange rate between ASEAN and the EU that captures the roles of all their currencies. Moreover, we propose the formula to compute vehicle currency exchange rate to assess the importance of vehicle currency in ASEAN-EU trade. Additionally, as asymmetrical impacts of exchange rate on trade balance are well documented by current studies, we employ Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model of Shin et al. (2014) to analyze the impacts of currency depreciation as well as appreciation in detail. The findings confirm the prominence of USD as vehicle currency in ASEAN-EU trade. Both depreciation and appreciation of ASEAN's currencies against USD can foster ASEAN's trade balance in the long run. Short-run asymmetrical impacts as well as J-curve effect are found in the vehicle currency models only. The results are robust for the cases of EU-28 and EU-27.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2008

Typical activity-based travel analysis has been focused on passenger travel using household survey data. The current research focuses on freight transport using one-day travel survey data. Passenger travel can be seen as the outcome of traveller's subjective decision-making, whereas freight transport is the outcome of shipper or transport company's optimized scheduling. The research conducts an activity-based analysis of freight-vehicle trip chains. In particular, the research focuses on the difference in travel pattern between shipper-oriented private vehicle and transport company-oriented business vehicle. The research analyzed the travel diary of freight vehicles collected as part of the third national logistic survey in 2005. The diary is freight driver's one-day travel record including the information of loading capacity, item transported, destination, arrival time, etc. The analysis results show the difference between private and business vehicles in the travel pattern regarding the sequences of destination, destination type and item transported and the multi-dimensional information of the three sequences.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.303-309
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• 2020

A vehicle's differential gear is a device designed to allow the vehicle's outer wheels to turn faster than the inner wheels when turning on a curve. The differential gear case is the main component of the differential gear system, which is composed of ring gear, pinion gear and side gear, and is fastened by pinion shaft pins. The differential gear case rotates when the vehicle is running, so balancing calibration is very important. In this study, a balancing machine that can diagnose and correct the differential gear case and mass imbalance of various rotating bodies was designed. The differential gear case was rotated at high speed to accurately diagnose the location and value of the unbalanced mass, and it was designed to be balanced and corrected by removing the unbalanced mass by drilling. After calibration, it was confirmed that the unbalanced value of all the measured samples was reduced to less than 180g.mm, and the unbalance reduction ratio was improved to 60~70%.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2961-2964
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• 2011

Greenhouse gas and energy reduction goal management system is announced to reduce national CO2 emission in 2011. The target business sector of the system has to follow the procedure of the system and get the assessment. The percentage of the national CO2 reduction goad is 30 % compared to the amounts of BAU. In railway business sector, 6 bodies are included in this system so that railway industry cannot stay and sustain its better position any more than other transportation industry. Most of the industry except Railway industry is struggling to develop its product more environmentally friendly and get the 3rd party certification like Eco-labelling and Carbon footprint. To get environmental certification, LCA method has to be applied because life cycle approach is needed to respond current environmental requirement. The purpose of this project is to facilitate railway vehicle manufacturer obtaining the environmental certification termed Korea EPD. By doing so, the environmental performance evaluation tool would be developed and modelled within the LCA framework and therefore applied especially for rail vehicle.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.916-944
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• 2022

Artificial Intelligence has been a conceptual area for several decades. It has been studied extensively through experiments by the Information Systems community. When Information Systems supported with Information Technology became all pervasive in business and other allied areas, gradually the advancements in Artificial Intelligence also emerged as innovations across domains. Artificial Intelligence by definition is expected to substitute Human Intelligence, thereby making a huge space for innovation. In fact, all processes effected by human intelligence are liable to be replaced by AI which in itself is a massive innovation space. This paper will study the publication's repository (Scopus and Google Scholar from 1983 till 2021) in the area of Artificial Intelligence and innovation, then analyze the trend to gain insight into the evolution of AI as a vehicle for innovation.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Entrepreneurship development has increasingly become a global solution to address the problem of rising unemployment. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) have become important tools in improving the economic performance and social well-being of nations. When universities and industry work together to push the boundaries of knowledge, they become a powerful engine for innovation and economic growth. This paper is based on focus group interviews and discussions conducted with key players involved in the HIT-Sandown-UNDP Business Incubation Programme in Harare Zimbabwe. The business incubation project sought to support young Zimbabweans to transform their technical prototypes into commercially and socially viable ventures. As a result, a total of 10 prototypes were refined and investor ready business plans were developed for capital sourcing purposes. It was only through the coming together of the partners that real transformation of the lives of the participants was achieved through learning valuable business skills, coaching and mentoring. University-industry partnerships are a useful vehicle of setting up sustainable business incubation centres.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2007

This paper presents the quantitative evaluation of the fearfulness of the human driver in the case of the short range (time) on the highway. The driving situation is realized by using the driving simulator based on CAVE, which provides three-dimensional stereoscopic immersive visual information. The examinees' responses and personal information are categorized reasonably by applying the competitive learning algorithm. The characteristics of each group are analyzed. The following two situations are also compared: (1) the active approaching situation where the examinee drives the vehicle near the preceding vehicle, and (2) the passive approaching situation where the preceding vehicle nears the examinee's vehicle by gradually decelerating. The range time that the examinee feels fear in the active approaching case tends to be shorter than that in the passive approaching case.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This paper discusses the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem with pick-up and delivery (HFFVRPPD), for vehicles with different capacities, fixed costs, and travel costs. Research Design, data, methodology - This paper made nine assumptions for establishing a mathematical model to describe HFFVRPPD. It established a practical mathematical model, and because of the non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard), improved the traditional simulated annealing algorithm and tested a new algorithm using a certain scale model. Result - We calculated the minimum cost of the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem (HFFVRP) with a single task and, on comparing the results with the actual HFFVRP for the single task alone, observed that the total cost of HFFVRPPD reduced significantly by 46.7%. The results showed that the new algorithm provides better solutions and stability. Conclusions - This paper, by comparing the HFFVRP and HFFVRPPD results, highlights certain advantages of using HFFVRPPD in physical distribution enterprises, such as saving distribution vehicles, reducing logistics cost, and raising economic benefits.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

In this research, emergency vehicle dispatching problems faced with in the wake of massive natural disasters are considered. Here, the emergency vehicle dispatching problems can be regarded as a single machine stochastic scheduling problems, where the processing times are independently and identically distributed random variables, are considered. The objective of minimizing the expected number of tardy jobs, with distinct job due dates that are independently and arbitrarily distributed random variables, is dealt with. For these problems, optimal static-list policies can be found by solving corresponding assignment problems. However, for the special cases where due dates are exponentially distributed random variables, using a proposed dynamic programming approach is found to be relatively faster than solving the corresponding assignment problems. This so-called Pivot Dynamic Programming approach exploits necessary optimality conditions derived for ordering the jobs partially.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

The need for effective information systems that can help in efficient transportation management has become essential. This study presents the potential benefits of developing a decision support system used by a trucking company for routing and scheduling. Our study investigates how customer exibility factors affect the utilization of transportation resources and establishes a vehicle scheduling model for better allocation of transportation resources with a time window. The results show vehicle savings from 25% up to 70% per day given different levels of exibility in delivery times. Increased capacity utilization can be achieved by considering only customer exibility in the model. Our study implies that incorporating customer exibility into the information system can help transportation organizations have the capability to gain control over management to cut costs and improve service.