• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2006

Mercerization of cotton fabrics affects their various properties including physical properties and dyeing behavior. In this study, the concentration levels of NaOH solution, with 18% and 25%, and the mercerization temperature levels, $22^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C$, and $5^{\circ}C$, were changed in order to investigate the physical properties and dyeing behavior using Gardenia, a natural dyestuff, and direct dyes. The effect of tension during the mercerization was also investigated. In order to investigate the dyeing behavior of Gardenia, a direct dyestuff was employed as a comparative material for better objective analysis and evaluation. It was found that the mercerization condition of 18% NaOH concentration at $10^{\circ}C$, without tension, resulted in the highest ${\Delta}E$ value, when dyed with Gardenia.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-107
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• 2006

With the increased importance of groupware in organizations, groupware acceptance is regarded as an important outcome in the efforts of firms to leverage the potential of this information technology in their business activities and strategies. Despite significant investments in groupware, considerable diversity exists in how well firms have been able to implement groupware and leverage the business value of groupware. This study identifies important factors influencing user acceptance of groupware by extending TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) which includes perceived control, intrinsic motivation, and concentration as well as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness from original TAM. The proposed model is tested in an organization among 104 employees using previous research measurements. According to the findings from the study, the usage intention of groupware can be explained by intrinsic motivation, perceived control, perceived ease of use, and Perceived usefulness. However, it fails to explain the effect of concentration on the intention.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2005

For developing digital printing textiles, special pretreatment processes are necessary. These processes include developing formulation of coating agent and coating processes. The pretreatment were investigated with the variation concentration of anti-migration agent, fixation chemical etc.. The printing qualities according to pretreatment conditions were studied with color yield, printed capital letter sharpness and washing fastness. It was observed that the concentration of anti-migration agent, fixation agent(alkali) was closely related to printing qualities. For developing industrial technology of cellulosic digital printing textiles, optimum viscosity of pretreatment coating formulation is very important factor.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2020

Background: From only frequency rate of industrial accidents, it is difficult to define the industry composition of accident statistics in a nation. This study aims to propose and develop a new index for measuring the degree of concentration of industrial accidents using the concept of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index in the case of European countries. Methods: Using the concept of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, the concentration index of accidents in the country is developed, and the conditions of European countries are compared using indexes of frequency rate and concentration ratio. Results: The frequency rate and concentration ratio of fatal and nonfatal accidents in European countries are compared. According to the economic condition and geographical position, different patterns of accidents concentration are presented in terms of frequency rate and concentration ratio. Conclusion: We develop the concentration index of industrial and occupational accidents that identifies the industrial ratio of accident occurrence, and the differentiated strategy can be formulated such as approaches to reducing frequency and prioritizing target industries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.697-706
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• 2020

This study investigates the relationship between related loan, ownership concentration and real estate firm performance. The data was collected from 35 real estate firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2012. Related loans are viewed from the angle of related lending and loan. Related lending and loan is measured by the related lending on total lending ratio and related loan on total loan ratio. Firm performance is measured by the asset turnover ratio and return on assets ratio. Ownership concentration is measured by the right cash flow. The data analysis was done with regression analysis and panel data. The results of the study found that related loans had a positive effect on sales but had no effect on profits. This supports the efficient transaction hypothesis. On the other hand, related lending has a positive effect on profits that supports opportunistic transactions. Ownership concentration moderates the effect of related loan on company's performance. The related lending are beneficial for mutually supporting activities in the real estate sector business group in Indonesia, but related loans have the potential to be used in tunneling activities. The paper contributes to the related party transaction in benefits-risks of related lending and related loan in uncertainty context.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to explore the possibility utilizing Rhododedron brachycarpum as a new natural dye resource. It was dyed in silk fabric according to different dyeing conditions such as dye concentration, dye bath temperature, dyeing time and dye bath pH. The effect of the mordanting conditions were estimated as dyeability and color changes. Additionally, the colorfastness, antibacterial property, ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted silk fabrics were examined. The water-soluble dye of Rhododedron brachycarpum extracted with distilled water was expressed as Yellow Red color. The dye-abilities of silk generally increased depending on the increasing values of dye concentration, dye bath temperature and dyeing duration. The highest K/S values were obtained at a dye concentration of 100% (v/v), a dye bath temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, a dyeing duration 120 minutes and a dyeing of pH 2. The light fastness of dyed and Cu mordanted silk fabrics were found to be 4 grade while Al, Fe mordanted silk fabrics were found to be 2~3 grade. The dry cleaning and rubbing fastness were excellent or good. The fade of washing fastness was not good, however, the stain of washing fastness was excellent. The dyed and Al, Cu mordanted silk fabrics indicated 99.9% reduction rate. The dyed and the mordanted fabrics showed very good ultraviolet protection factors.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2019

In this study, the dyeing properties and functionalities of Crataegi fructus extract were investigated for the purpose of application to new natural dye resources. The effects of dyeing conditions(concentration of dye, dye bath temperature, dyeing duration and dye bath pH) and mordanting on dye uptake and color changes were also examined. The study also estimated the colorfastness, antibacterial properties, and ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted silk fabrics. The dye uptake increased in tandem with the dye concentration and dye bath temperature. The highest K/S values were obtained at the following conditions: a dye concentration of 100%(v/v), a dyeing period of 60 minutes, a dye bath temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, and a dyeing pH of 3. The colorfastness of the material when dry cleaned or rubbed ranged from good to excellent and fastness to light was rated at grade 2-3. The change in the color grade when exposed to washing was not good; however, the stain of washing fastness was good at a range of 4-5. In regards to the functional property aspects, the dyed and mordanted fabrics exhibited excellent results with a 99.9% reduction rate, and excellent ultraviolet protection factors.

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집 기업경쟁력 향상을 위한 정보통신 기술의 활용
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• pp.283-295
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• 1997

Comparing two pharmaceutical companies which one is adopted a leading-edge information technology for years but the other is still operated by the traditional business styles. This study presented the power of the importance of information technology for improving business foundation for improving business foundation and the top manager have to control the resources of information technology more efficiently for rapid enterprise growth. Information technology adoptions should be considered as an assessing models which could performance the effects of user satisfaction productivity, performance and concentration on the job. The study results revealed that positive attitude toward usage and perceived behavioral control on information technology and helped more other than specific elements in the business. All the outcomes positively related to attitudes toward usage of information technology and its devices.

• 경영과학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2016

The market of platform business is typically served by a few dominant players, presenting "winner-takes-all" phenomenon. This study aims to find service characteristics leading to the phenomenon. Six different service-characteristics were considered : Same-side network effect, cross-side network effects, entry barrier, multi-homing cost, switching cost, and heterogeneity of preference. To assess the degree of concentration of market share, HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) is calculated for top three major players. Based on the HHI value, 10 most eminent platform businesses are classified into three different segments and each segment is characterized with key factors. The results from this study provide some insight into the strategic management of platform business.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2013

In this study, saponin content of extract from modified preconditioning process was investigated in Saponaria officinalis L. for cosmetic natural surfactant. Saponin content in steamed leaves from S. officinalis L. was about three times more than that in dried leaves (tea saponin and quillaja saponin). And saponin extracts from steamed leaves was excellently shown in both forming force and forming stability. In emulsion activity, saponin extracts from steamed leaves had a similar level to quillaja saponin and tea saponin. Saponin extracts from steamed leaves in S. officinalis L. showed nontoxic effect below in $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of concentration and dose-dependent inhibition of NO production. From the experiment, the extracts of S. officinalis L. showed good cosmetic agent.