• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.364-373
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the linguistic features of English signboards (ES) and socio-cultural aspects in Korea through university students' perspectives on the ES. The data comprised pictures and questionnaire on the ES from the students. The findings showed that ES reached to 55.4% for mainly the business of drink beverage and clothes. The text written by 'only English' included 2-3 words (43%), and that of 'combination of English and Korean' had 4-5 words (25%), which reached to 68% of the all. The 70% of ES were used for the business of drink beverage, food, and clothes, but these were not in harmony with the neighborhood, showing 42% of agreement. Good ES required 'visual factors (27%)', 'expression of business (23%)', 'elegant and luxurious style (19%)', and 'design and creativity (15%)', and these ES were the most in Shinchon areas. Overall, the present ES culture was insufficient to make harmonious atmosphere in Korea, which requires the support of policies and systems.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.291-314
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• 2012

This paper attempts to investigate to what extent English proficiency can boost international trade in services. To achieve this purpose, this paper estimates the determinants of services trade including language variables with the aggregated and disaggregated data for nine different subsectors of OECD countries. The empirical tests are based on a theory-based gravity model derived from Anderson and von Wincoop. The findings show that English proficiency has a significant influence on services trade, while other languages such as French and German have only weak and mixed effects. In particular, communication, financial, commercial, insurance, and business services are revealed to be the most impacted by the level of English proficiency. The results imply that governments can use their English policies to promote international trade in services.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

Smart tourism and associated topics have been extensively discussed by scholars around the world. The goal of this study is to make available an all-inclusive database-based analysis of the longitude status of research on smart tourism. Three databases, Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct and China Knowledge Network (CNKI), were utilized to gather papers published from 2011 to 2020. The data results were analyzed and results were generated using CiteSpace. The results of Chinese and English papers were evaluated to form the conclusion of this study. The implication formed the prediction of future research trends and development suggestions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.771-788
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• 2019

Deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) show superior performance in text classification than traditional approaches such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Naïve Bayesian approaches. When using CNNs for text classification tasks, word embedding or character embedding is a step to transform words or characters to fixed size vectors before feeding them into convolutional layers. In this paper, we propose a parallel word-level and character-level embedding approach in CNNs for text classification. The proposed approach can capture word-level and character-level patterns concurrently in CNNs. To show the usefulness of proposed approach, we perform experiments with two English and three Korean text datasets. The experimental results show that character-level embedding works better in Korean and word-level embedding performs well in English. Also the experimental results reveal that the proposed approach provides better performance than traditional CNNs with word-level embedding or character-level embedding in both Korean and English documents. From more detail investigation, we find that the proposed approach tends to perform better when there is relatively small amount of data comparing to the traditional embedding approaches.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1994

This paper is to survey the major results of the game-theoretic models and recent research directions of the literature on auctions and competitive biddings. This paper classifies the auctions and competitive biddings into the following four major types:(i) English auction, (ii) Dutch auction, (iii) the first-price sealed-bid auction, (iv) the second-price sealed-bid auction. In order to survey the major ideas related to auctions and competitive biddings, we use two representative theoretical models developed under the game-theoretic framework : (i) the independent private value model are summarized as follows ; (1) The Dutch auction and the first-price auction are strategically equivalent, and so are the English auction and the second-price auction. (2) At the symmetric equilibria, the expected selling price is the same for all four types of auction. Meanwhile, the major results of the general model are as follows ; (1) When bidders are uncertain about their value extimate, the English and second-price auctions are not equivalent, but the dutch and the first-price auctions are still strategically equivalent. (2) The English auction generates the higher expected prices than the second-price auction. Also, when bidders are risk-neutral, the second-price auction generated higher average prices than the Dutch and the first-price auctions.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.813-820
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• 2015

In recent years, there has been an argument that the academic performance of college students taught in English might be lower than those exposed in Korean under ceteris paribus environment. This paper examined the validity of this argument against the effectiveness of teaching-in-English, using student data from investment courses at a leading national university in Busan. Of a total of 165 students, 77 students took the teaching-in-Korean class (cohort A), whereas 88 students registered for the teaching-in-English class (cohort B). The findings did not support the popular argument. There was no significant difference in academic performance between student cohort A and student cohort B.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-192
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• 2022

Artificial intelligence-based natural language processing technology is playing an important role in helping users write English-language documents. For academic documents in particular, the English proofreading services should reflect the academic characteristics using formal style and technical terms. But the services usually does not because they are based on general English sentences. In addition, since existing studies are mainly for improving the grammatical completeness, there is a limit of fluency improvement. This study proposes an automatic academic English editing methodology to deliver the clear meaning of sentences based on the use of technical terms. The proposed methodology consists of two phases: misspell correction and fluency improvement. In the first phase, appropriate corrective words are provided according to the input typo and contexts. In the second phase, the fluency of the sentence is improved based on the automatic post-editing model of the bidirectional recurrent neural network that can learn from the pair of the original sentence and the edited sentence. Experiments were performed with actual English editing data, and the superiority of the proposed methodology was verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.272-274
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• 2015

Success of communication at sea is directly linked with clear and complete delivery and receipt of the target message between interlocutors. It can be said that speakers' effective delivery of their intended message and listeners' precise decoding and accurate understanding are the keys to successful maritime communication. From this perspective, the scope of maritime English education and training needs to be reconceptualized and expanded into the area of communication itself, beyond the simple acquisition of, and familiarization with, IMO Standard Maritime Communication Phrases (SMCP). Therefore, in order to make learners' acquisition of marine communication knowledge more feasible, and the knowledge learned more practically applicable, training on effective and clear oral delivery should be also considered within the frame of maritime English education. Thus, critical training elements to realize this goal need to be suggested as guidelines. In this presentation, the theoretical background on this will be introduced in terms of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and Lingua Franca Core (LFC), which are the current mainstream forms of English communication in the international business context. Based on this, six key training elements will be discussed; that is, speech rate, word groups, pauses, nuclear stresses, consonants (including consonant clusters), and vowels (specifically long and short vowels). Finally, the practical pedagogical methods of each element, and its actual application into a real ESP classroom, will be suggested.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.273-279
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• 2018

This study aimed at providing a comprehensive account of the sources and causes of errors in business emails that Korean college students wrote using a translation machine. Data were collected from 21 emails written by the students who took a business English course. Findings indicated that the students tended to make frequent errors in verb use and verb tense as well as a definite article, countable/noncountable nouns, time adverbs and prepositions. Therefore, the study suggested that the students' common errors imply that they experience some difficulties learning these linguistic features. Given that learners' errors can give us valuable insights into teaching and learning how to write in English, pedagogical suggestions are put forward based on the study results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3172-3179
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• 2015

This study suggests one of English teaching methods to improve English speaking proficiency for adult English learners. Contrary to the traditional English conversation teaching trends such as memorization of specific patterns or grammar-focused practices, the study introduces a storytelling based teaching of English speaking. To theoretically support the storytelling based English speaking teaching, the study investigates the possibility of the teaching method in three ways. First, the 12 speaking strategies focusing on contents of a story are introduced in the way of securing speech amounts as much as possible. Next, the five rhetoric components by Aristotle are introduced to relate to the storytelling teaching for the purpose of achieving the goal of speaking, which is to deliver what a speaker want to say more persuasively. Finally, through the investigation of the learner strategy uses, the possibility of storytelling English speaking teaching can be expected regardless of learners' low level of English proficiency.