• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Objectives: The importance of kimchi as a traditional food in Korean cuisine has gradually decreased due to rapid industrialization, economic growth and changes in dietary patterns in Korea. This study aimed to examine the shifts in kimchi consumption by region and by income level between 2005 and 2015 in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (2005) and VI (2015) were used in the study (n=15,558). Intake of kimchi was estimated using a single 24-hour dietary recall. The sample weights were applied in all analyses to reflect population estimates. All statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS IBM Statistics 20. Results: Kimchi intake has significantly decreased by 27.6 g/day per capita during the last decade in Korea; 25.0 g for males and 29.9 g for females, respectively. Over the past decade, the decline of kimchi intake has been particularly significant in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, while there has been no significant change in males living in rural areas. The consumption of kimchi across all income levels has decreased, however, the decrease was higher in 'middle and low income level'. The amount of kimchi consumption in 2015 was the highest in 'low income level'. The results were similar after adjusting for gender and age. Conclusions: For the past decade, the overall intake of kimchi in Korea has decreased, however, it has been found that the decrease of kimchi intake for males living in the rural areas was not significant. Therefore, in order to keep our traditional kimchi culture and promote a balanced diet including kimchi for Korean, it is necessary to develop more efficient policies and approaches. A variety of dishes using kimchi should be developed, besides merely serving kimchi with rice as a side dish, to increase the consumption of kimchi.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to consider the energy generation of the building as well as the energy demand of the building in terms of zero energy building design. The reason why the zero energy building viewpoint should be discussed is that direction of the building, heat transfer rate of the building, and the S/V ratio of the building are variables related to energy demand and solar panels installed on the building roof and building envelope are variables related to energy generation. This study proceeded as follows; Firstly, the simulation model of large office and elementary school has the same mutual volume and total floor area, and the each floor area and number of floors are adjusted so that the S/V ratio is different. To the next, the energy demand and energy generation of the simulation model were derived based on the meteorological data of Seoul, Daejeon, Busan. Finally, energy demand, energy generation, and final energy demand were compared with heat transfer rate, S/V ratio, building type, region, and orientation. The results of this study is that consideration of solar power generation in terms of energy generation should be taken into consideration at the same time in consideration of the heat transfer rate, the shape, the region and the direction of the zero energy building design.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.535-543
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• 2016

This study has been carried out to evaluate the CBR characteristics and the correlations among every soil properties of National road in Yeongnam region. Total of 480 soil samples were collected from 41 administrative districts for more than 30 years. Their physical and mechanical properties such as natural water content, the Atterberg limit, No. 200 sieve passing, the compaction test and the CBR test results were involved. The soils in Yeongnam region, SM, SC, SP and CL by USCS have predominated approximately 79%. The test results show that average CBR values of gravel and sand range from 12.7% to 20.3% and those of silt and clay range from 4.8% to 7.1%. It means that average CBR values of fine grained soils are less than a half of coarse grained one. Natural water content, No. 200 sieve passing, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of soils are well correlated with CBR values. Especially, it presents that No. 200 sieve passing is the best correlation factor with CBR value. If consider the partition off this region into 6 zones of classified by mother rock, the correlation between CBR value and every soil properties tends to increase. It is suggested that tables, figures and the regressions described in this paper may be available for designers and engineers to understand the characteristics of an embankment materials in Yeongnam region.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2005

Sixty-four obsidian artifacts found in the Korean Peninsula have been characterised by a study of their minor elements and Sr isotope ratio. The artifacts are from the following locations: Yondaedo Island; Yokjido Island; Sangnodaedo Island, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam; Dongsamdong, Busan; Songdo Island, Yeosu, Jeonnam; Suyanggae, Danyang, Chungbuk; Sangmuyongri, Yanggu, Gangwondo; Paektusan Mountain; Kyushu region, Japan. The study of minor elements and Sr isotope ratio recognised three distinct major groups. This result suggests that there are no correlations among the three groups whose provenances are different. But as a result of classification using Sr isotope ratio, obsidian artifacts found in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula classified two groups within C group. This research will furnish scientific datum to be able to mutual comparison of obsidians excavated from other site.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2013

The characteristics of Asian dust (AD) in Korea between 1997 and 2005 were investigated, focusing on peak 1-hour $PM_{10}$ concentrations during AD events at seven cities over the Korean Peninsula. The frequency of AD events decreased from Seoul to Busan, indicating the major pathway of AD in Korea was from northwest to southeast. AD events were most frequent in 2001 while peak concentrations during AD events were much higher in 2002. Recent works show that the trajectories from northerly directions increased during the 2000s and later (Chun, 2009; Kim, 2008). In this work, the fraction of trajectories from the northwest was the largest on the whole, although trajectories from each direction varied by city and year. It is presumed that high concentrations of $PM_{10}$ during AD events are generally associated with trajectories from the northwest rather than from the source region.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.197-202
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to confirm public opinion on city restoration project, to suggest basic direction of future city restoration, and to suggest improvement polices, and finally, to grow as self-supporting social enterprises rehabilitating local economy to stabilize themselves as a model for job creation. In this study, we reviewed city restoration projects and suggested successive model by collecting various policy data for regional social service linking them with social enterprises, and for social job creation, based on city restoration projects.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2002

In general, flat-plate solar collectors are generally fixed in place at some angles. The most common method is to orient solar collectors toward the true south, where variations up to 15 degrees east or west are acceptable and the tiIt angle of the collectors is calculated from latitude and different heating applications. However, the best angle of flat-plate collectors depends upon whether the dominant load occurs in the winter, summer, or evenly all year. Moreover, this setting angle must consider the average insolation characteristics of the region exactly. In this study, the setting angle of flat-plate solar collectors is presented for Busan area by using domestic typical meteorological year weather data, so that the fixed flat-plate solar collectors must be set as quantitatively as possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.145-150
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• 2004

This paper suggests an evaluation of risk level for damage of marine accidents in SRRs. Qualitative analyses in words is sometimes priorior to quantative analyses in numeric symbols. This paper intoduces a concept of fuzzy theory with the plenty of related literature riview and AHP in the Korean SRRs of RCC and RSC. The methodology of this paper is maxㆍmin composition of fuzzy extensive principle, defuzzifiation is centroid of gravity methods. At the result, the evaluation of risk level is especially over Serous for smarine accident of Taean, Gunsan, Mokpo, Yosu, Tongyoung, Busan SRR. This paper recommends that many Resale Vessels and Equipments need to the reduction of risk level about those.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2005

This study is designed to investigate the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ concentration and the chemical composition of heavy metallic components in the $PM_{10}$ sampled in western Busan from March to May, 2003. $PM_{10}$measurement was done during springtime of 2003, totaling 29 days: 9 days in March, 10 days in April and 10 days in May. With a sampling time of 24 hours, it started 9:00 AM on that day and ended 9:00 AM the next day. The mean contribution ratio of soil during springtime was $10.3\%$. Al had a significant correlation with Ca, Fe, Mg and Si and little correlation with Na, Ni and Zn.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1954-1961
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• 2007

This project of total city plan is developed for the area of DONGDAEGU station in the field of new city-core which is adapted for a forefront city and rational restructuring of the city space and improving for balanced growth according to the first phase operation of Korean high speed line and its complete construction to BUSAN. Bring a new heart of this city of the area of DONGDAEGU station which is a gateway to DAEGU city so that the area contrives a new creation of the city space, balanced developing and activation of a region economy. Deliberate for plan of private capital for harmonious to develop a territory of station therefore it raises an emblem of DAEGU city and activates an economy of the city according to the new trend of the condition of transportation integrated administration of a large regionand new development of DONGDAEGU station.