• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.930-939
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• 2007

This study intends to demonstrate that the population decrease in the City of Busan has been resulted from the move of the city's population towards suburbs as well as the out-migration towards the Seoul metropolitan area. To grasp the pattern in the spatial shift of the Busan's population, I analyze the change of population and households within the city and the migration at the inter-regional and intra-metropolitan scales. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, Busan has experienced population decline since 1995, as other large cities, such as Seoul and Daegu have done. Second, despite the population decrease, the number of households has been increased in Busan. Third, the residents of Busan have mostly moved not only to the Seoul metropolitan area but also to the suburban region of Busan. This finding may well contradict the long-standing belief that the continued decrease in the Busan population could be the result of the out-migration toward the Seoul metropolitan area. Fourth, the residential suburbanization in Busan can be interpreted as the extensive intra-metropolitan dispersion, which means the growth of the Busan metropolitan area.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

Fungi, including allergenic, pathogenic or toxigenic species, may have direct effects on human health, interfere with the disinfection process and maintenance of chlorine residual, and add to taste and odor problems. We surveyed distribution of waterborne fungi from raw water in Busan metropolitan city using the EPA standard method. According to the survey, conducted from March 2008 to October 2008, the number of fungi in raw water was high in September and low in April. Quantitative enumeration of fungi per 100 ml of raw water ranged from 5 to 64 CFU, and a higher number was detected in the Mulgum region compared to the Maeri region. Total fungi numbers highly correlated with pH, water temperature and total coliform in this area. Predominant fungi genera grown in medium were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillum, Histoplasma, Rhizopus, Trichophyton, Mucor and Sporthrix species. Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum were particularly dominant in both areas. There were a total of 6 and 9 species detected in the Mulgum and Maeri regions respectively, and the number of species was more verified in the Maeri region than the Mulgum region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1990

The research deals with the establishment of transportation areas in the metropolitan cities. The purpose is three-fold ; 1) to review the existing literature : 2) to analyze the commuting (work and school) pattern and interregional movement pattern of passengers and freights ; 3) to establish the metropolitan transportation area based on the above analyses. The transportation area is defined by the analysis of trip pattern to the center city of each metropolitan area. The detailed indices for establishment are selected by the rank-size and time-distance analyses. For the operational purpose, the study defines 3 different transportation areas as follows : the first transportation area means the directly effecting region of the center city ; the second means the region with many reverse trips and development potentials ; and the third means the indirectly effecting region. It can be concluded that the first transportation area includes 10 cities and 5 counties in Seoul metropol tan region, Yangdsan-Gun, Kimhae-Gun and Kimhae-Si in Busan, Dalsung-Gun, Chilgok-Gun and Kyungsan-Gun in Daegu, Hwasung-Gun and Raju-Gun in Kwangju, and Daeduk-Gun in Daejun. These results could be expected to have many implications for the establishment of area-wide public transportation network, the metropolitan transportation decision-making bodies and others.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.835-846
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• 2006

In this study, climate analysis and wind sector division were conducted for a propriety assessment to determine the location of air quality monitoring sites in the Busan metropolitan area. The results based on the meteorological data$(2000{\sim}2004)$ indicated hat air temperature is strongly correlated between 9 atmospheric monitoring sites, while wind speed and direction are not. This is because wind is strongly affected by the surrounding terrain and the obstacles such as building and tree. in the next stage, we performed cluster analysis to divide wind sector over the Busan metropolitan area. The cluster analysis showed that the Busan metropolitan area is divided into 6 wind sectors. However 1 downtown and 2 suburbs an area covering significantly broad region in Busan are not divided into independent sectors, because of the absence of atmospheric monitoring site. As such, the Busan metropolitan area is finally divided into 9 sectors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.845-850
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• 2011

Norovirus (NoV) causes major acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. NoV genus is a member of the family Caliciviridae, which is transmitted by contaminated food and water or from human to human. Many genotypes of genogroups I and II have been reported because of their high genetic diversity. To obtain molecular epidemiological information on gastroenteritis sporadic cases in Busan, Korea, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of NoV strains detected during 2008~2010. We performed one step RT-PCR amplifying the open reading frame (ORF) 2 (capsid region) followed by semi-nested PCR. Fecal samples were collected from 4,071 acute gastroenteritis, and genotypes of the 421 positive samples were determined by sequence analysis. Based on partial sequence of capsid region, 7 NoV were categorized into genogroup I and 13 into genogroup II. Prevalent genotypes among gastroenteritis patients within Busan were GII.4, GI.6, GII.5 in 2008~2010. The results of this study will contribute to the currently available epidemiological data and improve public health and hygiene via development of diagnostic methods and sustainable surveillance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper was to examine the status of unlawful actions in the fishing grounds located in the Ki-jang coastal region of Busan, Korea, and to develop an optimal fishing-ground plan that will increase the productivity of fisheries resources. We examined the impacts of important factors influencing the basic environment of the fishing grounds at the study site, as including the physical environmental conditions of water temperature and qualies. In addition, we administered a survey that focused on the necessity of enhanced maintenance of the fishing grounds at this site. As a result, we identified some required management action for the fishing grounds and proposed an optimal fishing-ground plan to increase productivity in the Ki-jang coastal region of Busan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.407-415
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• 2001

A case of air pollution study of estimation of emission rate for source to railroad rolling stock and emissive character about is unusual. Recent emission rate of railroad rolling stock was estimated with emission factor of EPA in three region(Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido). But this EPA factor could be incorrect because Korea and America have a different railroad environment in the variety of fuel and character of railroad rolling stock In this study, emission rate of each line, car and region(district) with omission factor of Korean case(National Railroad Administration, 1997) was estimated. In Busan Metropolitan City, railroad rolling stocks were divided accoding to, each line, car and service. Particularly, the Idle fuel rate omitted in the preceding study was included in calculation fuel rate. Total emission rate of Busan Metropolitan City was 887.41 t/year Each emission rates of Kyeongbu line, Donghaenambu line, Gaya line, Uam line, Bujeon line, and idle was 489.15t, 196.46t, 33.94t, 12.66t, 6.47t, and 48.75t, respectively.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.355-365
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• 2007

This study examined the essential elements of urban fishing ports in the region of Busan in terms of the hydrography, geomorphology, and urban functions of each fishing port and then estimated their development potential. The results were as follows: (1) The ports in the eastern and central parts of the Busan region, used mostly for fishing, were open or quasi-open type ports with ${\Omega}>0.8$, while those of the western part tended to show the reverse. (2) Of the 51 fishing ports, 37.3% were located on land inside the coastline, and structures such as breakwaters had been constructed on both sides of the entrance. Of the total, 47.1% were small fishing ports with water depths of 0~1 m. (3) In the Busan region, 39.2% were urban fishing ports, including Daebyeon and Dadaepo, and 60.8% were non-urban fishing ports.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present a plan to distinguish 229 local governments nationwide by taking into account various characteristics such as population, employment, housing, and industry of the region for customized urban policies in the era of metropolitan areas. The National Statistical Portal (KOSIS) collected and standardized data related to population, housing, industry, and finance by region from 2000 to 2015 for the classification of regional types necessary for customized urban policies, and this was used to classify them into regional types that considered population, employment, housing and industry. The summary of the analysis results is as follows. First, as a result of the regional type classification, 10 key employment sites (4.4%), 5 employment centers (2.2%), 38 residential centers (16.6%), 20 growth areas (8.7%), 26 industrial cities (11.4%), 35 low-fertile farming and fishing villages (15.3%) and 95 stagnant areas (41.5%). Second, the Seoul metropolitan area is the most diverse type of metropolitan area in the country, with most of its core employment sites inside Seoul, residential centers inside and outside Seoul, and growth areas in the southeastern part of the country (Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do) are mixed with industrial and growth areas centered around Busan, Ulsan and surrounding areas, while the rest of the local governments are found to be low-fertile farming villages or stagnant areas. Daegu (Daegu, Gyeongbuk) is an industrial city in Daegu, and the rest of the local governments are either low-density farming and fishing villages or stagnant areas. The Honam region (Gwangju and Jeolla) was found to be a low-mill farming and fishing village or stagnant area except for Gwangju, while the Chungcheong region (Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungcheong) was seen as a growth area with areas adjacent to Daejeon, Sejong, and the Seoul metropolitan area, and some industrial cities were included. Finally, the Gangwon area was mostly classified as low-density farming and fishing villages and stagnant areas.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.412-427
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of firms relocation into or out of Busan Region. Especially, it analyses the relation between relocated regions, firms' sizes and industrial sectors of the relocated firms systematically. For this, examinations of former studies about firm relocations, forming of analytical framework for systematic investigation were done. In short, this analysis figures out the correlation between the firms' characteristics and relocations.