• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2002

This paper aims to find the characteristics of concentration distribution of coastal urban air pollutants. For this purpose, It was used the daily meteorological data and the hourly concentration data for $O_3$and NO$_2$ in Busan metropolitan city from 1994 to 1996. It was investigated the annual and monthly distribution of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration at each site in Busan, and also investigated the characteristics of concentration change of air pollutants with time under the sea breeze. As a results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and ozone tend to be increased every year and nitrogen dioxide concentration is higher than ozone concentration at all sites in Busan. The concentration of ozone is high in summer season and low in winter season, but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide have a reversed trend. The monthly peak concentration of ozone occurred in April and September, while the monthly minimum concentration of nitrogen dioxide occurred in August. Their trend were identified by sites near the coastline than sites stands apart from the coastline. The sea breeze occurred annual mean 81 day in Busan from 1994 to 1996. The main wind direction of sea breeze was classified into southwesterly and southeasterly. In case of southwesterly, It was pronounced the south wind and southwest wind. In case of southeasterly, the occurrence frequency of east wind was high. Especially, the concentrations of urban air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were high on time which the sea breeze flow, and the areas that ozone concentration was high moved from outside part to central part of city with time. In costal urban such as Busan, the wind direction of sea breeze is influenced the change of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration on time which the sea breeze flow at each site and also influenced the change of air pollutants concentration of sites on the pathway of sea breeze.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.345-360
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• 2004

The late sea-breeze and its impacts on ozone distributions were investigated during April to September from 1998 to 2002, in the Busan metropolitan area (including surrounding areas) using the surface ozone concentrations (obtained at 9 monitoring sites), local meteorological variables (obtained near the shore), together with synoptic data. The urban scale ozone concentration was also simulated using the MM5/UAM-V to better understand the role of late sea-breeze in Busan. The results from observation study showed that most of the late sea-breeze occurred when weak offshore synoptic flow (northwesterly) suppressed development of sea - breeze, and the ozone concentration level and frequencies exceeding ozone standard increased with the onset time of sea breeze. We also found that the late sea-breeze clearly induces relatively weak wind speed and high temperature during the daytime As a result it enhances the photochemical ozone accumulation and delays the occurrence time of the averaged maximum ozone concentrations. The results of simulation for high ozone episode (24 August, 2001) by MM5/UAM -V revealed that the late sea-breeze interacted with weak offshore synoptic wind can contribute significantly to high ozone concentration in the coastal urban area. The simulated horizontal and vertical distribution of ozone concentration indicated that ozone can be accumulated over the sea under stagnant condition and return to the land in the late afternoon with the sea breeze, suggesting both the relationship between late sea-breeze and recirculation and the importance of late sea -breeze effects influencing severe ozone pollution in Busan.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2006

수제선의 안쪽인 육역의 경우는 각 역할에 따른 관리주체가 공간 활용 등의 목적으로 인하여 어느 정도 관리가 되고 있지만, 해역의 경우는 육역에 비하여 관리정도가 아주 미비한 실정이다. 하지만 국토공간의 지속적인 개발 관심과 더불어 해양공간의 확보 및 활용에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 해양에 대한 정보 및 환경에 대한 정보 요구도가 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 대상지인 부산은 다른 지역의 연안과는 달리 항만, 관광, 부두 등의 다양한 역할을 하고 있으며, 여러 가지의 환경적 요인을 가지고 있기 때문에 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 하지만 광범위한 부산연안지역의 해양 오염도를 분석하기 위해서 주요지점 및 많은 지역에서의 데이터 획득이 중요한데 반하여 지속적으로 제공하는 부산연안의 데이터의 수는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 연안 변화를 분석하기 위해 높은 정보 요구도에 의한 수치해도의 수요증대에 대비하여 수치해도를 이용하여 국립수산과학원에서 제공하는 부산연안의 17개 연안 정점 자료와의 결합을 통하여 속성 및 공간데이터를 구축하고, GIS의 공간통계분석기법을 이용하여 연안의 환경 현황과 연속성 파악을 위한 분석 기법과 효용방안에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1975

The optical properties of the sea water were studied by use of underwater lux-meters in the coastal waters of Busan from May to November 1975. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranges from O. 169 to 1. 049 and the mean absorpflOn coefficient is 0.413. Maximum monthly mean absorption coefficient (0. 56) was observed in August, while the minimum was O. 338 in September. There was a distinct discontinuity layer of the absorption coefficient in accordance with the thermocline and the halocline in summer. The mean transparency of the area was 3. 8 meters, and transparency in autumn was higher than that in summer. The relation between absorption coefficient (m) and transparency (D) was deduced, m=1. 57/ D. The rate of light penetration at 5 m-layer of sea water was 2. 5 percent when the solar altitude was six degree in July 1975.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

We have Studied the characteristics of wind over Pusan coastal area in order to precisely predict surface wind having an important effect on oil spill fate using the data on surface observation of Pusan, Kimhae and Gadeogdo island which are collected during the 3 years from 1988 to 1990. We also investigated the correlation of the surface wind between Pusan, Kimhae and Gadeogdo island. In both Pusan areas and Kimhae, the land and sea breeze occurs during. the whole season except for winter. The occurrence frequency of land and sea breeze is significantly high from April to August. The correlation of surface wind between Pusan, Kimhae and Gadeogdo island surface wind is high in the daytime. The occurrence frequency of sea breeze in the Kimhae areas is higher than that in Pusan on the basis of the present criteria. For monthly occurrence, Pusan has the highest occurrence frequency of the sea breeze in August and Kimhae has in May.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.161-185
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• 2008

In 2006, the share of fisheries distribution in Busan amounted to 1.9 million ton, which was 41 percent of the whole country. In details, coastal fishery 334 thousand ton(14% of the whole country), deep sea fishery 452 thousand ton(82%), import fishery 964 thousand ton(70%), export fishery 157 thousand ton(43%) were distributed in Busan region, respectively. According to distribution share, import(50%), deep sea fishery(24%), coastal fishery(18%), export(8%) are main category of fisheries distribution in Busan. After the institutional changes in 1997, that is, from monopoly to the competitive systems are implemented, the share of sales volume through a home trust market decreased gradually since 2000. Especially, the share of direct sales in farming fisheries sector amounted to 73.8 percent of total production volume, 80.7 percent of production value in 2005. Furthermore, the share of fisheries sale through e-commerce is increasing owing to the growth of IT and competitive price of its products. and the sale share of large discount store is also on the 10% more increase. Hereafter these structure changes of fisheries distribution in Busan will be more intensified. Therefore, after reflecting the change in distribution policy of Busan Fisheries, the directions of distribution policy should be established, as follows. $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of non-trust market sales $\cdot$ Fisheries distribution policy to prepare for increasing of direct transaction like e-commerce $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of sales ratio in large discount store $\cdot$ Distribution policy for making up sound purchasing circumstance of Fisheries $\cdot$ Distribution policy for reducing the fisheries distribution cost $\cdot$ Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of direct carrying the deep sea fisheries and import fisheries to Seoul and $Inch'{\breve{o}}n$ section $\cdot$ Distribution policy for implementing the information system for managing fisheries transaction $\cdot$ Distribution policy for advancing the export & import management of fisheries $\cdot$ Distribution policy for establishing transaction principle reflecting the peculiarity in fishery distribution(to enacting independent fishery law)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2011

Groundwater which infiltrated in recharge areas discharges in the forms of evapotranspiration, baseflow to streams, groundwater abstraction and eventually flows into the sea. This study characterized radon-222 concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) in coastal groundwater discharge, well groundwater, Ilkwang Stream water, and seawater in the coastal area of Busan Metropolitan City and subsequently estimated groundwater discharge rate to the sea. The median value of Rn-222 concentration is highest in well groundwater (18.36 Bq/L), and then decreases in the order of coastal groundwater discharge (15.92 Bq/L), Ilkwang Stream water (1.408 Bq/L), and seawater (0.030 Bq/L). The relationship between Rn-222 concentration and EC values is relatively strong in well groundwater and then in seawater. However, the relationship is not visible between coastal groundwater discharge and Ilkwang Stream water. The groundwater discharge rate to the sea is estimated as $3,130m^3$/day by using radon mass budget model and $16,788m^3$/day by using Darcy's law.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2016

The statistical measures of the coastal environmental data are used in a variety of statistical inferences, hypothesis tests, and data-driven modeling. If the measures are biased, then the statistical estimations and models may also be biased and this potential for bias is great when data contain some outliers defined as extraordinary large or small data values. This study aims to suggest more robust statistical measures as alternatives to more commonly used measures and to assess the performance these robust measures through a quantitative evaluation of more typical measures, such as in terms of locations, spreads, and shapes, with regard to environmental monitoring data in the Busan coastal sea. The detection of outliers within the data was carried out on the basis of Rosner's test. About 5-10% of the nutrient data were found to contain outliers based on Rosner's test. After removal (zero-weighting) of the outliers in the data sets, the relative change ratios of the mean and standard deviation between before and after outlier-removal conditions revealed the figures 13 and 33%, respectively. The variation magnitudes of skewness and kurtosis are 1.36 and 8.11 in a decreasing trend, respectively. On the other hand, the change ratios for more robust measures regarding the mean and standard deviation are 3.7-10.5%, and the variation magnitudes of robust skewness and kurtosis are about only 2-4% of the magnitude of the non-robust measures. The robust measures can be regarded as outlier-resistant statistical measures based on the relatively small changes in the scenarios before and after outlier removal conditions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

A coastal flood area was predicted using the empirical superposition of the typhoon surge level and typhoon wave height along the Busan coastal area. The historical typhoon damages were reviewed, and the coastal topography was measured using VRS-GPS. A FEMA formula was applied to estimate the coastal flood area in a typhoon case when the measured and predicted data of typhoon waves are not available. The results in the area of Haeundae beach and Gwangalli beach were verified using the flood area data from the case of Typhoon Maemi (2003). If a Hurricane Katrina class typhoon were to pass through the Maemi trajectory, the areathat would be flooded along theBusan coastal area was predicted and compared with the results of the Maemi case. Because of the lack of ocean environment data such as data for the sea level, waves, bathymetry, wind, pressure, etc., it is hard to improve the prediction accuracy for the coastal flood area in the typhoon case, which could be reflected in the policy to mitigate a typhoon's impact. This paper discusses the kinds of ocean environment information that is needed to predict a typhoon's impact with better accuracy.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1976

The optical properties of the sea water were studied by use of underwater photometers in the coastal waters of Busan, from December 1975 to May 1976. The absorption coefficient of the sea water in the area ranged from 0.223 to 0.901 and the mean was 0.355. Maximum valae of monthly mean was 0.454 in December, while the minium was 0.301 in January. The transparency in winter was higher than that in spring and the mean was 4. 7 meters. The relation between absorption coefficient (m) and transparency (D) was m= 1. 67/ D. The rate of light penetration at 5 m-layer in the area ranged from 1. 73 to 24.09 percent and the mean was 13.63 percent, while the rate at 10 m-layer ranged from 0.067 to 8.05 percent and the mean was 2.95 percent.