• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1980

The effects of thyroxine (TX) or propylthiouracil (PPT) administration on the antibody forming activity agains t sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were studied by using of hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition techniques. Antibody titers to both SRBC and NDV increased significantly in the TX-treated group, whereas decreased in the PPT-treated group, compared with control. When TX was administered after antigen inoculatioon, antibody forming activity was significantly enhanced, compared with the TX administration before antigen inoculation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

In a flocks of broiler, 29 days old, was submitted to Iksan-branch, Livestock Development and Research Institute of Chonbuk province. Grossly, their feathers were ruffled and multiful hemorrhage were presented in the thigh and pectoral muscles. There were multifocal foci on the liver surface and enlarged and edematous on bursa of Fabricius. The coagulative materials, which were blood-tinged, were filled in cecum, and Eimeria oocysts were detected in the cecal contents. Microscopically, macrogametes were noted in the cecum, degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes in the medullary area of bursal follicles, and multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes. There were positive in the infectious bursal disease(IBD) through selologic test and Salmonella gallinarum were detected. This report is a mixed infection case of coccidium, IBD and fowl typhoid in a flocks of broiler.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.575-582
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• 1999

Morphometrical analysis of chicken Cryptosporidium baileyi in various stages of life cycle in the bursa of Fabricius were carried out by electron microscope to establish a differential point for identification of C baileyi. By avidin-biotin complex method, protozoans of the bursa of Fabricius were identified Cryptosporidium spp. The size and area on each developmental stages of C baileyi, as measured by Morphomat 10 attached to electron microscope were as follows. Trophozoites' size with range of $3.21{\pm}0.70{\times}2.49{\pm}0.59{\mu}m$, area with range of $118.82{\pm}41.92{\mu}m^2$; meronts' size $3.99{\pm}1.07{\times}2.96{\pm}0.52{\mu}m$, area $210.11{\pm}57.11{\mu}m^2$; merozoites' size $1.98{\pm}0.43{\times}0.60{\pm}0.18{\mu}m$, area $24.10{\pm}5.97{\mu}m^2$; microgametes' size $1.36{\pm}0.83{\times}0.50{\pm}0.23{\mu}m$, area $20.23{\pm}6.73{\mu}m^2$; macrogametes' size $4.57{\pm}0.65{\times}4.02{\pm}0.55{\mu}m$, area $258.37{\pm}51.83{\mu}m^2$; oocytes' size $4.39{\pm}0.56{\times}3.44{\pm}0.50{\mu}m$, area $187.21{\pm}62.68{\mu}m^2$. In conclusion, the size and area on each developmental stages of Cryptosporidium baileyi is different from that of other Gryptosporidia spp. It suggests, with considering tissue tropism and life cycle, morphometrical analysis can be quite a good way to identify C baileyi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2007

Gal-13 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from chicken intestine. Ninety chickens were randomly divided into two groups (45 chickens for each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of Gal-13 on the acquired immune response. The chickens in the first group were fed a diet without Gal-13 as the control, and the chickens in the second group were fed the same diet, except that Gal-13 ($1{\mu}g/ml$) was suspended in drinking water just after hatching. Samples of blood, thymus, bursa of fabricius and spleen were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17. The chickens in both groups received infectious bursal disease virus vaccine at day 20, and then sera samples were collected for analysis at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after vaccination. The results showed: (1) Gal-13 could enhance the content of immunoglobulin (Ig)G at the age of 4 to10 days (p<0.05) and IgM at the age of 4 and 10 days (p<0.05) in the serum; (2) In vitro experiments showed that Gal-13 (0.625-1.250${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the chickens stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavlin A (ConA). Compared to the control, Gal-13 (1 ${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of bursa lymphocytes at 17 days of age (p<0.01) and thymus lymphocytes at 7 days of age (p<0.01), but restrained lymphocyte proliferation in chicken spleen and differed significantly at day 10 (p<0.01); (3) Gal-13 enhanced infectious bursal disease virus antibody in sera of chickens 21 days after infectious bursal disease virus vaccine administration (p<0.05). These results suggested that Gal-13 could modulate adaptive immune responses of chickens.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic profile of two prevalent avian pathogens in Korea namely, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Two farms located in Yeongi-gun, Chungnam were selected for this study. The two viruses were isolated from various organs (spleen, trachea, bursa of Fabricius) of deceased chickens that showed clinical symptoms of Newcastle Disease or Infectious bursal disease like swelling and congestion of the F bursa, facial edema, lacrimation, greenish yellow diarrhea as well as pathological signs like airsacculitis, haemorrhages in the intestines and so on. For analysis of NDV and IBDV, a 466 and 435 base pair fragments corresponding to the HN and VP2 regions which are highly conserved among related strains of NDV and IBDV, respectively, were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed by sequencing. Comparison of the VP2 region showed a $99.3\%$ homology between the Korean IBDV isolate and the BJ836-attenuated vaccine strain. In contrast, the HN region of the Korean NDV isolate only has an 83 to $84\%$ homology with the vaccine strains LaSota, B1 and VGGA. Our findings reveal that the prevalent NDV strain in Korea is genetically different from the vaccine strains and may explain the recent outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the region.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 1998

닭에 있어서 닭와포자충 감염이 면역억제에 미치는 영항을 규명하기 위한 일환으로 150마리의 2 일령 SPF 병아리에 $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$의 닭와포자충 오오시스트를 경구 투여하였다 경구투여 후 3일부터 95일까지 4일 간격으로 5마리씩의 병아리 정맥 내에 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^7$의 SRBC를 주입한 다음 각각 5일 후에 혈액을 채혈하여 SRBC의 응집소가를 측정하였다. 감염군에 있어서 분변 속의 오오시스트 배설은 정상적인 양상이었으며. 응집소가는 시일이 경과함에 따라 감염, 비감염 양군 모두 점점 높아져 52일에 최고에 이른 다음 점점 낮아졌다 한편. 실험기간을 통하여 응집소가는 오오시스트를 투여하지 않은 비감염군에 비하여 오오시스트를 투여한 감염군이 의의있게 낮았다. (P<0.05) 결과로 미루어 보아 닭와포자충 감염닭은 비감염닭베 비하여 항체반응이 저하되는 경향이 있다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to determine the viability and infectivity of oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi that had been stored from 1 to 40 months at $4^{\circ}C$ preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. Oocysts of C. baileyi were purified from the feces of experimentally infected chickens using discontinuous sucrose gradients. Subsequently, the purified oocysts were suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution at a concentration of $1{\;}{\times}10^7$ organism/ml, and their viabilities were assessed by nucleic acid staining, histologic examination, and infectivity to 2-day-old chickens. All chickens inoculated with oocysts that had been stored for 1-18 months developed patent infections, while chickens infected with older oocysts remained uninfected. Between 5.8% and 82.2% of the oocysts, stored at $4^{\circ}C$ in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution, were found to be viable, as determined by nucleic acid staining. Parasite colonization in the bursa of Fabricius was detected in the microvillus border of bursal epithelium. The finding that C. baileyi oocysts remain infective to chickens for at least 18 months offers important time-saving advantages to investigators who frequently require large numbers of oocysts.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2000

This study was carried out to provide the fundamental information for development of proper vaccination program against infectious bursal disease(IBD) to the local chicken farms. The antigen detection was peformed from 8 samples of bursa of Fabricius with agar gel precipitation(AGP) and indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA), And also, the antibodies in serum samples were detected by the various serological methods such as commercial ELISA assay, AGP and virus neutralization(VN) test. 1. The antigen detection rates were 25% for AGP which is 2 out of 8 farms and 10 out of 40 bursas, and 25% which Is 2 out of 8 farms and 20% 8 out of 40 bursas for IFA, respectively. 2. The mean titer of maternal antibody (>3,000) existed until 10 days of the age with ELISA-GMT. 3. The antibody positive rates which are over 80% showed until 5 days of the age with ELISA and at 10 days of the age with AGP except one, but none of them showed from 1 day of the age. This report came to conclusions that both the protective maternal antibody titers and the antigen positive rates were significant until at the 10 days of the age.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.431-447
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mixed probiotic on the immunity, productivity index and mortality rate in the broiler. Total of 120 one-day-old Ross broilers chicks were randomly assigned into two treatments (control dietary group and probiotic-treated group) with three replications of each treatment. The probiotic group broiler had a lower mortality rate than control during the experimental period. The productivity index in the probiotic group increased significantly than the control group. The weight of the bursa of fabricius was high in the probiotic-treated group than the control group. Activated the immunity level after fed the probiotic mixed diet compared to the control group. Furthermore, the probiotic diet significantly decreased the saturated fatty the control group. Whereas the probiotic mixed diet increased the unsaturated fatty acid than the control group. Afterward, the diet including probiotic induced positive impact on broilers immunity level. This indicates that a probiotic mixed diet could be protecting the intestine from the invasion of a pathogenic organism. It would be beneficial to the poultry industries by decrease the broiler mortality rate with elevated the immunity.