• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.419-432
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine that marital conflict, maternal parenting behavior, and a child's friendship quality varied as a function of bully/victim groups. A sample of 227 elementary school children and their mothers participated in the study. Children answered questionnaires regarding maternal parenting behavior, friendship quality, and bullying/victimization and mothers rated their marital conflict. The data were analyzed by frequencies, factor analysis, one-way ANOVAs, and Duncan's post-hoc analyses. The bully/victim distribution was 8.4% bullies, 7.9% victims, 4.4% bully-victims, and 79.3% normative contrasts when reported by children themselves and 9.3% bullies, 4.8% victims, 5.3% bully-victims, and 80.6% normative contrasts when reported by peers. Bullies and bully-victims experienced higher marital conflict than normative contrasts. Bully-victims perceived higher maternal warmth than bullies and both bullies and victims perceived higher maternal rejection/punishment than normative contrasts. Victims perceived their mothers to be more permissive/neglected than normative contrasts, and bully-victims perceived them to be more overprotective than both bullies and normative contrasts. Both bullies and bully-victims showed higher negative function of friendship quality than victims.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to determine the variables affecting adolescents' conformity behavior in bullying. The study subjects were 753 middle school and high school students. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings are as follows. 1. The variables affecting bully-conformity behavior were sympathy, close friends to confide in, anxiety, social skills, and family harmony. The variables affecting victim-conformity behavior were social skills, sex, attitude toward school atmosphere, anxiety, and sympathy. The variables affecting onlooker behavior were anxiety, sex, and close friends to confide in. 2. Sympathy, self-esteem and social skills were higher in the victim-conformity group than in the other two groups. Anxiety was higher in the onlooker group than in the other two groups. In the case of the victim-conformity group compared to the bully-conformity group, the parents showed more generous attitude toward their children, a more harmonious atmosphere existed within family members, and the group showed better relationship with teachers. Finally, the victim-conformity group showed a positive attitude toward school atmosphere, compared to the other two groups.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study are as follows: Identifying the types of bullying; describing the relationship among social support, parent-adolescent communication and bullying types; identifying factors influencing the bullying. Method: 374 subjects were 5-6th grade students of two elementary schools in Daejeon. We collected the data from June 10 to October 29, 2002. The data were analyzed by using the frequency, ANOVA, pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression in the SPSS. Result: The 7 % of the subjects were found as bullies and another 23.8 % as victims, while 25.9 % were found as bully-victim group. The number of the victims in peer-support got less than in the normal or bully group. In the correlation analysis, the score of bullies, victims and bully-victim group were reversely-correlated with the social support. The score of victims was reversely-correlated with the mother-adolescent communication. In regression analysis, the social support influenced significant effects on both the bullies and victims. Conclusion: Findings indicated that the health professionals need to identify social support and parent-adolescent communication according to bullying types. Therefore, adequate approaches for the three independent groups of bullying are necessary.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제14권1호_spc
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• pp.255-272
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• 2008

세계적인 학교 폭력의 주요 현상인 집단따돌림에 대해 세계 여러 나라에서 이미 1970년대부터 연구가 이루어졌다. 이와 비교해 한국의 왕따 연구는 그 역사가 비교적 짧은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 외국의 불링(bullying)과는 달리 고유한 특성을 지니는 한국의 왕따에 대해 알아보았다. 한국의 왕따가 가지는 현상적 특성으로 집단성, 한 번 피해자가 되면 지속적인 괴롭힘에 노출되는 지속성, 가해자의 범위가 일반학생으로 확대되는 일반성이라 할 수 있다. 외부 환경적 특성으로 한국의 교육환경, 부정적인 가정환경, 집단주의 문화가 있다. 또한 왕따 현상에는 그 참여 역할이 중요한데 크게 세 가지의 구조 틀을 가진다. 즉 가해자, 피해자, 가해-피해자 중심의 구조, 가해자와 피해자를 제외한 중간집단(가해지지자, 방관자, 방어자)에 초점을 맞춘 구조, 마지막으로 가해자, 가해조력자, 가해강화자, 방어자, 피해자, 방관자의 참여역할 구조를 통해 각각의 역할에 따른 심리적 특성에 관한 연구결과를 설명하였다. 이러한 왕따의 특성을 반영하여, 전 학급을 대상으로 한 방관자 중심의 예방 프로그램과 그 효과에 관해 간략히 설명하고 앞으로의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2012

Objectives : This study examined the current prevalence rate of school bullying and its related psychopathology. Methods : A total of 3,550 elementary/middle school students and their parents were recruited for this study. A self-report questionnaire on perpetration and victimization in school bullying was used for collection of data regarding prevalence and the present state of school bullying. For evaluation of associated psychopathology, self report forms, including the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale (ARS), Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Korean-Youth Self Report (K-YSR), and the Korean Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (K-ESI) were applied. Samples were classified according to four subtype groups (control, victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator) and characteristics of each group were compared. Results : Overall, the prevalence rate for bullying perpetration was 64.4% and the prevalence rate for bullying victimization was 63.4%, indicating involvement of more than half of students in school bullying. Bully-victims reported high social immaturity and depressive and suicidal tendency, whereas bully-perpetrators reported less social immaturity and more externalizing problems. Among the subtype groups, the victim-perpetrator group showed the most prominent depressive/anxiety tendency and behavioral problems. Conclusions : Both victimization and perpetration of bullying are common problems for child and adolescent groups and several psycho-social problems were found to be related. The results of this study will guide direction of future study and development of strategies for prevention of bullying.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.246-255
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the states of anger, depression, resilience and self-esteem according to type of school violence involving elementary school students. Methods: The participants were 257 elementary school students in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades. Data was collected by structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significant differences among the states of anger (Fs=16.66, p<.001), depression (Fs=18.04, p<.001), resilience (F=12.77, p<.001) and self-esteem (F=10.39, p<.001) according to the type of school violence. Of all the groups, bully-victim exhibited the highest score for anger and depression, and the lowest score for resilience and self-esteem. Conclusion: Based on the findings, developing intervention programs that consider the psychological characteristics of elementary school students is necessary. Also, the results of this study suggest that integrative programs for students that can enhance resilience and self-esteem, such as self-discovery programs, and reduce anger, such as anger control programs, need to be developed.