• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to establish a selection process for high quality sperm in bovine semen using sperm separation by magnetic activation (MACS). For this, semen from 21 Nellore bulls was collected using an artificial vagina. To guarantee the presence of pathologies in the ejaculate, animals previously declassified in four consecutive spermiogram were used. Semen was analyzed in five statuses: (1) fresh semen (fresh); (2) density gradient centrifugation (DGC), percoll column; (3) non-apoptotic fraction after separation by MACS (MAC); (4) apoptotic fraction from the separation (MACPOOR); and (5) MAC followed by DGC (MACDGC). Using a computerized analysis system (CASA), motility was measured. The sperm morphology was evaluated by phase contrast, and the supravital test was completed with eosin/nigrosin staining. For DGC, 20 × 10⁶ cells were used in a gradient of 90% and 45% percoll. MACS used 10 × 10⁶ cells with 20 μL of nanoparticles attached to annexin V, and filtered through the MiniMACS magnetic separation column. Membrane integrity was assessed with SYBR-14/IP and mitochondrial potential with JC-1 by flow cytometry. Processing sperm by MACDGC, was more effective in obtaining samples with high quality sperm, verified by the total of abnormalities in the samples: 35.04 ± 2.29%, 21.50 ± 1.47%, 17.30 ± 1.10%, 30.68 ± 1.94% and 10.50 ± 1.46%, respectively for fresh, DGC, MAC, MACPOOR, and MACDGC. The subpopulation of non-apoptotic sperm had a high number of live cells (82.65%), membrane integrity (56.60%) and mitochondrial potential (83.98%) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that this nanotechnological method, that uses nanoparticles, is efficient in the production of high-quality semen samples for assisted reproduction procedures in cattle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2024

Objective: This study compared five distinct sets of biological pathways and associated genes related to semen volume (VOL), number of sperm (NS), and sperm motility (MOT) in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Methods: The phenotypic data included 13,533 VOL records, 12,773 NS records, and 12,660 MOT records from 131 bulls. The genotypic data consisted of 76,519 imputed and actual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 72 animals. The SNP additive genetic variances for VOL, NS, and MOT were estimated for SNP windows of one SNP (SW1), ten SNP (SW10), 30 SNP (SW30), 50 SNP (SW50), and 100 SNP (SW100) using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach. The fixed effects in the model were contemporary group, ejaculate order, bull age, ambient temperature, and heterosis. The random effects accounted for animal additive genetic effects, permanent environment effects, and residual. The SNPs explaining at least 0.001% of the additive genetic variance in SW1, 0.01% in SW10, 0.03% in SW30, 0.05% in SW50, and 0.1% in SW100 were selected for gene identification through the NCBI database. The pathway analysis utilized genes associated with the identified SNP windows. Results: Comparison of overlapping and non-overlapping SNP windows revealed notable differences among the identified pathways and genes associated with the studied traits. Overlapping windows consistently yielded a larger number of shared biological pathways and genes than non-overlapping windows. In particular, overlapping SW30 and SW50 identified the largest number of shared pathways and genes in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Conclusion: This study yielded valuable insights into the genetic architecture of VOL, NS, and MOT. It also highlighted the importance of assessing overlapping and non-overlapping SNP windows of various sizes for their effectiveness to identify shared pathways and genes influencing multiple traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2003

한우의 고환둘레와 정액 생산 및 번식과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여, 농협중앙회 가축개량사업소 보유 종모우 63두의 고환둘레와, 이들의 19,742번의 정액 생산기록(정액량, 농도/ml 및 총정자수) 및 이중 16두가 생산한 1,289두의 자손기록을 이용하였다. 정액량, 정액 농도와 총 정자수 모두 정액채취년도, 정액채취월, 정액 채취 순서에 따라 영향을 받았다(P<0.001). 고환 둘레의 평균은 41.2$\pm$4.54cm 이었고, 1회 평균 사정량은 5.47$\pm$0.89ml 이었으며, 정액 농도는 16.2$\pm$2.78(${\times}10^8$/ml), 사정당 총정자수는88.47$\pm$15.24(${\times}10^8$)이었다. 고환둘레와 정액량 및 총 정자수 간에는 0.14 및 0.15의 정의 상관을 나타내었으며, 임신율과는 0.39, 출산율과는 0.26의 상관을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2002

Reciprocal effects among local breeds and additive and heterosis effects were estimated for total milk production per lactation (TLP), lactation length (LL) and daily milk yield (DMY). Procedures for an optimum crossbreeding system were examined by comparing various crossbred combinations. Three data sets were chosen from the total records collected from 1962 to 1997. Data set I with a total of 5,938 records composed of 9 breed groups for reciprocal crosses, data set II with a total of 6,064 records composed of 5 breed groups for additive and heterosis effects and data set III with a total of 10,319 records composed of 42 breed groups for optimum crossbreeding system were analyzed. The least squares ANOVA was used. The reciprocal crosses between Red Sindhi and the Bangladeshi Local showed significant difference. When the Red Sindhi was used as cow, the cross was superior to the opposite in terms of the three performance traits. The results showed that additive breed effects on both TLP and DMY were positive and highly significant between Bos indicus and Bos taurus, whereas the individual heterosis effects were not significant. In general, any local breeds were improved two to three times by crossing with the Friesian once or twice. However, the effect was reduced when the grading up with the Friesian was repeated more than twice. On the other hand, when the local breed was crossed with the other breeds such as Holstein and Jersey, the improvement of TLP was less. Crossing the F1 cows with the Friesian bull gave further improvement. Almost the same trends were found also for LL and DMY. The local breeds and their crosses are raised mainly for draft animals, then it is recommended that the crossbreds between the local cows and Friesian are used for dairy purposes and more than 75% Friesian blood is used for beef.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.157-170
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder feeding by 1% level of concentrate on the fattening cross bred bulls(5/8 Korean Native Cattle, 2/8 Charolais, 1/8 Brahman germ plasma) Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment groups which were T1(Full feeding of concentrate and roughage for 12 months), T2(T1 and Scoria addition), T3(T1 and Quartz porphyry addition) and T4(Oak charcoal addition) for 360 days, consisting of 32 heads whose initially weights were about 299.7kg. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. During the over-all period, average daily gains by T3, T4, T2 and T1 were 1.024, 0.987, 0.977kg and 0.964, respectively, without a significant difference by treatments. 2. Concentrate intakes per body weight and TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram gain were lower in addition agent groups than in control, and in all the treatments feed efficiency was higher at early stage for 360 fattening day than at end stage. 3. Carcass weight, dressing percent, back-fat thickness and loin eye muscle area by treatments were 330.9 to 348.4kg(average 340.3kg), 55.2~56.2(average 55.8%), 0.41~0.55(average 0.46cm)and 76.0~80.9$\textrm{cm}^2$(average 77.6$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively, and were improved in addition agent groups than in control. 4. Meat quality grade is higher in addition agent groups than in control, and heads of 1st grade by treatments was 3, 2, 1 and none in T4, T2, T3 and T1, respectively. 5. Incidence heads of diseases by treatment were not apparently different, but diseases of digestive system was decreased in addition agent groups than in control. 6. The nitrate nitrogen content of fattening bull dung which collected in rectum were 0.082~0.089% (average 0.084%), and the content in addition agent groups was smaller than in controll. 7. Income was higher in order of T4, T3, T2, and T1 and incomes of treatment groups were grater than that of control group by 21.4 to 33.5 percent. According to the above results it may be concluded that fattening bulls may be required to feed no more than 1% of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder based on the concentrate feeding level during the fattening period(12 to 24 month of age) to produce high quality meat and increase income.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of increase through dairy female offspring's ratio by transfer of pre-selected transferrable blastocyst that was produced by pre-selected X-bearing semen with OPU derived oocytes. Elite dairy female cow is demanded strongly compared with male, the so called, farmer wants to produce only an elite female dairy offspring as a candidate female dairy cow for producing milk. In our study, we selected 2 elite dairy bull semen from National Agricultural Cooperative Federation to pre-select X-bearing semen and 5 elite dairy female cows as donor for collecting of OPU derived oocytes. OPU derived embryo production system was carried out an aspiration of immature oocytes from 5 donor cows 2 times per week, total 200 times for 2 to 7 months by an ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration system and then produced in vitro-produced blastocysts by in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. Dairy donor semen selected H-319, 320 bull in National Agricultural Cooperative federation was sorted X-bearing semen by flow-cytometer and frozen for using IVF with OPU derived oocytes. Donor cows were selected 5 elite dairy cows from Gyeongju Dairy Cow Community and then disease tests such as 4 kinds of disease before selecting was checked. Oocyte proportion of grade 1 to 3 from total collected oocytes was significantly lower in donor A and B than those in donor C, D and E (82.16 and 70.03% vs. 90.0, 91.78 and 93.57%), respectively (p<0.05). However, number of oocytes per session in donor A, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor B and D ($7.77{\pm}3.26$, $5.85{\pm}2.10$ and $7.03{\pm}2.14$ vs. $4.68{\pm}2.61$ and $5.21{\pm}1.97$ oocytes), but donor A was significantly higher than donor C (p<0.05). Development to blastocyst in donor B, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor A and D (31.0, 25.0 and 25.0% vs. 14.3 and 4.5%), but donor A was not different in donor C and E (p<0.05). Nine out of 10 blastocysts (90.0%) derived from OPU blastocysts were confirmed male embryos that was induced with Y-bearing semen to confirm sex ratio only. Total 96 blastocysts derived from female bearing semen were transferred into synchronized recipients and then confirmed 42 recipients (43.8%) pregnancy rate, 36 offspring (37.5%) and 91.7% female sex ratio (33 female vs. 3 male offspring). Taken together all data, elite dairy female offspring could be produced effectively by in vitro production system between pre-selected x-bearing semen and OPU derived oocytes that would be influential breeder in the breeding of dairy farm to increase effectively elite dairy offspring ratio as well as net income in the dairy farmer.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

본 연구는 한우초음파생체단층촬영 자료를 이용하여 한우개량을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 실시하였다. 당대검정우 1,125두에 대하여 초음파생체단층 촬영한 자료와 검정성적자료 및 12개월령에 거세한 후 30개월령까지 비육 후 출하하여 도체성적을 조사한 자료를 이용하였으며, 후대검정우는 921두에 대한 검정성적자료와 도체 성적자료를 이용하였다. 12개월령에 측정한 초음파생체단층 촬영 배최장근단면적과 등지 방두께의 유전력은 각각 0.57, 0.41로 추정되었으며, 24개월에서는 각각 0.57, 0.60으로 고도의 유전력을 보였다. 그러나, 초음파 측정 %지방함량 유전력 추정치에서는 12개월령과 24개월령에서 각각 0.14, 0.22로 저 중도의 유전력을 보였다. 12개월령에 초음파생체 단층 촬영한 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, %지방함량과 도체형질의 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도의 유전상관은 각각 0.616, 0.544, 0.501로 추정되었고, 24개월령에서는 각각 0.894, 0.937, 0.263으로 높은 유전상관을 보였다. 12개월령에 측정한 초음파 측정 %지방함량과 근내지방도에서 높은 유전상관으로 추정되었는데, 이는 24개월령에서는 환경적요인(사양기술 등)에 의해 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 사료되며, 선발에 활용할 경우 24개월령 측정치 보다는 12개월령 측정치를 이용하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 12개월령 체중과 도체형질을 이용하여 씨수소를 선발하는 선발지수와 이와 유전상관이 높은 초음파생체단층촬영 자료를 바탕으로 선발하는 선발지수간의 순위상관을 분석한 결과 12개월령에 초음파생체단층 촬영한 자료에서 후보씨수소 선발지수는 0.140, 보증씨수소 선발지수는 0.843으로 높은 순위상관을 보였다. 본 연구결과 실시간으로 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도와 같은 도축하지 않아도 도체성적을 파악할 수 있는 초음파생체단층 촬영 기술의 장점을 이용하여 선발에 활용한다면 근내지방도는 24개월령에 측정하는 것보다 12개월령에 측정하는 것이 더 효율적이라고 사료되어지며, 향후 초음파생체단층기술에 관한 더 많은 연구를 통하여 종축선발에 활용한다면 씨수소의 조기선발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2007

2007년 한․미 FTA 협상 체결로 미국산 쇠고기 수입이 재개된 현재 육질과 가격면에서 우수한 수입육이 늘어나고 있는 상황에서 한우의 경쟁력강화를 위해 많은 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 한우개량농가는 송아지 생산량의 빠른 증가와 송아지 폐사율의 감소로 사육기술이 향상되어지고 있으며, 1993년 이후부터 한우 경쟁력강화를 위해 육질개량에 중점을 두고 거세를 통한 장기 비육으로 1등급이상의 출현율이 점차 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 소비자의 식육패턴도 양적인 측면에서 질적인 측면으로 변화하고 있다. 고급육의 생산은 품종(Course 등, 1989), 성별, 연령(Hunsley 등, 1971) 등에 의하여 결정될 수가 있다. 한우 도체형질에 관한 연구는 국내에서도 최근 박과 박(2002)과 노 등(2004)이 연구 보고하였으나 이는 후대검정우와 후대축들의 도체형질에 관한 연구였으며, 일반 한우 사육농가의 도체형질에 관한 연구는 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 환경효과의 경우 대부분의 연구가 출생년도－계절, 출생지역의 효과를 추정하였으며, 도축년도, 도축계절, 도축지역에 관한 연구는 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반 한우사육농가에서 출하하여 도축한 축산물등급판정소의 등급판정결과를 이용하여 도축년도, 도축계절, 성, 도축지역이 도체형질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 추정하고, 도체형질에 대해 REML(Restricted Maximum Likelihood) 방법으로 유전력 및 유전모수를 추정하여 일반 한우사육농가에서 출하한 개체의 도체형질에 관해 알아봄으로써 후대검정우나 후대축이 아닌 우리나라 전체 도축우에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

본 연구는 백한우 개체 1두에서 성판별된 정자를 제조하고 원하는 성을 가진 후대를 생산하고자 인공수정을 실시하였다. 채정이 가능한 백한우 종모우 1두를 선발하고, 정자 성 분리 전용 유세포 분리기인 MoFlo XDP기기로 성분리 동결정액을 생산하였다. 성분리 X 정자의 농도에 따른 임신율과 출산율을 비교하기 위하여 대조군으로서 KPN 768정액을 이용하였으며 그 총 정자수는 $20{\times}10^6$로 추정되었다. 실험군으로서 성 판별된 백한우 X 정자를 이용하였으며, 정자수 $2{\times}10^6/straw$와 $4{\times}10^6/straw$를 처녀우 한우에 2회 인공수정하였다. 백한우의 정액 기형도는 $24.9{\pm}7.31%$로 관찰되었으며, 중편부 반전 정자기형이 약간 높은 정자로 검사되었다(11.7%). 성판별된 백한우 X-정자수가 $2{\times}10^6/straw$와 $4{\times}10^6/straw$를 인공 수정할 때 실험군에서 임신율의 차이는 없었으며, 보증씨수소 정자를 이용한 대조군의 경우, 임신율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 대조군 KPN 768와 실험군 $2{\times}10^6/straw$ 정자와 $4{\times}10^6/straw$ 정자 처리군에서 임신율은 각각 85.0%, 26.3% 및 50 %로 관찰되었다. 산자 생산율은 각각 80.0%, 15.8% 및 21.4% 로 관찰되었고, 암컷 출현율은 각각 43.8%, 100% 및 100%로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 백한우 성 판별된 정자로 원하는 성을 가진 후대 생산이 가능함을 보여주고 있으며, 성 판별된 정자를 활용하여 원하는 성을 가진 백한우 후대를 생산하는데 최적화된 정자수의 대한 기본 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.179-188
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한우육용화(韓牛肉用化) 개량(改良)에 있어서 가장 중요한 경제형질(經濟形質)인 체중에 대(對)한 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)을 최대(最大)로 증대(增大)시킬 수 있는 적정규모(適正規模)를 산출(産出)하여 한우(韓牛)의 육용능력(肉用能力)을 조기(早期)에 효율적(效率的)으로 개량(改良)할 수 있는 방안(方案)을 제시(提示)하기 위하여 수행되었다. 체중에 대(對)한 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)과 세대별(世代別) 체중평균치의 변화(變化)를 추정(推定)하기 위하여 2재(才)이상의 암소잡균(雜菌)은 매세대(每世代) 675,000두(頭)가 유지(維持)되고 또한 암소는 매년(每年) 15%가 도태(淘汰)된다는 등(等) 몇가지 반정(飯定)아래서 다음과 같은 요인(要因)이 고려(考慮)되었다. 1) 암소 집단중(集團中) 인공수정(人工授精)되는 비율(比率); 30, 40, 50, 60, 70% 2) 종모우(種牡牛) 두당, 년간(年間) 정액(精液) 생산(生産) 수량(數量); 5,000, 7,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000두분(頭分) 3) 종모우(種牡牛)의 평균체중; 480, 520, 560, 600, 640, 680, 720kg/18개월령(個月齡)이다. 본연구(本硏究)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 체중의 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)은 이용(利用)되는 종모우(種牡牛)의 체중에 크게 영향(影響)을 받으며 매세대당유전적개량량은 28.66~36.31kg으로 추정(推定)되었다. 2) 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)의 80~90%는 종모우선발(種牡牛選拔)에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 종모우(種牡牛)의 평균체중이 매세대(每世代)마다 40kg씩 증가(增加)되고 암소의 인공수정(人工授精)되는 비율(比率)이 50%이상으로 확대(擴大)되어지는 경우 5세대(世代)이후에서 수소 및 암소의 체중평균치는 인공수정집단(人工授精集團)에서는 600kg과 520kg, 그리고 전(全) 모집단(母集團)에 있어서는 560kg과 480kg에 도달될 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.