• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2020

As post-harvest processes of onions are carried by a 20 kg-net package which results in high-cost and low-efficiency, especially, the insufficient drying and physical damage of onions after harvesting leads to a huge second loss in storage, we had developed a low-cost, high-efficiency post-harvest bulk handling machinery system by collecting onions on a farm using ton-bags, drying with forced air circulation, and sorting/packaging. The post-harvest bulk handling machinery system consisted of 6 devices, and this study designed an automatic feed hopper with a feeding rate control device, an inclined belt conveyor with a two-step chute, and an automatic pallet unloading device for feeding onions into the sorting/packing line. This study also analyzed the performance and control of the total system. The device had 1-ton handling capacity, but the operational condition was set to increase the capacity. The three-step filling method of pallet by the velocity control of the inclined belt conveyor was applied in the post-harvest bulk handling machinery system for the prevention of physical damage. If one worker was set to operate the total system, the time required to complete one palletized load was approximately 5 minutes and 5 seconds. The calculated daily handling capacity was approximately 94 tons, when the daily actual working time was 8 hours. When the developed system was applied to the managerial size of 2,000 ton, the processing cost per ton of the system was decreased by 19.5%, compared with the existing 20 kg-net package-based handling. The developed post-harvest bulk handling machinery system would be a good substitute for the rapid decline and aging of rural labor.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

Purpose: Postharvest handling of onions (harvesting, cleaning, grading, cooling, storing, and transport) should be performed continually to reduce costs and improve quality. The purpose of this study is to a) determine the design parameters and operating conditions of anion auto-dumping that constitutes a key component of the postharvest bulk handling machinery system, and b) to perform a performance test with the auto-dump prototype system. Methods: Kinematic analyses and computer simulations of the auto-dump mechanism were applied to analyze the operating conditions and design parameters. Results: The optimum working condition for the auto-dump was determined from kinetic analyses. In addition, the interaction between the velocity of the hydraulic cylinder and the angular velocity of the auto-dump were analyzed in order to control the bulk handling machinery system. The acting forces and optimum operating conditions of the hydraulic cylinder were determined by analyzing the forces related to the mass of inertia of the auto-dump assembly during rotation. The method of controlling the feeding rate of onions in terms of the uniformity of the stacking pattern and the control of the entire system was better than the two-stage method of controlling the rotational speed of the auto-dump. Based on the performance test with the prototype for the auto-dump, the stacking pattern and rigidity of the system were analyzed. Conclusions: These results would be of great importance in the postharvest bulk handling machinery system for onions.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.964-978
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• 2015

Numerous experiments with a scaled pilot facility were carried out to compare the relative bulk transfer performance of three special devices for applications to drilling systems. The pipe diameter for bulk transportation was 3 in., which corresponds to around half of the actual system dimensions. Two different pressures, 3 and 4 bar, were considered to check the relative performance under different pressure conditions at a bulk storage tank. And to make a practical estimation method of the bulk transfer rate at the early design stages of the bulk handling system, a series of experiments were conducted for real scaled bulk handing systems of two drilling vessels. The pressure drops at each pipe element as well as the bulk transfer rates were measured under different operating conditions. Using the measured results, the friction factor for each pipe element was calculated and a procedure for transfer rate estimation was developed. Compared to the measured transfer rate results for other drilling vessels, the estimated transfer rates were within a maximum 15% error bound.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 1994

The aim of this paper is the introduction and investigation of the characteristics and outline of self-unloading systems from the bulk handling point of view. Some years of experiences from the building of self-unloading bulk carriers are described hereunder.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.114-129
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• 2010

Busan port's main function is handling container cargo compared to world major ports and the percentage of handling general cargo such as dirty bulk cargo is very low. In other words, although total cargo weight of Busan port that recorded the handling result of 13.29million TEU in 2008 reached 113.05million ton, total cargo weight of general cargo was 15.31million ton, so container cargo accounted for 88.1% of whole cargo weight. However, it is the time to create high added value by the increase of handling and marketing dirty bulk cargo. Originally, the dirty bulk cargo was not the avoided object from the first. Somehow, it is a very high added value cargo, and is surely essential strategic material to basic industries of nation. However, it becomes dirty bulk cargo as the companies are reluctant to handle it because of environmental problem, distinct characteristic in handling, uncertain break even point due to imbalance between supply and demand compared to container cargo. However, items that are classified as dirty bulk cargo now are certainly necessary strategic materials to national basic industries or national life. Besides it seems to be a high added value cargo here and now. Therefore, it is time that increasing of handling dirty bulk cargo by marketing it and the system for efficient handling such as constructing the exclusive use wharf in Busan port, modernizing of facilities and equipments, stable secure of place for holding and handling through development of distribution complex by item, efficient data processing and closer cooperation by setting up a SCM of related authorities are needful.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1989

The objective of this study was to develop a portable auger for handling rough rice in bulk. For this purpose, a system analysis was taken for the systems of harvesting, drying, storage and transportation of rough rice and an optimal handling capacity of portable auger was determined. Then a portable auger of which capacity is 9.2 $m^3/h$ (Indica type rough rice, 19.5%, w.b.) was designed and manufactured by design requirements and tested. Test results showed that the performance of portable auger developed satisfied most design requirements.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.847-851
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• 2008

The handling and processing of agricultural products in Korea is done manually. Small plastic boxes, nets, and corrugated cardboard boxes are used as containers during harvesting, sorting and other product handling operations. However, these practices are labor-intensive, time-consuming, require various kinds of packing materials, and are expensive because of high operating costs. To overcome these problems, the use of pallet bins with pre-cooling and storage features for handling and processing bulk farm products was investigated. The airflow resistances through bulk potato, onion and mandarin stocks were measured, and the pallet bins and a pressure pre-cooling device were manufactured. The opening ratio, bed depth and airflow rate through bulk potato, onion and mandarin in the pallet bin were defined with regression equations. The cooling rates of bulk potato, onion and mandarin were 0.8C/h ($21.7{\rightarrow}0C$, 14.5 h), 0.4C/h ($15.4{\rightarrow}.0C$, 32.2 h) and 0.7C/h ($13.7{\rightarrow}C$, 18.8 h), respectively, with the pressure pre-cooling system. Temperature deviances for storage of bulk potato, onion and mandarin were 0.12C, 0.12C and 0.17C, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 2010

Managing the growing number of data generated through various processes requires the aid of Database Management System (DBMS) to efficiently handle the huge amount of data. These data can be inserted into database m real time or in batch, that come from multiple sources, including those that are coming from inside and outside of a network. The insertion of large amount of data is commonly done through specific bulk loading or insertion function supplied by each individual DBMS. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate on handling data bulk loading for heterogeneous systems that is organised as multi-tiered architecture and compare the result of DBMS bulk loader against program insertion from a software development perspective. We propose a hybrid solution using staging database that can be easily deployed for enhancing bulk loading performance compared to insertion by application.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.460-471
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• 2011

A port has been regarded as a significant contributor to air pollution in the surrounding areas. Port-related air pollutants are released from not only marine vessels, but also various land-side sources at ports, which include cargo handling equipment, vehicles, locomotives, and fugitive dust sources by port activities such as bulk handling and vehicle movements. However, most studies in Korea have only focused on vessel emissions and there is a lack of information on the emissions from other sources at port. In this study, in order to establish the port-related emission inventory and evaluate the relative contribution of these sources to air emissions from the Port of Incheon, the emissions from land-side sources were estimated and the CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) data for vessel emissions were used. In particular, the detailed information and activity data for the cargo handling equipment source were collected and the emission factors and emissions by equipment types were calculated using U.S. EPA methodologies. Total HC, CO, $NO_x$, $PM_{10}$, and $SO_2$ emissions from port-related sources including the vessel in 2007 were calculated as 229 ton/year, 638 ton/year, 4,861 ton/year, 307 ton/year, and 3,995 ton/year, respectively. It was found that the vessel was the largest contributor to air pollutant emissions from the port, the cargo handling equipment was responsible for about from 8% to 13% of HC, CO, and $NO_x$ emissions and the resuspended road dust contributed about 39% for $PM_{10}$ emissions. The results of this study will be used to establish the management and reduction strategies of air pollution in the port.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2001

In the recent years, major ship registers have demanded improved safety on the hull stress of large bulk carriers which are on navigation or cargo handling in harbour. Under these circumstances, a system that monitors hull stress and ship condition is being more and more important. If efficient and appropriate navigational information is given, safety of navigation would be greatly improved. The major ship registers of the globe are investing a great effort on the development of a system that monitors the hull stress of ship. Using this system, information of hull stress and ship motion is given to the users and also the data is stored on the external data storage system simultaneously. Through this study, a software that monitors hull stress was developed. Not only can randomized input-data of the standard hardwares be applied to the system, but also this system can be operated on and applied to real hardware systems.