• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

Building costs means capital costs which include cost of land, cost of acquiring and preparing the site, construction costs, engineering fees, furnishings, cost of financing the project, and cost of management required to run and maintenance the building for use. An economic analysis is one of the most important factor to determine the project feasibility. The purpose of the this study is to analysis on the construction cost structure of steel truss stadium.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficiency by the Life Cycle Cost(LCC) analysis of floor covering materials for remodeling. This study has been performed as a case study. The LCC analysis is a technique which takes account into both initial-future costs and benefits of an investment over some period of time. LCC is important in commercial decision making because it provides improved assessment of the living-term cost effectiveness of construction projects as well as alternative economic methods that focus on initial costs. For LCC analysis and comparison, the present value technique is used. The results of this study are summarized as follows; (1) A LCC analysis model of floor covering materials is suggested through a case study (2) As a result of LCC case study, the type of sheet is analysed more economical than that of tile in floor covering materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2020

In order to calculate construction costs properly, it is necessary to add the weight that reflects different worksite conditions. The implementation of the weight, however, is difficult because it is impossible to determine whether wight should be added in basic work or whether weight values are overlapped. Special worksite conditions further complicate the matter. Furthermore, overlapping implementation of weight values result in overestimation of construction costs. The current study clearly analyzed the weight value items in the current construction cost calculation standards, and analyzed the weight value items included under the basic productivity category to propose an improvement of weight standards. Basically, the estimating standards provide 140 weight value items, with different levels of weight given to each item. Among 1,333 items in the estimating standards, 140 include weight values. Some items have two types of weight values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2012

In this study, the CO₂ emission and economic efficiency of high-rise apartment houses were evaluated, and were analyzed as a way to establish database on the evaluation of environment-friendliness of high-rise buildings. To that end, standard of buildings to be evaluated were proposed through analysis of the designing guideline for high-rise apartment houses proposed by Seoul city, and CO₂ emission of the subject buildings were evaluated based on the characteristics of materials admitted into each building and the amounts of energy consumed during lifecycle period. In addition, the initial costs in construction stage and annual costs in operation stage were set as analysis parameters, and along with calculation of direct cost by the consumption of construction materials and energy, the costs of CO₂ emission were evaluated and analyzed. As a result, the CO₂ emission and economic efficiencies of high-rise apartment houses by construction stage and operation stage could be analyzed quantitatively.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-81
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• 1990

The objective of this is to develop a practical software package to calculate annual energy consumption of HVAC (Heating Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) System in a building. It can quickly estimate loads and energy consumption, and have a function of economic analysis through the estimation of operating cost. Techniques of save energy consumption used in a building are necessary from the stage of design process to operation. The single most significant task is on HVAC Systems. Their installation costs, and related operating costs have enormous influence upon initial and maintenance costs. HVAC designers and engineers now have a wide variety of software choices available, but only a few of them have been developed in this country and no source program has been disclosed. Neither load culculation nor estimation of energy consumption is systematically made by the domestic HVAC design firms. Even though computer improved over the years with a trend of large scale load calculation and system selection through simulaion, the utilization of software nowadays does not make good progress due to lack of working environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a practical software package with which load calculation can be made with ease and kind manner. This study concerns the development of a software package which makes it possible to design HVAC system and save energy consumption in operation. The algorithm used in this program is a Modified Bin Method widely known as a simplified energy analysis means.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

The carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emissions that result from construction are one of the main factors causing a global warming problem. It is therefore necessary to make efforts to reduce $CO_2$ emissions in the construction industry. Some researchers have studied $CO_2$ emissions in the industry ; however, there has been a lack of study on $CO_2$ emissions cost. Therefore, in this study, the construction costs, including the $CO_2$ emission cost, of masonry wall type, which is a common brick wall, concrete brick wall, and fired brick wall, were examined. The purpose of this study is to compare the construction costs of masonry wall types, including $CO_2$ emission costs. The study found that the $CO_2$ emission costs were highest for the fired brick wall, followed by the concrete brick wall. This research could provide basic information that can be used in other engineering methods to convert $CO_2$ emissions to $CO_2$ emission cost.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.749-754
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• 1997

Nowadays domestic building market has undergone several changes. Labor costs are too high and materials are in short supply. These raised building costs and therefore lowered productivity. At this point it is the best way to reduce manual labor and find alternative materials that can improve productivity. In the building process form work take the most part of it. So many formwork systems were developed to reduce the construction period and labor cost. But their technical improvements just limited to adjust form shape-the role of form is not changed. This research developed a new formwork systems that can function to unify or minimze the unit process with cast-in-place type permanent form. In former study (reported in '97 spring seminar), we did the assembling test with column and beam clamps. Furthermore, In this paper, we examined the total systems of form erections and evaluated the structural performances.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.67
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• pp.163-186
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• 2015

This study attempts to analyze the trade costs of domestic firms utilizing the FTAs in terms of burden of expenses in managing the rules of origin. In doing so, we classify the managing costs of FTA rules of origin into three categories (that is, (i) ex ante costs from acquiring necessary information and building the infrastructure in the advance stage before the FTAs, (ii) the actual costs of the origin management in the application stage of FTA preferential treatment, (iii) ex post management cost in the preparation stage of origin verification) and perform a survey on the greater details on each category. Using the comprehensive results from the survey regarding domestic firm's use of FTAs, this paper also discusses the issues related to small and medium-sized firms and addresses the concerns involved with their managing costs of FTA rules of origin. Importantly, this paper emphasizes the importance of government supports to reduce inefficiency induced by the additional costs that domestic firms face in their use of FTAs and proposes the various policy implications regarding the managing costs of rules of origin.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2020

Optimal design of structures against earthquake loads is often limited to reduce initial construction costs, while the cost induced to structures during their useful life may be several times greater than the initial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the indirect costs due to earthquakes in the design process. In this research, an integrated methodology for calculating life cycle cost (LCC) of moment-resisting concrete frames is presented. Increasing seismic safety of structures and reducing human casualties can play an important role in determining the optimal design. Costs incurred for structures are added to the costs of construction, including the costs of reconstruction, financial losses due to the time spent on reconstruction, interruption in building functionality, the value of people's life or disability, and content loss are a major part of the future costs. In this research, fifty years of useful life of structures from the beginning of the construction is considered as the life cycle. These costs should be considered as factors of calculating indirect costs of a structure. The results of this work represent the life cycle cost of a 4 story, 7 story, and 10 story moment-resisting concrete frame by details. This methodology is developed based on the economic conditions of Iran in 2016 and for the case of Tehran city.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2013

Since the amendment of the law on the private sector investment in social infrastructure in January of 2005, the government has been actively promoting Build-Transfer-Lease (BTL) projects. Notably, most new educational facilities have been built as BTL projects. For these facilities, the unit cost per unit area has been applied to predict construction costs. However, since construction costs are mostly managed after the detailed design phase, the costs can be estimated incorrectly. For this reason, cost management is needed in the planning phase, with a sound approximate estimate to prevent the wasteful use of funds. To address this shortcoming, this study aims to develop a quantity prediction model for education facilities using regression analysis in the planning phase. The developed model is focused on the required quantities of reinforced concrete and bricks. In order to achieve the objective, the data of 44 educational facility projects collected from Gyeonggi-do was used in the regression model. This study can be utilized by major stakeholders to accurately predict construction costs by estimating the appropriate quantities of reinforced concrete and bricks in the planning design phase.