• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1094-1099
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• 2005

Nowadays the Design-Build Delivery Method in public sector has been remarkably grown up in applying owing to its merits such as shortening construction duration. The Fast-Track is the wide-using method for accelerating schedule at Design-Build projects. But the public agency is in trouble to execute Fast-Track because of the lack of guideline for its process. As a result, in some cases applying Fast-Track methods, cost and construction duration are increased more than cases of non-Fast-Track projects. In this study, through the questionnaire surveys to professionals having actual implementation experiences as a construction manager, owner or general contractor, key success vehicles of Fast-Track are induced.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.397-402
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• 2005

Professional Construction Management (PCM) services have become more and more popular in Taiwan in the past decade. However, disputes between PCM consultant and the client on the performance of PCM services are also increasing. The evaluation of PCM performance is a tough task due to the lack of "physical product", such as the drawings finished by the architect. This paper is intended to propose a PCM performance evaluation system (PPES) based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC). A case study of PCM consultancy for a real world design/build project is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed BSC framework

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1993

In heavy industries forces which are exceeding the range of available force standard machines have to be measured. Force measuring system using build-up procedure can be applied to measure large forces efficiently. In this study strain gage type force sensors are designed and fabricated, and the build-up force measuring system with 4.5 MN capacity using the developed force sensors is 0.03% or less over the range of 600 kN .approx. 1.5 MN and the force measuring system is less than 0.06% or less over the range of 500 kN .approx. 4.5 MN.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.195-217
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• 1985

A statistical analysis on the ratio of weight-for-height in insurance medicine was carried out in a total of 12,690 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam medical department, Dong Bang life insurance company, ltd. from June, 1979 to February, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of the ratio of weight-for-height(W/H ratio) was $102.3{\pm}11.3%$ in all males, and $105.2{\pm}103.6%$ in all females. The difference of the values between males and females showed statistical significance(P<0.001). The mean value of W/H ratio in all the insureds was $103.8{\pm}12.9%$. In each age group, the mean value of female was higher than that of male without exception(P<0.001). The mean value of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age except for the age group over 50(P<0.001). 2. The incidences of the average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives were respectively 91.6% in all males, 84.2% in all females(P<0.001); 7.9% in all males, 15.4% in all females(P<0.001); 0.5% in all males, 0.4% in all females(P>0.05). The incidences of average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives in all the insureds were respectively 87.6%, 12.0% and 0.5%. The incidence of the average weighted lives in male in each age group was always higher than that in female with the exception of the age group below 19(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives in male in each age group was always lower than that in female(P<0.05 in the age group below 19, P<0.001 in the other age groups). The incidence of average weighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual decrease with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001). 3. The relative frequency distribution polygons of W/H ratio of both sexes drawn in a pair on one coordinate plane revealed lying in juxtaposition each other horizontally and showed the shifting of female's polygon to male's one toward the direction of greater value of W/H ratio at a short distance which increased gradually with age. 4. Correlations between both sexes and among age groups relating to W/H ratios of the insureds seem to be a physiological phenomenon of body build and should be considered on the rating of the build. Author prepared a rating table of build based on the correlations above menthioned. Some gradients by sex and age in the rating table of build are organized; in female group, the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of 80-125%, $126{\sim}145%,\;146{\sim}165%$ and over 166% respectively in the age group of 29 or under, by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}130%,\;131{\sim}150%,\;151{\sim}170%$ and over 171% respectively in the age group of $30{\sim}59$, and by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}135%,\;136{\sim}155%,\;156{\sim}175%$ and over 176% respectively in the age group of 60 or over. In male group, the ratings of 0, $30{\sim}50$, 50-100, and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}120%,\;121{\sim}140%,\;141{\sim}160%$ and over 161% respectively in all ages. Of under weighted lives, in both sexes, the ratings of 30-50 and 50-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $76{\sim}79%$ and under 75% respectively. The results of the ratings according to a rating table by author were as follows: The incidence of the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D showed no difference between male and female. The incidence of the ratings of 0(indicating the average weighted lives) showed gradual decrease with age and the incidence of the ratings of 30-50 and 50-100(indicating the overweighted lives) showed gradual increase with age. These results are thought to be considerably reasonable because the incidence of the builds in each age group is supposed to have no difference by sex and the incidence of the overweighted lives would increase with age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.294-298
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• 2003

Recently, Design-build project as delivery system public construction sector tends to be increased according to the Masterplan for promotion of construction technologies, and construction projects are increasing their complexity, variety and scale. And owner's requirements become various. Preliminary design for design eligibility judging of design-build has been designed excessively to get a good point and this tendency includes the elements which is capable of wasting the budget. Because of excessive design, owners require to apply VE study into the design development phase but in the Design-build system, VE application has not been of no effect that owners expect, owing to the characters of lum-sum contracts. The purpose of this study is to propose the plan for effective application of VE in the design development phase in order to solve the problems such as excessive design of preliminary design in the design-build project. This study established plans for VE application through investigating and analyzing VE application case and then proposed the applications in the aspect of regulations and contracts, parties participated in project, VE operation through research for verification of usefulness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1996

Purpose : This study was performed for adequate irradiating tumor area when 6 MV linear accerelator photon was used to treat the head and neck tumor. The skin surface dose and maximum build-up region was measured by using a spoiler which was located between skin surface and collimator. Methods : A spoiler was made of tissue equivalent material and the skin surface dose and maximum build-up region was measured varing with field size, thickness of spoiler and interval between skin and collimator. The results of skin surface dose and maximum build-up dose was represented as a build-up ratio and it was compared with dose distribution by using a bolus. Results : The skin surface dose was increased with appling spoiler and decreased by distance of the skin-spoiler separation. The maxium build-up region was 1.5 cm below the skin surface and it was markedly decreased near the skin surface. By using a 1.0-cm thickness spoiler, Dmax moved to 5, 10.2, 12.3 13.9 and 14.8 mm from the skin surface by separation of the spoiler from the skin 0, 5, 10, 15. 20 cm, respectively. Conclusion : The skin surface dose was increased and maximum build-up region was moved to the surface by using a spoiler. Therefore spoiler was useful in treating by high energy photon in the head and neck tumor.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2014

We evaluated the effect of scatter on a build-up region based on the measured percent depth dose (PDD) of high-energy photon beams that penetrated a handmade build-up modifier (BM) as a substitute of bolus. BM scatter factors ($S_{BM}$) were calculated based on the PDDs of photon beams that penetrated through the BM. The calculated $S_{BM}$ values were normalized to 1 at the square field side (SFS) of 30 mm without a BM. For the largest SFS (200 mm), the SBM values for a 6-MV beam were 1.331, 1.519, 1.598, 1.641, and 1.657 for the corresponding BM thickness values. For a 10-MV beam, the $S_{BM}$ values were 1.384, 1.662, 1.825, 1.913, and 2.001 for the corresponding BM thickness values. The BM yielded 76% of the bolus efficiency. We expect BM to become useful devices for deep-set patient body parts to which it is difficult to apply a bolus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.414.2-414.2
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• 2016

The optimal configuration of a transmutation reactor based on a low aspect ratio tokamak is determined using coupled analysis of tokamak systems and neutron transport. The inboard radial build of the reactor components is obtained from plasma physics and engineering constraints, while outboard radial builds are mainly determined by constraints on a neutron multiplication, a tritium-breeding ratio, and a power density. It is shown that a breeding blanket model has an impact on the radial build of a transmutation blanket. A burn cycle has to be determined to limit a fast neutron fluence of a plasma facing material below a radiation damage limit.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-86
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• 2000

Recently many organizations have attempted to build hypermedia systems to expand their working areas to internet-based virtual work places. It is thus important to manage corporate hypermedia documents effectively. Metadata play a critical role for managing these documents. This paper identifies metadata roles and components to build its schema. Furthermore a meta-information system HyDoMiS(Hyperdocument Meta-information System) is proposed by the use of this metadata schema. HyDoMiS performs three functions; metadata management search and reporting The metadata management function is concerned with workflow document and database. The system is more likely to help implement and maintsain hypermedia information system effectively.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

This paper presents rationales for a network centric organization and their impacts on organizational effectiveness. A network centric organization shows characteristics that may be used to improve organizational effectiveness and process innovations. However, some conditions are to be satisfied to build a network centric organization. This paper summarizes such pre-conditions for a network centric organization. Korea is evaluated to be a good place to build a network centric organization because of its successful adoption of IT.