• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2010

Attractiveness of different amounts of methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the aggregation pheromone of brown-winged stink bug, Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was tested using different kinds of dispensers. A lure filled with hexane was used as a control treatment. There were no differences in the attractiveness of the pheromone to P. stali and Halyomorpha halys among dispensers (polyethylene-vial, rubber septum, and polyethylene tube). Traps baited with 7, 20, 40, 50, and 60 mg of pheromone were tested for their attractiveness. For females, the 40 mg trap attracted highest number of P. stali, even though there were no significant differences among pheromone amounts. For males, the 40 and 50 mg traps attracted significantly more bugs than the 7, 20, and 60 mg traps and the control traps. Based on these results, the pheromone dispenser impregnated with 40 mg of pheromone will be practical in monitoring P. stali in the field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 1995

The functional responses of the female Cyrtorhinus lividipennis on brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, eggs and their predation behavior were investigated at six temperature conditions; 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, and $35^{\circ}C$. C. lividipennis was found to prefer young BPH eggs, especially 3-day-old eggs the most. The functional responses for female C. lividipennis on BPH eggs fitted the Holling's Type-I true predator-prey Rogers' (1972) model at all temperatures tested except $35^{\circ}C$ at which the negative Th value was produced. With the temperature increased up to 32$^{\circ}C$, the instantaneous attacking rate(a) increased from 0.1923 at $20^{\circ}C$ to 0.5085 at $32^{\circ}C$, while the handling time (Th) was gradually decreased as low as 0.0151 at $32^{\circ}C$. C. lividipenis preferred the BPH eggs laid on the upper part of rice stem when the BPH egg density was high, but there was no significant difference in the preference when the egg density was low. The preference was more obvious in high temperature conditions such as above 29$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1999

Orius strgicollis Poppius is an endemic natural enemy of thrips recently found. To estimatethe optimum temperature for rearing in laboratory, development and oviposition of 0. strigicollis wasstudied at 15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}$C with a 16L : 8D photoperiod and 60-80% RH. Cotton aphid, Aphisgossipyii, was supplied as prey. Total number of eggs laid per female ranged from 39.1 to 68.5 with thehighest at 25$^{\circ}$C. Adult longevity decreased as temperature increased, and the reverse was true for eggsurvivorship. Survivorship of larvae was 26.7,43.3, 76.7 and 46.7% at 15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}$C, respectively.Duration of eggs and larvae at tested temperatures ranged from 3.4 days to 18.9 days and from 9.4 days to45.6 days, respectively. A linear regression model could describe development of the predator as afunction of temperature (R2=0.949-0.997). The lower developmental threshold temperatures for egg,larvae, and total immature stage were estimated to be 12.4, 11.4, and 11.6"C, respectively.6"C, respectively.vely.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 2014

Toxicity of several insecticides was tested against the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and adult Gymnosoma rotundatum (Diptera: Tachinidae) in a sweet persimmon orchard. H. halys was captured using black light traps and G. rotundatum adults were collected using sticky traps lured with an aggregation pheromone, methyl-(E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate of Plautia stali. Five insecticides, namely, bifenthrin 2 WP, buprofenzine+dinotefuran (20+15) WP, clothianidin 8 SC, dinotefuran 10 WP, and thiamethoxam 10 WP, were moderately toxic to G. rotundatum, resulting in 55.3% to 74.3% mortality. Bifenthrin 2 WP caused 93.1% mortality at 72 h within cages as a residual toxicity, and others caused varied mortalities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests parasite and predator is a chronic problem in sericulture. Silkworms and its primary food plants are heavily damaged by large number of pest. The major pests of primary tasar food plants (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa) are the gall insect (Trioza fletcheri minor). Various species of aphids (Eutrichosiphum sp.) have been recorded to damage oak tasar food plants whereas muga silkworm host plants (Machilus bombycina and Litsaea polyantha) are generally attacked by stem bores (Zeuzera multistrigata). Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the primary host plant of eri silkworm and extensive damage is caused by the castor white fly (Trialeurodes ricini). Insects pests are major enemies of silkworms. Parasites (Blepharipa zebina, Exorista bombycis, Apateles glomeratus), predators (Canthecona furcellata, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla), wasps (Vespa orientalix) and ants (Oecophylla smargdina) continues to cause damage to silk industry. It is estimated that the losses due to parasites and predators are to an extent of 15-20 percent and varies from crop to crop. The complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of pest population existing in semi ecosystem warrant a special attention for their effective management specially in changing scenario for our modern sericulture. Though use of synthetic insecticides has provided us with effective control of almost all major pests and predators, yet their undesirable side effects limit their continued use. Biological control is one of the most important method which can be used to control the pests, parasites and predators population in sericulture. Various potential parasitoids, which can be utilized as an agent of biological control in sericulture have been screened. The natural enemies of the uzi fly (E. bombycis and B. zebina ) are already present in the nature. Nesolynx thymus, Trichria sp., Splangia endius, Dirhinus sp., Trichopria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena and Pediobius sp. are the major parasitoids effective against uzi fly pupa. The scelionid Psix striaticeps and Trissolcus sp. are the Potential egg Parasitoids against stink bug (Canthecona furcellata). Various other native natural potential parasitoids have been screened and suitable strategies have been developed to check the population of pest insect in sericulture.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.453-470
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• 2013

In this paper, we consider a Bayesian analysis of the dose-effect relationship of cadmium to evaluate a benchmark dose(BMD). For this purpose, two dose-response curves commonly used in the toxicity study are fitted based on Bayesian methods to the data collected from the scientific literature on cadmium toxicity. Specifically, Bayesian meta-analysis and hierarchical modeling build an overall dose-effect relationship that use a piecewise linear model and Hill model, where the inter-study heterogeneity and inter-individual variability of dose and effect such as gender, age and ethnicity are accounted. Estimation of the unknown parameters is made by using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm based user-friendly software WinBUGS. Benchmark dose estimates are evaluated for various cut-offs and compared with different tested subpopulations with with gender, age and ethnicity based on these two Bayesian hierarchical models.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

The stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff.) is a natural and potential biocontrol agent of Spilarctia obliqua (Walk.). The present investigation reveals the biology, predatory efficiency and reproductive parameters of the predator which feeds on S. obliqua caterpillars in mulberry plantation. In order to find out the role of prey sine on the biology of the predators the predatory insects were separately fed with small and large caterpillars of S. obliqua. The incubation period of the eggs of E. furcellata was 8.37${\pm}$0.44 days, while the nymphal duration varied as per the prey sine. The predator when supplied with small larvae of prey, consumed 61.1 larvae and completed nymphal stage in 19.9 days; while those fed with larger prey, consumed 36.1 larvae and completed their nymphal stage in 21.55 days. The prey size also influences the reproductive parameters of the predator, The adult female predator is more voracious feeder than the adult male and consumed 41.9${\pm}$0.64 small larvae and 42.2${\pm}$0.87 large larvae during their life span. The longevity of male and female was observed as 20.7 and 29.4 days respectively. Visualization of the predator as well as the movement of the prey increases the predatory efficiency. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the feeding part explain its support in effective predation. Field observations indicated a drastic fall in the incidence of the mulberry pest, S. obliqua with the increased population E. furcellata in mulberry plantation.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

The bean bug Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera: Alydidae) is an important pest, causing serious yield loss in soybean. But the information on mechanism of resistance to R. clavatus is limited. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs for R. clavatus resistance using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in a soybean population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross PI 171451 ${\times}$ Hwaeomputkong. A genetic map from this population was constructed with a total of 136 SSR markers covering 1073.9 cM on 20 linkage groups (LGs). With 126 $F_5$ RILs, two independent QTLs for resistance to R. clavatus were mapped on LGs B1 and C2. The amount of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 12 to 16%. PI 171451 showed an escape response to R. clavatus. Under feeding conditions, 14.4% of RILs showed greater resistance to R. clavatus than the resistant parent. The resistance to R. clavatus in soybean from PI 171451 was incomplete and quantitatively inherited and the QTLs for resistance to R. clavatus detected in the RIL population were not significantly affected by epistatic interactions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.431-439
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• 2016

Designers are implementing the trial for enhancing human happiness and quality of life. As the happiness factor experienced by each individual is diverse based on human economic growth, absolute design has reached the limitations. A tool to represent the speedy development of change in consumption and problem shooting methods is necessary. Currently, no tool exists that develops in response to changing conditions and subsequent changes. As the solution to this necessity, worm's metamorphosis would be meaningful in design whereby tools exist and necessity as well as solution methods are in advanced change. Rice continues growth following the season, and no single method exists to remove the germs and worms. This study clarified the problems to be resolved by staging the lifetime of rice in 5 stages in environmental changes and conditions. This worm in metamorphosis design is developing brilliantly in biotechnology. However, the environment and conditions that bring happiness to humans do evolve, and this study aims to be the academic research for the design which accordingly replaces the tools.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.239-252
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• 2003

High quality software is the one that has an excellent performance with a low price, consumer's request satisfaction and less bug. In addition, it should have structure easily maintainable. CBD(Component Based Development)technology is getting more popular as a method for software development which can satisfy all above conditions. Although there are a lot of test methods about component for composition, function, compatibility and reliability, it's not enough to ensure that the component has reliability, maintainability, and reusability, so an integated method are necessary. In this paper, we are going to propose the solution model for integrating components, which are based on UML (Unified Modeling Language) technologies. This model can extract existing faults in the component interfaces by referencing sequence diagram and collaboration diagram.