• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2006

Bud6p is a component of a polarisome that controls cell polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we investigated the role of the Candide albicans Bud6 protein (CaBud6p) in cell polarity and hyphal development. CaBud6p, which consists of 703 amino acids, had 37% amino-acid sequence identity with the Bud6 protein of S. cerevisiae. The homozygous knock-out of CaBUD6 resulted in several abnormal phenotypes, such as a round and enlarged cells, widened bud necks, and a random budding pattern. In hypha-inducing media, the mutant cells had markedly swollen tips and a reduced ability to switch from yeast to hypha. In addition, a yeast two-Hybrid analysis showed a physical interaction between CaBud6p and CaAct1p, which suggests that CaBud6p may be involved in actin cable organization, like Bud6p in S. cerevisiae. Taken together, these results indicate that CaBud6 plays an important role in the polarized growth of C. albicans.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.987-993
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• 2020

This study investigated the effective harvest of 'Kyoho' grapevines by examining their characteristics including bud development, necrosis types and flower primordium formation. The size of the axillary bud did not show any difference in the 5th node or more, but it was smaller because it was closer to the base in the 4th node or less. In the 1st node, the rates of main bud necrosis (MBN), accessory bud necrosis (ABN), and whole bud necrosis (WBN) were high, and the rate of flower primordium formation was low, but there was no significant difference in the other nodes. Therefore, it was expected that using other nodes than the 1st node would be advantageous to secure production. Because the growth progresses after sprouting, the main bud necrosis rate increases, showing a very low flower primordium formation rate in March of the following year. Therefore, a method is needed to increase the storage nutrients in the winter and the rate of flower primordium formation after March. This study found that the thickness of the shoots should be less than 8.5 mm between the 3rd and 4th nodes, and the length should be less than 60 cm for nodes up to the 10th node.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 1968

Using several varieties of Cymbidium, investigations were carried out to make clear how the protocormic tissue develops from the cultured explant. Explant to be cultured were prepared in several ways: exclusively apical meristem, apical meristem dissected out with the basal part attached, axillary bud primordia in their initial stage of development, or apical or axillary bud dissected out as a whole etc. It was observed that protocorms or protocormic tissues were developed from the explant's meristematic tissues regardless of where these tissues were located. Apical meristem, leaf primordia, leaf axil, or internodal part of young bud turned easily protocormic, while the scaly leaves of axillary bud or stem tissue of mother shoot turned quickly brwonish and died away. Both in axillary and apical bud explant alike, whether they were cultured whole or divided, some took quickly green color while others were slower, and some developed protocorms easily while others remained unchanged for months. Varietal difference as well as environmental factors seemed to be responsible for it. Further details should be clarified by histogenetical investigations.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2001

Virus disease occurred up to 62% in average in the greenhouse production of table tomato Seokwang in Suwon, Korea. From symptomatic transition of the labeled tomatoes, two different symptoms, mosaic and bud necrosis, were developed independently. Cucumber mosaic virus necrosis strain (CMV-N) was isolated from table tomato showing bud necrosis symptoms. The isolate caused the bud necrosis on four tomato cultivars and locally infected Chenopodium spp. and Vicia faba by mechanical inculation. The 5th RNA segment, satellite RNA, was identified from CMV-N-infected plants by dsRNA analysis. Crystals of virus particles were observed in cytosols and vacuoles. The virus particles of CMV-N presented abundantly in xylem vessel.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 1961

Free amino acids at five different developemntal stages (Gastrulation-Hatching -out stage) of Hynobius leechi BOULENGER were analyzed qualitatively by the use of paper paitition chromatography. It was found that the number of free amino acids increased as the development proceeded. The free amino acids identified at each stages are as follows : Gastrulation stage : Alaninie, Aspartic acid, Glutamin acid, Histidine, Methionine. Neural plate formation stage : Alanine , Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Histidine, MEthionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Trypotophan. Middle tail-bud stage : Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine,Aspartic acid, Citrulline, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Histidie,Hydroxyproline, Proline, Leucine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan. Late tail-bud stage : Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Citrulline, Glutamic acid. Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Leucine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine. Hatching -out stage : the same with the late tail-bud stage. It seems probable that the metabolic systems of amino acids before and after the middle tail-bud stage are quite different from each other. Before the middle tail=-bud stage, the reaction system of amino acids is thought not to be completed while after that stage the system has been completed , because in the former period of the development , the number of freeamino acids increased rapidly with the development , and after that stage, there is practically no change in the number of free amino acids.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the cumulative effect of low temperature on bud dormancy release and bud break characteristics in 'Campbell Early' grapevine (Vitis labruscana B.) cuttings grown in water culture. Additionally, we observed the development of buds while exposed to low temperatures in an attempt to improve our understanding of dormancy and bud break. The shoots were collected 120 days after full bloom (DAFB; leaf abscission period), and the accumulated chill unit (CU) value was calculated by reducing the temperature to $7.2^{\circ}C$ at 125 DAFB. The rate of bud break was 100% in shoots collected at 150 DAFB, The period until the first bud break was two times longer than in the shoots collected 165 DAFB, and bud break speed was significantly reduced. These results indicate that buds are released from endodormancy after 165 DAFB, because at this point the bud break was complete (bud break rate 100%) and it occurred in a very short time period. During this period, when the low-temperature accumulated value was 321h and 442CU according to the CH and Utah models, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate of main buds decreased rapidly after 165 DAFB, and survival rate of accessory buds was maintained at more than 90% without seasonal differences. The rate of flower bud formation of main buds was much higher than in accessory buds (1:0.23) before the release from endodormancy at 150 DAFB. The final ratio of accessory buds to main buds was high, 1:1.54, at 255 DAFB. Correlation analysis of each investigated factor revealed that bud survival rate and bud formation rate were related only for the main buds, and there was a close relationship between the survival rate of main bud and time. In addition, the survival rate of main buds was positively correlated to the rate of flower bud formation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2008

This study was carried out to determine the availability of development rate(DVR) model for predicting bud break time of 'Niitaka' pear. In addition, the study also assessed the effect of an increase in temperature on predicting bud dormancy breaking time in winter season. The DVR model, which was developed for 'Kosui' pear, illustrated that the bud break time(e.g., Dec. 12-Dec. 19) of 'Niitaka' pear observed in the field corresponded to the predicted bud break time by DVR model. This result indicates that the bud break time of 'Niitaka' pear can be predicted by DVR model tuned for 'Kosui' pear. As the temperature increased during the winter season, the bud break time was delayed. Chilling requirement deficiency for the bud break time is expected in Jeju Province when the temperature increased above $4^{\circ}C$ in winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2021

Yacon [Samallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson], a member of Compositae plants, has sweet taste and crisp texture. Unlike other Andean root crops such as potato and sweet potato, the cultivation area of yacon has increased recently, since it is known to have large content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Since there are no yacon varieties bred in Korea, we have been trying to create new genetic resources using gamma-ray. The optimal gamma-ray dosage for mutation breeding in yacon was investigated. Crown bud and green bud of yacon were exposed to doses of gamma rays from 20 Gy to 80 Gy, and subsequently planted in a greenhouse. After 50 days of sowing, the survival rates and growth decreased rapidly at doses above 40 Gy, while all of crown bud individuals died above 60 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD50) of crown bud and green bud was 22.4 and 36.6 Gy, and the median reduction doses (RD50) for plant height, fresh weights, and tuberous root weight were 20-40 Gy, respectively. A dose of 20-40 Gy was found to be optimal for mutation breeding in yacon. Considering the growth factors, the optimum doses were determined to be within the range of 20-40 Gy for the selection of useful mutant lines. M2-M3 mutant lines were obtained from 20-60 Gy gamma-ray-irradiated M1 plants through clonal propagation. These mutant lines will be used for the development of a new variety of yacon plant with high FOS and no crack tuberous root.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2011

This study aims to identify the cause for low appearance of flowers in 'Heukgoosul' grapevines, and determine basic characteristics of the axillary buds and types of necrosis in order to find out their influence on necrosis. As for $1^{st}$ to $4^{th}$ node, the closer buds were located to cane, the smaller the size of buds became. However, there was no difference in the size of an axillary bud in the upper part of the shoot above the 4th node. The bud necrosis occurrence in the $1^{st}$ node was the highest with 32% while buds in $4^{th}$ to $10^{th}$ node were normal with 84~96%. The size of buds in July was the largest with 6.40 mm, while buds showed no difference from August to October. The bud necrosis and main bud necrosis occurred most frequently in October, however accessory bud necrosis took place from July demonstrating no difference since then. The analysis on the relationship between shoot vigor and necrosis of axillary buds showed that the shoot diameter and internodes' length have no co-relationship with axillary bud necrosis, but there were negative relationship between the size of buds and necrosis occurrence, which was the most related to accessory bud necrosis. Therefore, despite the low occurrence of bud necrosis and healthy buds in 'Heukgoosul' grapevines, there was little appearance of flowers in the grapevines, which was attributable to the necrosis in the first bud. In conclusion, the research suggests spur pruning with three nodes kept intact yield.