• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.114-123
• /
• 1997

Background : To assess the diagnostic role of bronchoscopic lavage for the evaluation of pneumonia in intensive care unit(ICU), the results were compared to blind endobronchial specimen. Method : From September 1993 to August 1996, twenty-eight ICU patients suspected pneumonia on the basis of clinical evidence and performed bronchoscopy under the diagnostic or therapeutic purpose were studied retrospectively for the clinical findings including culture of bronchoscopic and blind endobronchial specimen. Bronchoscopic specimen was got through small amount of bronchoalveolar lavage with 20-40ml saline, one or two times on the suspected site. Results : l. Main reasons of ICU admission were respiratory and impending respiratory failure Nosocomial pneumonia was most common with 16 cases; each for community acquired and immunocompromised type with 6 cases. Diagnostic purpose of bronchoscopy was performed in 20 cases as 71 percent in total, whereas therapeutic removal of secretion in 8 cases. The complication during bronchoscopic evaluation was trivial. 2. The agreement between blind endobronchial and bronchoscopic specimen on microbial culture was only 39.3 percent. However, 2 cases each for aspergillosis and tuberculosis were diagnosed under bronchoscopic evaluation. 3 The application of mechanical ventilation occured significantly frequently in multidrug resistant pneumonia compared with other pneumonia in terms of bronchoscopic specimen. 4. The application of mechanical ventilation was significantly common in nosocomial pneurmonia compared with other types of pneumonia. Conclusion : The selective bronchoalveolar lavage and therapeutic removal of bronchial secretion with bronchoscopy in ICU patient accompanying pneumonia is a very useful tool with safety. The multidrug resistant pneumonia or nosocomial pneumonia could be closely associated with the use of mechanical ventilation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2002

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is a disorder in which an insoluble, proteinaceous material, rich in phospholipids, is deposited in the alveoli and bronchioles. The deficiency in the clearance and degradation of the intra-alveolar phospholipoproteinaceous material in PAP most likely represents a dysfunction of the type II pneumocytes. Although the pathogenesis and causative treatment of PAP is unclear a whole lung bronchopulmonary lavage is a relatively safe and effective treatment. Here we experienced a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a 62 year old female patient who had pulmonary tuberculosis approximately 20 years ago. She complained of aggravated dyspnea and chronic cough, and presented fine inspiratory crackles at both lung fields, diffuse ground glass opacity with some area of consolidation and smooth interlobular septal thickenings in both upper, right middled lobes, and a portion of right lower lobe. Optical microscopy of the lung tissue obtained by and open lung biopsy revealed many granulomas containing acid-fast smear positive bacilli and diffuse homogeneous PAS-positive fluid in the alveolar space. Immunohistochemical stain showed surfactant. A in the alveolar space. Antituberculosis drugs with bronchoalveolar lavage were used to treat the disease. Thereafter she showed improvement in her symptoms and a partial improvement in the chest X-ray and HRCT findings. We present a case of PAP associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 1991

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme which is essential for the differentiation of lymphoid cells, especially T-cells and ADA plays a role in the maturation of monocyte to macrophage. Therefore ADA levels are related to stimulation of cellular immunity. We have investigated the measurement of ADA activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patients with active and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and control group. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The ADA activity and corrected ADA activity from the BAL fluid in active tuberculosis group (Total Lavage ADA; $18.4{\pm}22.5\;mU$, Total Lavage ADA/Albumin; $2.45{\pm}1.61\;mU/mg$) were increased when compared with those in inactive tuberculosis (TL-ADA; $5.8{\pm}2.5\;mU$, TL-ADA/Alb; $1.83{\pm}O.53\;mU/mg$) and control (TL-ADA; $6.6{\pm}4.3\;mU$, TL-ADA/Alb; $1.62{\pm}0.60\;mU/mg$) groups. 2) The ADA activity and lavage ADA/serum ADA activity ratio in BAL fluid from the lesion site (TL-ADA; $42.9{\pm}42.3\;mU$, L-ADA/S-ADA; $0.53{\pm}0.32$) were increased when compared with those from the non-lesion site (TL-ADA; $12.5{\pm}11.2\;mU$, L-ADA/S-ADA; $0.29{\pm}0.12$)and normal side (TL-ADA; $12.7{\pm}11.0\;mU$, L-ADA/S-ADA; $0.34{\pm}0.27$) in active tuberculosis group. 3) The ADA activity in BAL fluid from far advanced group (TL-ADA; $62.5{\pm}30.3\;mU$) was increased when compared with those from the mild group (TL-ADA; $10.5{\pm}7.5\;mU$) and moderate advanced group (TL-ADA; $13.2{\pm}11.7\;mU$) in active tuberculosis. 4) The albumin level from the BAL fluid was correlated with the ADA activity (R=0.89). 5) The ADA activity recovered from the BAL fluid was correlated with the recovered lymphocyte percentage (R=0.60). In conclusion, the ADA activity from the BAL fluid in active tuberculosis group was increased when compared with that in inactive tuberculosis and control groups, especially from the lesion site. To evaluated the specificity of ADA determination for diagnosis of active tuberculosis, BAL must be done at lesion site of the diseased lung and the proper correcting material other than albumin must be chosen to correct the dilution factor of lavage fluid.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.20-35
• /
• 2008

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Curcuma longa Rhizoma(CLR) on asthma. Methods : Detecting splenocyte proliferation rates, cytokines and antigen specific antibody isotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, the present author I also investigated changes in spleen and histopathological changes of lung tissues. Results : Oral administration of CLR lowered spleen weight and splenocyte proliferation rates. In addition, levels of IL-4, IL-17A and Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor(GM-CSF), Th2 driven cytokines, were lowered respectively and IFN-g, and Th1 driven cytokine, were elevated by CLR. Levels of Ovalbumin(OVA) specific IgE and IgGl in BALF were also lowered by oral administration of CLR too. Conclusion : CLR is useful to treat patients with asthma and the mechanisms are related to the in suppression of Th2 skewing reactions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.683-686
• /
• 2008

$\beta$-Glucans, which were isolated from sangwhang (Phellinus linteus), were subjected to reductive amination and the biological properties of the derivative were investigated. The degree of substitution of the aminated sangwhang $\beta$-glucan was calculated by elemental analysis to be 1.13. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) experiments showed that the aminated derivative increased nitric oxide production. In addition, the amination enhanced in vitro cytotoxic activities against HT1080 and SNU-C2A cell lines. Thus, the aminated derivative is shown to enhance immune systems by the incorporation of amino groups into the polymer structure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.74 no.2
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2013

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a severe and rapidly progressive lung disease that can cause fatal respiratory failure. Since this disease exhibits totally different clinical features to other eosinophilic lung diseases (ELD), it is not difficult to distinguish it among other ELDs. However, this can be similar to other diseases causing acute respiratory distress syndrome or severe community-acquired pneumonia, so the diagnosis can be delayed. The cause of this disease in the majority of patients is unknown, even though some cases may be caused by smoke, other patients inhaled dust or drugs. The diagnosis is established by bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment with corticosteroids shows a rapid and dramatic positive response without recurrence.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 1998

These experiment was carried out to investigate the pulmonary lesions and the function of alveolar macrophages in rats exposed to cement dusts. 1. The number of total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL) increased remarkably in 1st month. As time goes by, tend to less and less in numbers. 2. The number of neutrophil and lymphocytes obtaining from the total cell of BAL increased remarkably in first month, but as time goes by, they tended to grow less and less in number. Macrophages decreased gradually after being temporarily augmentation. 3. Histipathologically, the thickening of alveolar walls, alveolar interstitial, and infiltrated macrophages containing cement dusts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.72 no.2
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 2012

We report a rare case of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium terrae in a previously healthy woman. A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a chronic cough with sputum. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed bronchiolitis in conjuction with bronchiectasis in both lungs. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified and isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from each lung. All isolates were identified as M. terrae by various molecular methods that characterized the rpoB and hsp65 gene sequences. Antibiotic therapy using clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol improved the patient's condition and successfully resulted in sputum conversion.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2006

BACKGROUND : Socheongryong-Tang(小靑龍湯, SCRT), a herbal medicine, has been widely used for the control of respiratory disease in Eastern countries. Recent years SCRT was known as anti-allergic agent. However, its therapeutic mechanisms, especially an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in allergic asthma are unclear. METHODS : We investigated the effects of SCRT on levels of IL-4, and IFN-g using flow cytometric analysis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) using cytospin methods in allergen-induced asthma. RESULTS : SCRT decreased levels of IL-4, a Th2-driven cytokine. But INF-g, a Th1-driven cytokine, was not changed. With SCRT treatment, infiltration of inflammatory cells showed reduced tendency. CONCLUSION : In conclusion, we demonstrated that regulation of Th1/Th2 imbalance may be one of mechanism contributed to reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2010

Pulmonary pathogenesis in lupus is characterized by interstitial inflammation and vasculitis in lungs. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) attenuates pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in pristane-induced lupus mice. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were administrated with BC 0.5 ml/kg or PBS orally once a day for 14 days. Our results demonstrated that BC significantly attenuated levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, $PGE_2$ and VEGF, and pulmonary vascular permeability in pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that BC may inhibit development of pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in lupus.