• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the present situation of broiler breeder industry, and to investigate some problems related to it in Korea. The number of broiler breeding farms were 231 in 1990. It peaked to 264 in 1992, but decreased afterward to 232 in 1995. The number of broiler parent stock were over 4 millions since 1992 except in 1993. The number of commercial chicks produced per breeding hen was around 100, which is far below to the suggested values of breeding companies. The number of hatching eggs produced per breeding hen were 168 eggs in US, 156~170 eggs in Thailand, and 160~170 eggs in China. Factors involved in the lowered performances of broiler parent stock in Korea appear to be 1) the poor isolation of breeding farms from commercial broiler farms, causing easy contamination with various diseases, 2) the failure to provide proper environment to the breeder, and 3) the failure to control body weight during laying periods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1482-1498
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• 2000

This paper reviews the meat-type chicken breeding with local breeds in China. The quality chickens are defined as purebred final products of local breeds, and semi-quality chickens as crossbreds of local breeds with specialized broiler (sire or dam) lines from western breeding organizations. The present status of the chicken production and the market in China, in comparison with the western countries, is reviewed, indicating that there is large market demand for (semi-) quality chickens in the present and future China. Breeding for (semi-) quality chickens emphasizes the sensory quality of chicken meat. The present status of breeding for (semi-) quality chickens with the local breeds is illustrated, including breeding goals and the existing breeding programs. The potential role of local breeds in breeding programs in China is discussed in relation to both providing higher quality (than commercial hybrid broilers) of chicken meat for the local market and meeting the objectives of genetic resource conservation. Besides, further research topics on breeding for (semi-) quality chickens are suggested.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate (FSMS) on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microflora and ammonia gas production of feces in broiler chickens. A total of three hundred sixty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. The treatments were control (free FSMS), 15% FSMS (basal diet with 15% FSMS) and 30% FSMS (basal diet with 30% FSMS). The final body weight and body weight gains were slightly improved in 30% FSMS than control (P<0.05). Feed intake and feed conversion were significantly improved as compared to those of the control groups. The Leukocytes of blood serum in FSMS groups were significantly decreased as compared to those of control groups. There are no significant differences among the groups in the contents of albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TCHO), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The content of total glucose (TG) in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly decreased as compared to that of the control groups. The content of HDLC in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly increased as compared to that of the control group. The number of lactobacillus in the intestinal microflora were significantly increased in chicks fed FSMS groups. The ammonia gas production in FSMS groups was siginificantly decreased as compard to that the control groups. These results indicated that dietary FSMS exerted growth performance for feeding broiler.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 1993

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=262), laying hen(n=244), parent stock(n=207) and native stock(n=287) in Chonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and /or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 4 flocks(total=1,000) was 65.7%. 2. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 84.0％ as native stock (floor breeding, 241 chicken), 79.7％ as parent stock (floor breeding, 165 chickens), 73.3% as broiler(floor breeding, 192 chicken) and 24.2% as laying hen(cage breeding, 59 chicken), in order. 3. In the concern of mixed infection such as single, double and triple, the rate was 55.1%, 8.7% and 1.9%, respectively. 4. Ten kinds of infective eggs were isolated from 657 fecal sample of 4 flock. They were classified 51.l% as Eimeria spp., 12.7% as Ascaridia galli, 5.1% as Capillaria spp., 4.1% as Strongyloides avium, 2.3% as Heterakis gallinarum, 0.5% as Hymenolepis spp., 0.3% as Railleina spp. and 0.2% as Syngamus spp., Trichostrongilus spp., or Choanoteania spp., single or in combination.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=290), parent stock (n=168) and laying hen (n=114) in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation method and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 3 flocks (total=572) was 44.9%. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 65.5% as broiler (floor breeding, 290 chickens), 20.2% as parent stock (floor breeding, 168 chickens) and 28.9% as laying hen (cage breeding, 114 chickens), in order. In the concern of mixed infection such as single and double, the rate were 40.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of infective eggs were isolated 257 fecal sample from 3 flock. They were classified 74.7% as Eimeria spp, 18.1% as Ascaridia galli and 6.0% as Capillaria spp and 0.4% as Heteratkis gallinarum, Railleina spp or Trichostrongylus spp, single or in combination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1662-1668
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• 2005

This review has been done to examine sex-linked dwarf gene in broiler production in hot-humid climates. Introduction of sex-linked dwarf gene especially in hot harsh tropical environments brings a great advantage for broiler production. The heavy broiler parent suffers due to the stress of these adverse climates. Sex-linked dwarf genes reduce body weight, egg weight, but are superior for adaptability under harsh tropical environments, with a lower requirement for housing and feed, better survivability and reproductive fitness giving fewer defective eggs, more hatching eggs, better fertility, hatchability, feed conversion efficiency and resistance to disease. Overall the cost of chick production from dwarf hens is lower than from their normal siblings. Market weights of broilers from sexlinked dwarf dams is almost similar to those of broilers from normal dams with normal sires. But the net benefit of broiler production from sex-linked dwarf dams is found to be greater than that of broilers from normal dams. This will be the most important to the rural communities in Bangladesh and in other countries where the similar environment and socio-economic conditions exist. Therefore, sexlinked dwarf hens might be used in broiler breeding plan as well as broiler production in the tropics.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1981

2000년대 Broiler육종기술의 전망은 개량 역사로 보아 비교적 짧은 기간의 예측이라고 할 수 있다. Broiler의 본격적인 육종은 1945년경부터 시작되었는데 지금까지의 개량진도는 놀랄 만큼 향상되었다. 앞으로의 개량방향과 기대효과는 지금까지의 개량진도를 고찰하고 앞으로 개발될 육종기술의 추찰에 따라 추정될 것이다. 1. Broiler육종의 개량진도 (1) 성장률은 매年 4 -5%외 개량효과를 가져왔으며 (2) 사료효율도 매년 약1%의 향상을 가져왔다. (3) 부로일라의 복부지방 축적에 대한 개선이 요구되고 있으며 (4) 소비성향으로 보아 부분육 해체판매가 유망시되어 살부침이 양호한 닭으로 개량되어야할 것이다. (5) 다수수, 밀사의 환경조건에 알맞는 강건하고 온순한 체질로 개량되어야 하며 이로 인하여 사료효율 향상도 도모할 수 있을 것이다. (6) 모계통 육종에 있어서 산육능력라 기타 경제형질은 대부분 부의 유전상관을 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌으며 (7) 모계통의 산묘능력(연산묘수160개)과 부화율은 상당 수준의 개량을 가져왔다. (8) 부계통의 육종은 앞으로 더욱 성장률이 빠르고 산육능력이 높은 대형종으로 개량될 것으로 추측된다. 2. 앞으로 육종개발될 방향과 전망 : 앞으로의 육종기술의 개발은 추측에 지나지 않으나 선진국에서 연구하고 있는 방향을 소개하면 다음과 같다. (1) 칠면조와 닭과의 교배와 같이 앞으로 종간교배종이 이루어질 가능성이 엿보이며 (2) 생화학의 발달로 혈액형의 구명이 육종진도를 가속화 할 수 있을 것이다. (3) 방사성 동위원소와 화학물질의 이용으로 돌연변이를 일으켜 지금까지 없던 새로운 인자를 작출할 수 있을 것이며 (4) 나체성, 주익우 흠제인자 등을 이용하여 우모로 전환되는 영양소의 절감으로 사료효율를 향상시킬 수도 있을 것이다. (5) 사양환경의 개선이 또한 Broiler의 발육속도와 사료효율 등을 개량할 것으로 추측된다.e의 pattern을 paper chromatography로 확인한 바 2개의 효소단백질 Band는 동일한 작용 pattern을 나타내었다. 5. Soluble starch로부터 생성되는 유일한 초기 가수분해산물은 maltohexaose이었다. system 내의 주요 subsystem의 하나로서 활발히 움직이고 있다. 그러나 만약 기업의 외부환경에서 초래되는 stress, 즉 주민의 소득저하, 타 recreation 산업이 쇠퇴하게 되면 이 공업 또한 쇠퇴될 것이다. 요컨대 담수 지향성과 관련된 입지상의 특색을 제외하고는 연구지역의 소규모 boat 공업은 타 소규모 공업과 동일한 입지상의 특색을 가지고 있다.및 성안 등이 비교적 낮았고 기타 품종은 중정도였으며, 대체로 단백질함량이 높았던 품종들이 지방함량이 낮은 경향이었다. 7. 단백질과 지방함량기간의 상관은 5월 25일 파종에서 고도의 부의 상관(r=-0.5914)이나 6월10일과 6월 25일 상관에서 각각 r=-0.3038과 -0.2975로 부의 상관경향만을 보여 파종기에 따란 상관의 정도가 약간 달랐다. 8. 10a당 종실수량은 6월10일 파종(100%)에 비해 5월 25일 파종에서 104%로 그 착 적었으나, 6월 25일 파종에서는 76%로 만파에 의한 감수정도가 컸다. 품종별 수량은 5월 25일 파종에서 동산7003, Hill 및 Williams, 6월 10일 파종에서 동산 6001, 동산 7003, Williams 및 Hill 등이 대비품종인 광교에 비해 유의증수하였고, 6월 25일 파종에서는 동산 7003만이 증수하였다. 조생종서천백묘, H-25)은 어느 파종기에서나 가장 낮은 수량이였다. 9. 만파(6월 25일 파종)에 의한 감수정도를 기준하여 내만식성정도를 분류하면 광교, 수원8003, 동산69호, 성안, H-25 및 Harosoy 등은 컸고 수원8006, 수원9003, 서천백묘, 강림, 동산 7003,

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of reproductive ability on weeks and body weights of broiler breeder males. From 26 to 36 week, volume of semen and body weight were increased. Total concentration was highest at 36 week(P〈0.05), being 21.14$\times$10(sup)8 cells. Mean of total concentration was 14.66$\times$10(sup)8 cells and 11.59$\times$10(sup)8 cells in young(26∼55 weeks) and old(60∼89 weeks) broiler breeder males, respectively. Percentage of fertile eggs, viability and hatchability on weeks were 96.33, 89.55, 86.25% in the young broiler breeder males, 94.84, 91.73 and 86.97% the old broiler breeder males, respectively. The values were not significantly different between the young and old broiler breeder males. While the body weight of cocks was less than 3.5kg, it was not possible to collect semen. Semen collection rate was the best in 4.5∼5.0kg of males, total concentration was highest in 5.0∼5.5kg, volume of semen was highest in 5.5∼6.0kg body weight. More than 80% of the males were in the range of 4∼6kg body weight. Sperm motility was acceptable for breeding.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2011

Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) in broiler chicks. $CdCl_2$ was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In spectral analysis, $CdCl_2$ treatment caused a significant increase in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine and uric acid levels in all treated groups. Intriguingly, the GPT, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly higher at 75 mg/kg as compared to the groups treated with high doses (100, 125 and 150 mg/kg) of $CdCl_2$. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of Cd accumulation in kidney, liver and Breast muscles. AAS analysis revealed that Cd accumulation is increased in breast muscles as compared to liver and kidney at higher doses of Cd than 75 mg/kg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1805-1811
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 through 2014). The calculations of GHG emissions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Over the study period, the $CH_4$ emission from manure management decreased in layer chickens, nursery to finishing pigs and gestating to lactating sows, but there was a gradual increase in $CH_4$ emission from broiler chickens and male breeding pigs. Both sows and nursery to finishing pigs were associated with greater emissions from enteric fermentation than the boars, especially in 2009. Layer chickens produced lower direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from 2009 to 2014, whereas the average direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from manure management for broiler chickens were 12.48 and $4.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. Annual direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions for broiler chickens tended to decrease in 2014. Average $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy uses for broiler and layer chickens were 46.62 and $136.56Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. For pig sectors, the $N_2O$ emission from direct and indirect sources gradually increased, but they decreased for breeding pigs. Carbon dioxide emission from direct on-farm energy uses reached a maximum of $53.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$ in 2009, but this total gradually declined in 2010 and 2011. For boars, the greatest $CO_2$ emission occurred in 2012 and was $9.44Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$. Indirect $N_2O$ emission was the largest component of GHG emissions in broilers. In layer chickens, the largest contributing factor to GHG emissions was $CO_2$ from direct on-farm energy uses. For pig production, the largest component of GHG emissions was $CH_4$ from manure management, followed by $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy use and $CH_4$ enteric fermentation emission, which accounted for 8.47, 2.85, and $2.82Gg-CO_2/yr$, respectively. The greatest GHG emission intensity occurred in female breeding sows relative to boars. Overall, it is an important issue for the poultry and pig industry of South Korea to reduce GHG emissions with the effective approaches for the sustainability of agricultural practices.