• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.318-323
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• 2011

Illegal and unethical behaviors of the construction industry affect people's lives and health more than the same problems of the other industries. Among these behaviors, the construction industry is mostly criticized for bribery scandals. According to the survey of the Ministry of Justice in Taiwan over the past years, bribery cases involving public engineering projects and governmental procurements account for a rather large portion of the indicted corruption cases. Transparency International's "Bribe Payer Index" indicates people in construction-related industries are the most likely to pay bribes. Poor construction quality directly and indirectly caused by bribery poses a great threat to public safety, organizational reputation and economic development. However, there is a limited number of existing research on the bribery problem of the construction industry. This study is an empirical attempt to explore bribery intention and its affecting factors among the construction organizations in Taiwan by conducting a questionnaire survey. The theory of planned behavior was used in this study to build its research model (covering elements of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and intention). Totally 431 valid samples were returned. To explore the factors affecting bribery intention, this study adopted Pearson's correlation analysis to discuss about the connections among the questionnaire respondents' attitudes to bribery, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and bribery intention. A multi-regression analysis was then conducted to test if the planned behavior theory can effectively predict bribery intention. The research found (1) according to the results of Pearson's correlation analysis, the respondents' bribery intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control are positively correlated with one another; (2) according to the results of the multi-regression analysis, bribery intention can be explained through attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control with an adjusted R² value of 0.591, meaning 59.1% of the bribery intention's variances can be explained through the three dimensions. In addition, each of the three dimensions has a significant influence on the respondents' behavior intentions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2020

This research aims to revisit the hypothesis that bribery hurts firm performance in the context of a perceptibly corrupt country. Specifically, we use micro-data from Vietnamese small and medium firm surveys in 2013 and 2015 to examine whether bribery impedes firm revenue growth and labor productivity growth. An issue arising in this type of research is the potential endogeneity between firm bribing behaviors and firm performance. To go around the issue, we follow the literature to instrument bribery variable with the average probability of bribery in other provinces. We further employ the Analysis of Variance technique (ANOVA) to unveil if the effect of bribery is dependent on bribing purposes. The regression results show that firm performance is significantly influenced by firm size, firm age and firm bribing behavior. Larger firms are more likely to grow faster while firm performance tends to be negatively related to firm age. Particularly, we find that bribery significantly impedes firm revenue growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis of variance shows that the effect of bribery on firm performance may vary across bribing purposes. Our findings, therefore, support the sand-the-wheels hypothesis that bribery hurts firm performance even in a highly corrupt business environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2020

This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the causal relationship between bribery and firm innovation. To this end, we use a micro-dataset of small and medium firms in Vietnam surveyed in 2015. Given the binary nature of the dependent variable, a simple probit regression model is employed. However, as bribery variable is potentially endogenous, a simple probit regression may give biased estimates. We deal with the potential endogeneity by making use of the bivariate probit model. A property of the bivariate probit model is that it can produce efficient estimates of a typical probit model with endogenous binary explanatory variable. A Hausman-like likelihood ratio test is implemented following the estimation to test the existence of endogeneity. We find that bribery significantly undermines firm innovation. Also, firms run by household appear less innovative. The probability of innovation diminishes significantly if firm owners or managers have previous experience in firm products. As expected, larger firms seem to be more innovative. Exporters tend to be more innovative compared to non-exporters. Our findings provide support to the hypothesis that bribery is detrimental to firm innovation and, thus, innovation may be a mediating channel, through which, bribery impedes firm long-term performance.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.253-273
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• 2014

한-EU FTA 발효 후 한국의 대영국 수출물량 및 투자는 발효 전에 비해 지속적인 증가 추세를 보여왔다. 영국은 한-EU FTA 효과와 더불어 2013년 세계은행이 선정한 '비즈니스하기 쉬운 국가'에서 최상위로 선정됨에 따라 앞으로도 한국의 다국적 기업들에게 지속적인 수출 및 투자를 하고 싶은 매력적인 무역대상국으로 자리매김 하고 있다. 이러한 가운데 영국법무부는 비즈니스 과정에서 발생하는 부패행위를 척결하기 위해 '영국 뇌물수수법(UK Bribery Act 2010')을 제정 및 전면 시행함으로써 영국과 비즈니스 관계에 있는 개인이나 기업의 뇌물공여 및 수수에 대한 처벌을 선포했다. 영국 뇌물수수법은 적발 시 '무한' 벌금형까지 처벌을 가능하게 함으로써 다른 어떤 부패방지법보다 강화된 법이다. 대영국 비즈니스를 하고 있는 한국의 다국적 기업들도 영국 뇌물수수법의 관할권에 속하기 때문에 영국 뇌물수수법에 대한 정확한 이해와 영국법무부가 발행한 지침서(Guideline)에 명시된 뇌물행위 방지를 위한 준수방안을 구비하지 않으면 가혹한 처벌 대상이 될 수 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 영국 뇌물수수법에 대한 자세한 분석과 해당 법이 한-EU FTA 시대에 대영국 수출 및 투자에 관여하는 한국 다국적 기업에 미칠 영향과 그에 대한 대처방안에 관하여 논하고자 한다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

Bribery is one of the world's most destructive and challenging issues. Yet despite efforts on national and international levels to tackle bribery, it remains a significant issue. Recognizing this, ISO has developed a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture, which is "ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems" in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. It is a flexible tool, which can be adapted according to the size and nature of the organization and the bribery risk it faces. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standard, harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. Only about 100 organizations, however, have adopted ISO 37001 so far. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the expectation and awareness of ISO 37001. Results show that still many organizations lack of awareness of ISO 37001 and it is implicated that much promotion and education will be necessary. This study has originality and value in that it can provide the guidelines for activation of ISO 37001.

• 한국경영공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.125-141
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• 2018

As global competition is intensifying, companies are entering not only developed markets but also emerging and developing countries. In emerging and developing countries, business-to-governmental relations are an essential factor influencing the firm performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of corporate political activities on firm performance. Using the BEEPS data developed by the EBRD and the World Bank, the effect of various bribery activities regarded as corporate political activities on the firm performance was examined. Also, the moderating effect of competition type on the firm performance was proved. As the results, the bribery contribution, which is a corporate political activity, has a positive effect on the firm performance. Specifically, when infrastructure bribery occurred, costs and sales were higher, and when permission bribery was granted, profits, costs, and sales were higher. In addition, the effect of bribery as a corporate political activity on firm performance is moderated by competition type. These findings have academic and practical implications for empirical analyzing of SMEs' firm performance, guidelines suggestion for entry into the other countries, generalization possibility of using credible data, developing and designing export support systems and programs. Finally, limitations of the research and future research directions were discussed.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2020

'ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standards, is a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture which was developed in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001 harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. About 100 organizations have adopted ISO 37001 as in the first half of 2019. So far many side effects of other ISO certifications have been recognized. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the current status of ISO 37001 in Korea for effective operation and management. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the current status and problems of ISO 37001 in Korea. It can provide useful guidelines for improving ISO 37001 to manage bribe and corruption effectively.

• 건축사
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• 통권530호
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• pp.79-79
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• 2013

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.123-149
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• 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to define the anti-ESG activities of companies recognized by media by reflecting ESG recently attracted attention. This study extracts keywords for ESG controversies through association rule mining. Design/methodology/approach A research framework is designed to extract keywords for ESG controversies as follows: 1) From DeepSearch DB, we collect 23,837 articles on anti-ESG activities exposed to 130 media from 2013 to 2018 of 294 listed companies with ESG ratings 2) We set keywords related to environment, social, and governance, and delete or merge them with other keywords based on the support, confidence, and lift derived from association rule mining. 3) We illustrate the importance of keywords and the relevance between keywords through density, degree centrality, and closeness centrality on network analysis. Findings We identify a total of 26 keywords for ESG controversies. 'Gapjil' records the highest frequency, followed by 'corruption', 'bribery', and 'collusion'. Out of the 26 keywords, 16 are related to governance, 8 to social, and 2 to environment. The keywords ranked high are mostly related to the responsibility of shareholders within corporate governance. ESG controversies associated with social issues are often related to unfair trade. As a result of confidence analysis, the keywords related to social and governance are clustered and the probability of mutual occurrence between keywords is high within each group. In particular, in the case of "owner's arrest", it is caused by "bribery" and "misappropriation" with an 80% confidence level. The result of network analysis shows that 'corruption' is located in the center, which is the most likely to occur alone, and is highly related to 'breach of duty', 'embezzlement', and 'bribery'.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

찰자를 선정하는 과정에서 치열한 경쟁이 벌어지게 되며 이때 다양한 부패가 발생될 가능성이 있다. 계약체결후에도 공사금액의 결정과정에서 다양한 부패가 발생되기도 한다. 이러한 건설부패는 건전한 산업의 발전을 저해하기도 하고 그로 인해 다양한 피해를 유발시키기도 한다. 그러므로 건설공사의 투명성을 강화하여 부패를 방지하기 위한 전략을 수립할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 입찰계약제도 측면에서 건설부패를 최소화하기 위해 전문가에 의한 낙찰자 선정서비스 도입방안을 제시하고, 다양한 발주방식의 도입, 대체분쟁해결방법의 활성화 등을 제시하였다.