• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 수면호흡장애를 가진 어린이들을 선별하기 위해 휴대용 간이수면검사를 이용한 무호흡 저호흡 지수(apneahypopnea index, AHI)를 기준으로, 치과 진료실에서 사용 가능한 측모두부계측 방사선 사진, 임상 검사, 소아수면설문지(pediatric sleep questionnaire, PSQ)에서 유용한 수치들을 찾아내고 평가하는 것이었다. 교정치료를 위해 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원한 5 - 10세의 어린이들을 대상으로 하였다. 총 61명이 이 연구에 포함되었으며, AHI 값이 1보다 크게 나타난 어린이들을 SDB군으로, 1 이하로 나타난 어린이들은 정상군으로 분류하였다. 61명의 어린이 중 49(80%)명이 SDB군에 포함되었다. SDB군과 정상군과의 통계 분석 결과, 휴대용 간이수면검사의 ODI(oxygen dehydration index)와 코골이 시간, 설문지를 통한 PSQ scale, 측모두부계측 방사선 사진에서 아데노이드 비대율과 하악평면에서 설골까지의 거리 그리고 gonial angel이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이 연구를 통해 잠재적인 SDB 환자를 선별해내기 위해 측모두부계측 방사선 사진을 통한 아데노이드 비대, 설골의 위치, gonial angle과 소아수면설문지를 평가하는 것이 유용할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2012

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by obstruction of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep despite the effort to breathe. Apnea is closely related to clinical findings and respiratory disturbance index (RDI). The total subjects were 42 (male 26, female 16) and examined by polysomography (PSG) in terms of RDI above 5 and below 5 at Mok-Dong Hospital in Ewha Womans University from January to June, 2012. The study revealed the followings: The comparison of clinical findings and RDI above 5 showed significant increase in age, BMI, and snoring sound although lowest $SpO_2$ level decreased. The correlation coefficient analysis between clinical findings and RDI showed statistically significant correlation in age, BMI, lowest $SpO_2$ although snoring sound and average $SpO_2$ showed statistically insignificant correlation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 2007

The purpose of the study was to identify the general status of Kigong organizations introduced on Internet. We have used www.naver.com, the biggest portal site in Korea and www.nice114.co.kr, which has the longest list of the telephone numbers to look up the organizations with the index of "Kigong and Danhak" and "Mediation". Among them we screened the organizations to have the list of organizations which have been established for more than 5 years, with more than 100 trainees and whether they published books or booklets regarding Kigong by the means of telephone conversation or home page access. The number of organizations identified by telephone and Internet with the indexes of Kigongdanhak and mediation was 852. The number of organizations that passed the primary criterion was 22, and that passed the secondary criterion was 8. Among the primarily screened organization, there are 5 focusing on mediation, 5 focusing on breathing, 3 focusing on Haenggong, 4 focusing on mediation and Haenggong, 4 focusing on breathing and Haenggong and 1 focusing on mediation and breathing. In secondarily screened organizations, they called their training method as Seondo, Shinseondo or Seonhak and origin of the training method as Dangun and Hwangwung. As Sambeop training of Jigam, Josik and Geumchok provide training methods which are a little different each other, the utilization rate was low although there are some organizations that have special training using Three Bibles. It was identified that there were many texts and writings that they took as training methods other than Three Bibles. Kigong training organizations based on Korean traditional ideologies are grounded on the Three Textbooks such as , , and and the concept of Hongikingan. This ideological ground is the study of Completion of Human Beings through physical and mental training and goes with Seondo, Pungryudo and Hyunmyojido.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.383-394
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomic changes in the upper airway with a dental orthosis. the effectiveness and side effects of orthosis in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. To meet this puppose a dental orthosis, designed to increase the size of the upper airway by advancing the mandible, was used in 42 patients (30 M, 12 F), aged 29 - 69 years, to treat snoring and varying decrees of obstructive sleep apnea. Cephalometric study of anatomic featured was made with and without a dental orthosis, and the evaluation of the effectiveness and side effects of orthosis was done by questionnaires. The obtained results were as follows : 1. All subjects were habitual snorers and 32 patients comp1ained the loudness of snoring as severe as be heard outside of the patient's room. 2. According to the degree of respiratory distirbance index(RDI) and aprea index(Al) from the polysomnograph in 34 patient, mild obstructive sleep apnea patients were 5, moderate 6 and severe 16. 3. Various anatomic changes in the upper airway with denta1 orthosis were as follows : (1) More superioly positioned hyoid bone ( p<0.001) (2) Enlarged oropharyngeal (superior p<0.01, middle p<0.01. inferior p<0.01) and hypopharyngeal (P<0.05) airway space. 4. According to the results of the changes of clinical syptoms after the usage of the dental orthosis acquired from questionnaires, there was significant improvement in the frequently, the loudness and the severity of snoring, cessation of breathing and awakening from the difficulty of breathing during sleep. 5. The effectiveness and side effects of dental orthosis by questionnaires were as follows ; (1) Dental orthosis satisfied almost all the patients (68±20%). (2) Snoring was improved in all the patients (73±19%). (3) Obstructive sleep aphea was improved in all the patients (61 ± 37%) (4) Sleepiness in the daytime was significantly improved (61 ±37%). (5) The sleep quality was significantly improved (61±37%). (6) The discomfort of the dental orthosis was minor (33±18%) and no serious complications were observed. 6. The dental orthosis is an effective treatment for the symptom of snoring, and it can also effectively treat varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1996

연구배경 : 상기도 저항증후군 (UARS)으로 진단 받은 환자 및 이들의 수면다원검사 소견을 정상인 및 수면 무호흡증(OSA) 환자의 그것과 비교 연구함으로서 UARS의 이해에 도움을 얻고자하였다. 방법 : 임상적인 면담, 신체검사 및 식도내 음압 (Pes)의 측정을 포함하는 수면다원검사를 통하여 UARS로 진단받은 20 명의 환자와 OSA로 진단 받은 30명의 환자를 대상으로 하였고, Williams 등 (10)의 자료를 정상비교치로 이용하였다. 결과 : UARS는 OSA 보다 젊고 비만도가 낮은 환자특성을 보이고 수면다원검사시 OSA의 진단기준이 되는 RDI와 $SaO_2$가 정상에 가까운 특정을 보임을 알 수 있다. 기타 수면지표들은 정상범위에 속하거나 이상소견이 있더라도 OSA 환자의 그것보다는 경미하여 UARS가 OSA보다는 가벼운 상태의 장애임을 시사한다. 그러나 UARS 환자들의 ESS의 점수는 병적인 수준으로 낮 동안의 졸림기로 일상생활에 많은 장애를 받고 있음을 시사한다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 UARS 환자의 특성 및 이들의 특정 적인 수면다원검사 소견을 보여줬다고 생각하며 지금까지 발표되고있는 UARS에 대한연구결과들을 지지한다. 즉 UARS는 임상적, 실험실적으로 OSA와는 다른특징이 있는 수면관련 호흡장애의 아형이다. 따라서 임상적으로 수면관련 호흡장애가 의심되는 환자의 나이가 젊고 BMI가 정상이고, 일반수면다원검사에서 RDI와 $SaO_2$ 등이 수면관련 호흡장애 진단기준에 미흡하더라도 수면중 코를 고는 등의 상기도 저항(upper airway resistance)을 시사하는 증상이 있고, 뇌파상 이유없이 자주 반복되는 전기 생리적인 각성이 있다면 UARS를 의심하여야한다. UARS 환자들이 호소하는 낮 동안의 졸림기는 OSA 환자들의 그것과 비슷하여 일상생활에 많은 고통을 주고 반복적인 흉곽내 압력의 지나친 상승은 심혈관계에 해로운 영향을 미치는 바 UARS에 대한관심이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2000

This study was performed to identify the physiological and psychological variables related to successful weaning from a mechanical ventilator. The subjects of this study were 22 patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy for more than 3 days in intensive care units. Before the weaning trial, baseline data for following physiologic variables were obtained: spontaneous respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, PaO2, PaCO2, PEEP, static compliance, minute ventilation, tidal volume, rapid shallow breathing index(f/VT), SaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and mean arterial pressure. During spontaneous breathing, physiologic and psychologic variables such as vital signs, ABG, perspiration, chest retraction, paradoxical respiration, dyspnea, anxiety, confidence and efficacy were measured. Successful weaning was defined as sustaining spontaneous respiration over 24 hours after extubation. Weaning failure was defined as the development of more than one of following signs: (1) hypoxemia, (2) CO2 retention or (3) perspiration, tachypnea, chest retraction, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension or hypertension. Subjects (N=18) who successfully weaned from mechanical ventilator were compared with subjects (N=4) who failed. The results are as follows; Eighteen percents of the subjects failed during the weaning trial. Most subjects in the failed group were mechanically ventilated for long-time. This result shows that the success of weaning is more difficult in long-term ventilation patients. In the baseline data that was measured before weaning trial, the mean score of PaO2 in the successfully weaned group was 121mmHg. This is significantly higher than the mean score of PaO2 in the failed group(95mmHg). However, the scores of pH, tidal volume, f/VT, pulse rates, blood pressure, mean airway pressure, SaO2, and PaCO2 were similar between the two groups. Specially the scores of f/VT index as a predominant predictor for successful weaning were not significant (f/VT=44.4) and (f/VT=47). During spontaneous breathing, the scores of dyspnea and anxiety level in the successfully weaned group were less than those of the failed group. On the contrary, the scores of confidence and efficacy in the successful group were greater than those of the failed group. In conclusion, the baseline data that were measured before weaning trial were similar between the both groups, therefore future studies are needed to focus on searching other variables besides physiological parameters related to weaning outcome.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2006

The air quality index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily or hourly air quality to the general public. The AQI focuses on health effects that can happen within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. Many countries have their own AQI reporting systems, and the HAEI (hourly air environment index) method is now being used in Korea. In this study, in order to compare the AQI results from different methods, we applied three methods. i.e. US AQI, Canadian AQI, and Korean HAEI, to the same air quality data-base. The data-base was constructed from 10 monitoring sites in Gyeong-buk province for the last four years since 2000. Based on the results, a critical evaluation of the Korean HAEI method was made, and a number of suggestions and recommendations were presented to improve the AQI reporting system in Korea.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제30권1_2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2018

목 적 : 폐암의 호흡동조방사선치료(Respiratory Gated Radiotherapy, RGRT)계획수립 후 표적 주변에 위치하고 있는 정상장기의 경우에는 움직임과 용적변화가 고려되지 않은 상태에서 선량평가가 이루어지는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 적응형방사선치료(Adaptive Radiotherapy, ART)에서 많이 사용되는 변형영상정합(Deformable Image Registration, DIR)을 이용하여 호흡동조방사선치료 시 특정 위상에서의 정상장기의 움직임을 반영한 4차원-선량평가를 진행하였으며, 3차원 선량평가와의 차이를 연구하였다. 또한, 폐암의 치료계획평가 시 환자 호흡에 따른 정상장기의 움직임과 용적변화에 대한 분석 및 고려가 필요한 지 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 호흡동조방사선치료를 받은 폐암 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. Eclipse(Ver 13.6 Varian, USA)로 최고 위상 CT영상에 그려진 구조물을 모든 위상영상에 Propagation($Eclipse^{TM}$)이나 Segmentation Wizard($Eclipse^{TM}$)의 메뉴로 동일하게 설정하였으며, Center-to-Center 방식으로 구조물의 움직임 및 용적을 분석하였다. 또한, 4차원 선량평가를 위해 VELOCITY 프로그램(VELOCITY Ver 4.0, Varian, USA)을 이용하여 각 위상의 영상과 선량분포를 최고 위상 CT영상에 변형하였으며, 선량을 합산하여 정상장기의 4차원 선량평가를 실시하고, 3차원 선량평가와 비교분석을 하였다. 또한, 4차원 선량분포의 검증을 위해 $QUASAR^{TM}$ Phantom(Modus Medical Devices)과 $GAFCHROMIC^{TM}$ EBT3 Film(Ashland, USA)을 사용하여 4차원 감마분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 들숨과 날숨 구간의 움직임은 우측 폐가 축 방향 $0.989{\pm}0.34cm$로 가장 컸으며, 척수가 측 방향 -0.001 cm로 가장 작았다. 30~70 % 구간의 움직임은 식도가 축 방향 $0.52{\pm}0.21cm$로 가장 컸으며, 척수가 전후방향 $0.013{\pm}0.01cm$로 가장 작았다. 용적은 우측 폐가 33.5 %로 가장 큰 변화율을 보였다. 3차원 선량평가와 4차원 선량평가에서의 PTV 선량균질지수(Conformity Index, CI) 값과 처방선량지수(Homogeneity Index, HI) 값의 차이는 각각 최대 0.076, 0.021, 최소 0.011, 0.0으로 평가되었다. 정상장기의 경우 4차원 선량평가에서 0.0045~2.76 % 차이를 보였다. 모든 환자의 4차원 감마통과율은 평균 $98.1{\pm}0.42%$로 확인되었고, 모두 기준 95 %를 통과하였다. 결 론 : 모든 환자의 PTV 선량균질지수 값은 4차원 선량평가 시 더 유의한 값임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 처방 선량지수는 두 선량평가에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 호흡에 의한 움직임이 고려된 4차원 선량분포에서 PTV 경계부분이 채워져 3차원 선량분포에서보다 선량이 더욱 균질한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 정상장기의 4차원 선량평가에서 0.004~2.76 % 차이가 있었으며, 척수를 제외한 모든 정상장기에서 두 평가방법의 차이유의를 확인할 수 있었다. 정상장기의 3차원 선량평가 시 과소평가가 이루어 질 수 있다는 사실을 본 연구를 통해 알 수 있었으며, 호흡에 의한 정상장기의 선량변화가 예상되는 경우 변형영상정합을 이용한 4차원 선량평가를 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 변형영상정합을 이용한 4차원 선량평가는 환자의 호흡에 의한 정상장기의 움직임과 용적 변화를 반영하는 조금 더 현실적인 선량평가방법이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to assess oral health status such as prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and other combined disorder, orofacial dysfunction in patients with cerebral palsy(CP), as well as the state of tooth brushing, possibility of dental treatment. Sixty-six subjects with CP aged 9 to 37 years were included in the study. Clinical caries status(DMFT index) and other data were evaluated and statistically analyzed using SPSS program (SPSS 17.0). The results were as follows: The DMFT index and prevalence of gingivitis of study subjects were 2.82(male), 3.33(female) and 89%, respectively. DMFT index classified into four groups according to age as follows: DMFT index were 1.14(ages 6-11), 1.40(ages 12-14), 2.16(ages 15-24), 4.15(ages 25-37). In addition to the physical disorder, speech difficulty(86%), epilepsy(35%) and visual impairment(14%) were associated and the epilepsy medication was the most common medication. And orofacial dysfunction such as the eating difficulties(79%), drooling(36%), swallowing disorder(30%), breathing difficulty(15%), bruxism(30%) and snoring(33%) was shown. Most people with cerebral palsy can't brush alone and didn't use oral care adjunctive supplies. Moreover, Fifty-nine percent of them were noncooperative to dental treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 1967

Circulatory and respiratory activities were observed in men exposed to the environment of engine room of a cruising Republic of Korea Navy ship and compared to the control values obtained in an ordinary laboratory room on land. The environment of an engine room of cruising navy ship was presumed to be a multiple stress acting on men. The environment of the engine room included high temperature $(35-42^{\circ}C)$, low relative humidity (20-38% saturation), vibration (about 7 cycles per second), rolling and pitching of ship and noises. Sixteen men were divided into two groups consisted of each 8 subjects. Subjects of sea duty group had experience of continuous on board duty averaging 3.5 years. Men of land duty group had no experience of on board activity. On land observations were made on one day prior to the boarding and leaving the port and four days after landing. In between observations in the engine room were made on the first, 5 th, 9 th, 12 th, and 14 th day of on board activity. The whole experimental period lasted for 20 days. Measurements on circulatory and respiratory parameters were at standing resting state (after 30 minutes standing in the case of on land study and 15 minutes in engine room study) and within one minute after cessation of on the spot running of which rhythm was 30/min. and lasted for 5 minutes. Oxygen consumption and pulmonary function test were done in the period of two minutes from the 3rd to 5th minutes of running. The following results were obtained. 1. Body temperature showed no change regardless of group difference or on land or on board measurements. 2. Pulse rate increased markedly after boarding the ship id both groups. Pulse rate increased from the first day on board at rest and after exercise as compared to the on land control value. This increase in pulse rate was more marked after exercise. Sea duty group showed less increase in pulse rate at rest than the land duty group. Standing and resting pulse rate of sea duty group on lam was 81 and increased to 87 at the 5th day on board and remained smaller than the land duty group throughout the period on board. Control standing and resting pulse rate of land duty group on land was 76 and reached 89 at the 9th day on board and thereafter decreased a little. Pulse rate of land duty group at rest on board remained greater than that of sea duty group throughout the period on board. 3. Systolic blood pressure of sea duty group increased after boarding the ship and remained higher than the control value on land. In the land duty group, however, systolic blood pressure decreased during the period on board the ship. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups. 4. Resting breathing rate of land duty group increased and remained higher than the control value on land. In sea duty group, however, resting breathing rate showed a transient increase on the 1st day on board and decreased thereafter to the control value on land and kept the same level throughout the period of cruise. Absolute value of breathing rate in the sea duty group was greater than the land duty group both at rest and after exercise. 5. There was a lowering of breathing efficiency in both groups. Thus, increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation volume and decreases in maximum breathing capacity, vital capacity, capacity ratio and air velocity Index were observed after boarding the ship. An increase in ventilation equivalent was also observed in both groups. The lowering of breathing efficiency was more marked in the land duty group than the sea duty group. 6. Energy expediture increased in both groups during their stay on the ship and was more marked in the sea duty group. 7, Lactate concentration in venous blood at rest and after exercise increased after boarding the ship and no group difference was observed.