• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.526-538
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• 2016

Breast cancer surgery result in changes in clothing style due to changes in the size of the breast as well as body shape. This study provides basic data as a fashion therapy to improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients who have to change clothing habits after surgery. The regression results found that the most important factor are pain and the amount of breast loss for clothes style changes after breast cancer surgery. Breast cancer patients suffer pain relative to the proximity to the date of surgery and regardless of the breast cancer resection range. However, the changes in clothes style relates to the amount of pain and breast reduction range. The t-test results on the change of the clothing styles for before and after breast cancer surgery showed that women significantly prefer comfortable clothes with sleeves and consider a closure style on clothes to put on and take off instead of clothes that are tight-fitting, have thin fabric or deep neck lines. Painful breast cancer results in women who prefer closure style on clothes, front closure clothes and garments that hide body shape. However, the larger reduction range of breast cancer patients and those with painful breast cancer prefer garments that hide body shape and are looser size clothes with sleeves.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2014

This study strives to analyze the characteristics of and changes in breast shapes of women in their 30s, whose bodies start to age and whose breasts experience changes due to internal and external factors such as pregnancy, childbearing, and breast-feeding. The analysis of the indirect breast measurements for each age group (early, mid, and late 30s) demonstrates that the volume of the breasts increases proportionally with age, the breasts lose their firmness, and the nipples start to point downwards rather than to the sides. The breast shapes experience more significant changes vertically than horizontally as the breasts start to sag downwards. The composition factors of the breasts have been classified into five factors: the level of volume in the breasts and the surrounding area, the degree of sagging in the breasts, the position and vertical width of the breasts, the volume of the breasts, and the degree of width between the breasts. The breasts have been categorized into three different shapes. Breast Shape I (32.56%) appeared most frequently among women in their mid 30s, and this shape falls into the category of Sagging I, which is one of the six breast types that have been classified by the Japanese Wacoal Research Center, in addition to Korean size 80A. Breast Shape II (38.76%) appeared most frequently among women in their mid 30s, and this shape has been categorized as flat with its size being 70A. Breast Shape III (28.68%) appeared most frequently among women in their early 30s with a conical shape and size 75A.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

This study was carried out to get the basic and applicable data for breeding plan and selection in order to improve the body shape components in Korean native chicken. The hentabilities and genetic correlations on body shape components were estimated by sire, dam and combined components of variance. Data analyzed were records of 1,096 progenies produced from 180 dams and 26 sires from April, 1994 to September, 1995. On body shape components at 4, 8 and 16 weeks of age, the shank lengths were 55.63, 82.94 and 103.8Omm: breast girths were 15.087, 21.069, and 26.137mm: breast widths were 40.910, 54.575 and 73.088mm, respectively. The estimates of hentabilities of body shape components based on the variance of sires, dams, and combined components at 4, 8 and 16 weeks of age were O.O65~O.197, O.25O~O.794 and O.185~O.495 for shank length: O.123~O. 215, O.033~O.513 and 0.063~0.257 for breast girth; 0.024~0.158, 0.118~0.410 and 0.111~0.222 for breast width, respectively. The coefficients of genetic correlations among the body shape components at 4 weeks of age were 0.565, 0.725 and 0.678 for breast girth with breast width, shank length and tibia length : 0.690 and 0.804 for breast width with shank length and tibia length; 0.972 between shank length and tibia length.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine breast shape and ratio of breast enlargement women prior to development of breast enlargement patient's bra. Background: Although there are many previous studies on women's breast that did not undergo breast augmentation surgery, no studies have examined the breast type and proportion of women with breast augmentation. Method: In this study, we analyzed ratios and angles with photographs taken before and after breast augmentation on the frontal and lateral views of the breast, UPF and projection were analyzed too. We also compared the pre-operative and post-operative rates with those of previous breast studies, as well as the post-operative breast types for the desirable breast types. Results: The length and width of the breast base and the height of the breast projection increased after the operation. The rate of increase in width is larger than the vertical distance in the breast base, and the rate of increase in height of the projection is larger than the increase in the width. Specifically, in the vertical distance, the rate of increase in the lower portion is larger than that in the upper portion. In the width, the rate of increase on the inside is larger than that on the outside. Conclusion: The angles of the static relationship with the projection increased and the angles of the minor relation decreased. The changes in the size of the breast were visually observed in the overlapping of the triangle shape before and after the surgery. The changes were composed of the line connecting the angle and the measurement points. The pre-operative upper pole fullness (UPF) was mostly 0 and - 1, but after the surgery, +1, 0, -1, +2 were distributed, while post-operative levels of projection were distributed in the order of level 3> level 1> level 2. In comparison with the desirable breast type, it was found that the anatomical type was a more natural breast type than the round type of implant. Application: These results can be useful as basic data for the breast analysis of breast enlargement patients and their bra patterns.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.786-794
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify breast shape of women aged 11~15 using 3D body scan data. In this study, 250 women's body scans were selected from the 6th Size Korea dataset, and 30 items from each of the scan were measured using RapidForm XOR 3 program. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using statistical program SPSS 17.0. The five principal components were identified; breast drooping and breast capacity, size from chest to under bust area, breast protrusion, breast height, and under breast angle & outer distance of breast. As the results of cluster analysis, woman's breast types were classified into four types. The breast type 1 was protrusion type (25.1%) which is considered as the breast maturity stage. The breast type 2 had the most drooped breast covering a large area (20.2%). The breast type 3 had the least prominent breast with a highest nipple point, which was considered as the early breast development stage (38.9%). The breast type 4 had the obesity of the chest and breast circumferences with the slightly prominent and the least drooped breast (15.8%). This study can provide fundamental information to develop sizing system and brassiere pattern for junior girls.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.249-267
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to analyze breast shape by age, to classify breast types and then to suggest brassiere size chart. The subject of anthropometric measurement were 232 women in 20's and 40's. The direct anthropmetric measurement were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, duncan test, T-test, ANOVA, factor & cluster analysis The results are as follows; 1) as a result of analysis for the measurements, according to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and the items of width, depth, cir- cumference, length were increased, being obesity and breast points were dropped. So the volume and bottom area of 40's women's breast were lager than 20's women's. The width of breast points was bide by increasing of intereior. 2) as a result of factor analyxis, 5 factors were extracted as important factor of breast shapes(obesity of breast and location of breast point, breast height and volume, upper dimensions of breast/lower dimensions of breast, interior dimensions of breast/exterior dimensions of breast, volume of the lower part and drop of breast) 3) as a reslut of cluster analysis, the breast shape were classified into 4 types. namely, typel has the smallest volume, bottom area of breast and the slenderest breast, type2 was the second obesity type. type3 was middle sized type. type4 has much dropped, wide bottom area of breast and the biggest form. 4) To establish brassiere sizing system, the loss funtion was used to decide interval of under bust girth and cup size of size chart. 20 brassiere sizes were established and the size chart covers 92.2% of all subject.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.703-714
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• 2002

This paper proposed the basic consideration for the reliable 3-D measurement and analysis of middle-aged women's breast using 3-D phase-shifting moire topography. The surface borderline of the breast based on the anatomical structure on the skin was suggested. Various breast dimensions that can be measured using 3-D measurement system and their measuring methods were discussed. Tips for the measurement of sagged breast were also proposed. It is expected that these basic considerations contribute to draw attention to the reliable measurement of women's breast and provide a kind of tools for the standardization of 3-D shape measurement of breast.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2019

A CAD program has recently been introduced that can be directly developed into a three-dimensional human body shape and made into a pattern. It is possible to fabricate a bra that reflects the volume and surface area of the breast; however, it still needs to be verified. This study investigates the average size and shape of 20 big-breasted women and designs a brassiere pattern for women with large breasts using a 3D Flattening function of OptiTex PDS v15.6. In addition, the study verifies the reliability of the proposed method compared to a conventional brassiere pattern. The study results are as follows. First, the three dimensional measurement values were smaller than the direct measurement dimensions when the three dimension measurement dimensions of the subjects were compared with the direct measurement dimensions, the replica measurement dimensions and the three dimensional measurement dimensions. Second, the 3D flattening pattern reflects the actual shape, length, and area of the actual breast when comparing a brassiere pattern using a 3D shape and pattern reflecting the direct measurement.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2010

The breast types of middle-aged women of 80A (formerly 80B) size were classified through a 3D scanned nude body. Thirty seven measurements including the radius of curvature, surface area, volume, surface length, and breast displacements were used as input variables. We extracted five main factors through the factor analysis of the measurements and classified 36 subjects into 3 clusters through the cluster analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, the size of the breast, breast sag, the curvature of the inner and the outer breast curve, the width of the breast, and the nipple direction were found as the main factors. For the results of the classification of breast types, Cluster 1 was characterized by narrow breast width and unsymmetrical under the breast curve, whereas Cluster 2 was a wide and sagged shape. Cluster 3 was classified into big breast volume and symmetrical under-breast curve. The results are useful to the product development of high quality brassieres which reflect the 3D characteristics of breast types of middle-aged women.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

Although three-dimensional measurement systems for the human body have been studied, there is still an error between the measurements by the two-dimensional measurement method and the three-dimensional scanning method. Especially, in the case of the breast, the outline is not clear. The breast is made up of subcutaneous fat and mammary gland tissue, and it is easy to deform, making it difficult to grasp the exact shape. It is also more difficult to measure photogrammetry or three-dimensional measurement because it is difficult to obtain subjects because of the shame they are reluctant to expose. In this study, the angle and length of the line connecting the measurement points of the breast detail measurement items were compared with the unchanged measurement items such as breast width and center front length using the frontal and lateral photographs taken before and after breast enlargement surgery. The results of the study are as follows. The types of breast before and after surgery were classified into two groups and showed high accuracy rate. Therefore, it was possible to classify the breast type using the frontal and lateral views of the breast, and it was found that The PRM method can distinguish the characteristics of the breast type. Therefore, it can be useful for classifying and discriminating breast types.