• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

The thickness of specimen is an important factor in microscopic researches. Thicker specimen contains more information, but it is difficult to obtain well focused image with precise details due to optical limit of conventional microscope. Recently, a microscope unit that combines improved illumination system, which allows real time three-dimensional (3D) image and automatic z-stack merging software. In this research, we evaluated the usefulness of this unit in observing thick samples; Golgi stained nervous tissue and ground prepared bone, tooth, and non-transparent small sample; zebra fish teeth. Well focused image in thick samples was obtained by processing z-stack images with Panfocal software. A clear feature of neuronal dendrite branching pattern could be taken. 3D features were clearly observed by oblique illumination. Furthermore, 3D array and shape of zebra fish teeth was clearly distinguished. A novel combination of two channel oblique illumination and z-stack imaging process increased depth of field and optimized contrast, which has a potential to be further applied in the field of neuroscience, hard tissue biology, and analysis of small organic structures such as ear ossicles and zebra fish teeth.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2004

Materials and Methods: We studied 50 cases of peroneal perforating branch about branching pattern, course, length of vascular pedicle, and perforating level of the perforating cutaneous branches from Oct. 1985 to November 2003 by doppler flow meter and intraoperative findings. Results: 1) The perforating cutaneous branches were classified into four types, the Straight Branch (27cases), the Proximal Oblique Branch (11cases), the Branch from Muscular Artery (10cases), the Distal Oblique Branch(2 cases) respectively. The most common patten was Straight Branch, that was 54%. 2) There were 3 pathways of these branches, the most common one passed between the Soleus and Peroneus muscles(34 cases, 68%) 3) The length of vascular pedicle in Buoy Flap was variable from from 3 cm to 15 cm, but 32 cases(64%) were distributed between 5 cm and 6 cm. 4) The perforating level of branches were 5.9 cm in average from fibular neck to subcutaneous perforator artery 5) Peroneal Buoy Flap in possible to reconstruct both seperated bone and skin defect in some distance by One-Stage Operation and we can harvest maximal $8{\times}16cm$ sized flap in one perforating artery. If we include more two perforating artery, we get more wide flap which can cover large defect.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 1998

Carrot seedling emgryos showing variations in cotyledon number were selected and anatomical comparisons of the embryo vascular systems were performed between the variants and normal two cotyledonary (5) embryos from 800 seedings germinated . Externally, all of the four and six cotyledonary embryos had two cotyledonary petioles. Each of the cotyledonary petioles divided into two or three on the upper part fo the petiole which result in four and six cotyledons, respectively. However, the embryos had three different cotyledonary petioles in the three cotyledonary embryos. On the basis of the pattern of vascular system, the four and six cotyledonary embryos had the same basic vascular system as fnormal two cotyledonary embryos, Therefore the cotyledon number abnormality could result from the branching split of the abnormally thickened upper part of the cotyledonary petiole. However, the three cotyledonaryembryos had a different vascular system from the normla two cotyledonary embryos. They could be regarded as different varieties form the two cotyledon embryos. All embryos observed had short cylindrical plumule sheath which formed by the fusion of the cotyledon bases. The presence of plumule sheath strontgly implied that the initiation of the cotyledons was not from the two localized primordia but from the circular proimordiu formed at the blobular stageof embryo, and it is not consistent with current views of cotyledon initiation. On the formation of the primary vascular system of carrot seedlings, it is suggested that the primary vascular system of the plumule was formed independently from that of the root-hypocotyle-cotyledon system.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.216-216
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• 2022

The starch-branching enzymes (BEs) are responsible for synthesizing the amylopectin, which plays an important role in determining the structural and physical properties of starch granules. BE has two differently functioning isoforms (BEI and BEIIa/b) based on their difference in the chain-length pattern by the degree of polymerization (DP), which mainly contributes to the amylopectin chain length distribution in starch biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated functional haplotypes and evolutionary analyses of SBE1 in 374 rice accessions (320 Korean bred and 54 wild). The analyses were performed based on the classified subpopulations. Haplotype analysis generates a total of 8 haplotypes, of which only four haplotypes were functional carrying four functional SNPs in four different exons of SBE1 on chromosome 6. Nucleotide diversity analysis showed a highest pi-value in aromatic group (0.0029), while the lowest diversity value was in temperate japonica (0.0002), indicating the signal of this gene evolution origin. Different directional selections could be estimated by negative Tajima's D value of temperate japonica (-1.1285) and positive Tajima's D value of tropical japonica (0.9456), where the selective sweeps were undergone by both positive purifying and balancing selections. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer relationship of the wild with most of the cultivated subgroups indicating a common ancestor for SBE1 gene. FST-values indicate distant genetic relationships of temperate japonica from all other classified groups. PCA and population structure analysis show an admixed structure of wild and cultivated subpopulations in some proportions.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2017

최근 소프트웨어 산업의 발달에 따른 사회적 보안 문제가 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 소프트웨어 안정성 검증을 위해 다양한 자동화 기법들이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 테스팅 기법 중 하나인 동적 기호 실행을 이용해 윈도우 시스템 콜 함수를 대상으로 Use-After-Free 취약점을 자동으로 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 목표 지점을 선정하기 위한 정적 분석 기반 패턴 탐색을 수행한다. 탐지된 패턴 지점을 바탕으로 관심 밖의 영역으로의 분기를 차단하는 유도된 경로 탐색 기법을 적용한다. 이를 통해 기존 동적 기호 실행 기술의 한계점을 극복하고, 실제 목표 지점에서의 취약점 발생 여부를 검증한다. 제안한 방법을 실험한 결과 기존에 수동으로 분석해야 했던 Use-After-Free 취약점을 제안한 자동화 기법으로 탐지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.81-92
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• 1970

So far, the cultivated peony is known to be originated from an indigenous species, Paeonia albiflora $P_{ALLAS}$ var. trichocarpa $B_{UNGE}$ (PAT). In this study, these two species were morphologically examined in the external and internal feature and in the pattern of callus formation by tissue culture. Also, they were compared with another indigenous species, P. japonica $M_{IYABE}$ et $T_{AKEDA}$ var. pilosa $N_{AKAI}$ (PJ), which were regarded as being scarcely related to them. The root of the cultivated peony is massive consisting with several storage roots, each of them is a hypotrophic and fusiform. The root of PAT consists of several storage roots, each of them is branching and slender. And the storage root of PJ is short, bended buried horizontally, protruding a number of corpulent lateral root. The secondary xylem of the cultivated peony is small clusters of vessels and xylem fibres are arranged in scalariform and among these cluster, single vessel is joined, but that of PAT is small clusters of vessels are arranged in separate scalariform but are not connected with each other and that of PJ is vessels and xylem fibers are grouped together in elongated clusters that radiate outward from the center. Protoxylem of the cultivated peony is surrounded by four large metaxylem, but that of PAT and PJ by seven. On the other hand, the callus formation patterns of these peonies were different; the cultivated peony callus is formed in an orderly fashion by the mammalate meristematic cell groups, PAT callus is in disorder by the meristematic cells arranged in linear, and PJ callus is in order by the meristematic cells arranged in linear. By the comparison of three different plants in the anatomical appearance and the callus formation pattern, it is evident that the cultivated peony is not derived from PAT.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2006

둥근잎꿩의비름(Sedum rotundifolium L.) 엽육조직에 대한 초박절편 및 연속 후박절편의 시료를 제작하여 TEM 및 HVEM 고압전자현미경으로 연구하였고, 이로부터 수합된 색소체 결정체 구조의 tilting 및 연속절편 결과에 image processing을 실시하여 세포수준에서의 초미세구조 정보를 추출 3-D 입체구조로 재구현하였다. ${\pm}60^{\circ}$에서의 tilting과 $0.125{\sim}1{\mu}m$에 이르는 연속절편에서 결정체를 구성하는 미세한 관상요소(tubular elements)의 구조적 특성을 조사한 결과, 결정체는 일시적으로 분화 초기단계에서 형성되어 $4{\sim}5{\mu}m$에 이르기까지 크게 여러 형태로 발달하나, 엽육조직이 성숙하면 이들 구조는 색소체에서 완전히 사라지는 특성을 보였다. 결정체를 구성하는 관상의 요소는 절단각도에 따라 격자구조 또는 평행구조를 이루었으며, 이들 구조 내에 형성되어 있는 정교한 구조적 pattern은 회절분석에 의해 확인되었다. 결정체 내에는 규칙적으로 약 20nm의 격자간격으로 이루어진 초미세관상의 요소들이 수백-수천 개 무리지어 발달하였다. 색소체 내에는 이러한 결정체가 하나 이상 형성되기도 하며, 일부 결정체의 경우 결정구조의 말단부위가 국소적으로 융합 또는 분지되기도 하였다. 결정구조는 막으로 둘러싸이지는 않으나, 대부분 틸라코이드 막성계와 밀착하여 발달하였다. 일차적으로 수집된 HVEM 상의 2-D 결과는 디지털화 과정을 거친후 Imod와 3-D Max를 이용하여 3-D 입체구조로 재구현되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1978

소나무 천연집단(天然集團)의 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)해 1974년(年), 1975년(年), 1976년(年)에 각각(各各) 3개집단(個集團)을 조사(調査)한데 이어 1977년(年)에 강원도(江原道) 명주군(溟洲郡) 왕산면(旺山面) 대기리(大基里)(집단(集團) 10)와 경북(慶北) 봉화군(奉化郡) 춘양면(春陽面) 서벽리(西碧里)(집단(集團) 11)와 경기도(京畿道) 양주군(楊州郡) 봉접면(棒接面) 장현리(長峴里)(집단(集團 12)에서 각각(各各) 1개집단(個集團) (한 집단(集團)에서 20주(株))씩의 임분(林分)을 택(擇)하여 각임목개체(各林木個體)를 조사(調査)하였다. 대상임목(對象林木)은 외부형태학적(外部形態學的) 특성(特性), 침엽(針葉)의 특성(特性), 재질(材質)의 특성(特性)이 조사분석(調査分析)되었고 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 3개집단(個集團)의 평균임령(平均林齡)은 40~45년간(年間)에 있고, 왕산(旺山), 봉화집단(奉化集團)의 성장(成長)은 비슷하나 양주집단(楊州集團)은 부진(不振)한 편이였다. 지하고율(枝下高率)은 봉화집단(奉化集團)이 0.53로 가장 높은 값이었고, 수관지수(樹冠指數)는 양주집단(楊州集團)이 1.65로 불량(不良)하다고 생각되었다. 세지성(細枝性)은 왕산집단(旺山集團)이 좋았고, 봉화집단(奉化集團)의 분지각(分枝角)이 가장 좁았고 수관장(樹冠長)은 양주(楊州)다. 기공열수(氣孔列數)와 집단(集團)이 가장 작았다. 2. 지하고대(枝下高對) 수고율(樹高率) 그리고 수관지수(樹冠指數)의 빈도분포(頻度分布)를 보면 집단간(集團間)에 차이(差異)가 있는 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 3. 0.5cm장(長)당의 거치밀도(鋸齒密度)는 3개집단(個集團) 모두 약 28로서 집단간(集團間), 집단내(集團內), 개체간(個體間) 모두 유의차(有意差)는 없었고, 수지도수(樹脂道數)에 있어서는 집단간(集團間), 집단내(集團內), 개체간(個體間) 모두 유의차(有意差)가 나타났다. 4. 수지도지수(樹脂道指數)(R.D.I.)에 있어서는 양주집단(楊州集團)이 0.119로서 다른 두 집단(集團)보다 큰 값을 나타냈다. 5. 10년단위(年單位) 평균(平均) 연륜폭(年輪輻)에 있어서 집단간(集團間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었고, 집단내(集團內) 개체간(個體間)의 연륜구분간(年輪區分間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 6. 평균추재율(平均秋材率)에 있어서는 집단간(集團間) 차이(差異)가 없었으나, range에 있어서 차이(差異)가 있었다. 7. 목재비중(木材比重)은 평균치(平均値)에 있어서 집단간(集團間) 차이(差異)가 없었으나, range에 있어서는 차이(差異)가 수령(樹齡)의 증가(增加)에 따라 왕산(旺山), 봉화집단(奉化集團)은 증가(增加)하나, 양주집단(楊州集團)은 감소(減少)하였다. 8. 가도관장(假導菅長)에는 집단간차이(集團間差異)가 없고 range 또한 비슷하고 수령(樹齡)의 증가(增加)에 따라 그 길이가 증가(增加)하고 있었다. 증가경향(增加傾向)에는 집단간차이(集團間差異)가 없었다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1996

Phyllodes tumor(PT) is a rare distinctive fibroepithelial breast tumor that occasionally shows unpredictable clinical behavior. Wide excision should be the primary treatment of PT and enucleation, the standard procedure for fibroadenoma(FA), is proscribed due to high frequency of local recurrence. Therefore an accurate preoperative diagnosis of PT is essential in order to ensure proper surgical treatment. However, the differentiation between benign PT and FA is often difficult on the basis of cytologic findings. In an attempt to better understand the cytologic features of benign PT and possibly to differentiate PT from FA on the findings of fine needle aspiration(FNA) smears, we reviewed cytologic smears from 22 histologically diagnosed cases each of benign PT and FA, respectively. The cytologic features assessed were cellularity and atypia of both epithelial and stromal components, and shape of epithelial cell clusters. Atypia of stromal cells was more frequent in PT, while blunt branching pattern of epithelial cells was more frequent in FA. The specific cytologic diagnosis of PT is not possible in many cases, but the abundance of stromal cells with moderate nuclear atypia in the correct clinical setting such as older age and larger size(>4cm) allows the diagnosis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

동해, 여수 및 영광에서 2001년 11월과 2002년 12월에 채집된 히드라해파리를 동정$\cdot$분류한 결과 노란무늬지상해파리 (Proboscidactyla flavicirrata) 보야 누스두겹관해파리 (Diphyes bojani) 및 바르그만머그관해파리 (Muggiaea bargmannae)가 한국미기록종으로 밝혀져 재기재하고 보고한다. 본 연구의 결과 지금까지 밝혀진 한국 해산 히드라해파리는 5목 15과 18종이 된다.