• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) is a prior step to Alzheimer's Disease(AD). It is different from AD which is seriously affecting daily life. Particularly, the hippocampus could be charged a crucial function for forming memory. MCI has a high risk about progress to AD. Our investigated research for a relationship between hippocampus and AD has been studied. The measurement of hippocampus volumetric is one of the most commonly used method. The three dimensional reconstructed medical images could be passible to interpret and its examination in various aspects but the cost of brain research with the medical equipment is very high. In this study, 3D visualization was performed from a series of brain Magnetic Resonance Images(MRI) and we have designed and implemented a competitive software tool based on the open libraries of Visualization ToolKit(VTK). Consequently, our visualization software tool could be useful to various medical fields and specially prognosis and diagnosis for MCI patients.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2013

Mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) are of particular interest because of their role in brain development and function. Recent findings suggest the intimate involvement of programmed cell death (PCD) in the turnover of NSCs. However, the underlying mechanisms of PCD are largely unknown. Although apoptosis is the best-defined form of PCD, accumulating evidence has revealed a wide spectrum of PCD encompassing apoptosis, autophagic cell death (ACD) and necrosis. This mini-review aims to illustrate a unique regulation of PCD in NSCs. The results of our recent studies on autophagic death of adult hippocampal neural stem (HCN) cells are also discussed. HCN cell death following insulin withdrawal clearly provides a reliable model that can be used to analyze the molecular mechanisms of ACD in the larger context of PCD. More research efforts are needed to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of NSC turnover under degenerating conditions, such as aging, stress and neurological diseases. Efforts aimed at protecting and harnessing endogenous NSCs will offer novel opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathologies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2015

Odin has been implicated in the downstream signaling pathway of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor and Eph receptors. However, the physiologically relevant function of Odin needs to be further determined. In this study, we used Odin heterozygous mice to analyze the Odin expression pattern; the targeted allele contained a ${\beta}$-geo gene trap vector inserted into the 14t intron of the Odin gene. Interestingly, we found that Odin was exclusively expressed in ependymal cells along the brain ventricles. In particular, Odin was highly expressed in the subcommissural organ, a small ependymal glandular tissue. However, we did not observe any morphological abnormalities in the brain ventricles or ependymal cells of Odin null-mutant mice. We also generated BAC transgenic mice that expressed the PTB-deleted Odin (dPTB) after a floxed GFP-STOP cassette was excised by tissue-specific Cre expression. Strikingly, Odin-dPTB expression played a causative role in the development of the hydrocephalic phenotype, primarily in the midbrain. In addition, Odin-dPTB expression disrupted proper development of the subcommissural organ and interfered with ependymal cell maturation in the cerebral aqueduct. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Odin plays a role in the differentiation of ependymal cells during early postnatal brain development.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 학습집중력을 향상 시킬 수 있는 시트를 제작 하였다. 학습집중력의 향상을 입증하기 위하여 인체내에 존재하고 있는 조영제를 이용하여 공간적 시간적 해상도가 뛰어나고 비침습적으로 뇌기능을 측정할 수 있는 기능적 자기공명영상을 획득하고 뇌파측정을 한 결과 기억작용과 관련 있는 전두엽 부근의 뇌혈류량의 활성화를 확인할 수 있었고 뇌파 측정 분석결과 절대알파파와 절대베타파의 비율에서 유의할 만한 변화를 확인하였다. 기능적자기공명 영상은 뇌의 생리기능적 역할을 규명 의학적으로 수술 전후 장애를 방지하고 예방하는데 활용하고 있으며 뇌신경망의 가시화로 학습 집중력 등과 같은 뇌와 관련된 제품을 개발하는데 많은 연구가 이루어질 것이다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.583-587
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• 1997

Incubation of an NADPH-dependent succinic semialdehyde reductase from bovine brain with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of $6.8\times{10}^3$ $M^-1$ $min^{-1}$. The inactivation was prevented by preincubation of the enzyme with substrate succinic semialdehyde, but not with coenzyme NADPH. There was a linear relation-ship between oxindole formation and the loss of enzyme activity. Spectro-photometric studies indicated that about one oxindole group per molecule of the enzyme was formed following complete loss of enzymatic activity. It is suggested that the catalytic function of succinic semialdehyde reductase is modulated by binding of NBS to a specific tryptophan residue at or near the substrate binding site of the enzyme.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2013

Objective: This paper is to analyze the impact of musical training to the fast ${\alpha}$ wave activation of the EEG. Background: EEG is neurological research method that can observe the brain function in real time. EEG can be used to determine the nervousness and relaxedness of a person who receives stimuli in a structured environment. Therefore, it is possible to interpret the functional state of human brain by the analysis of EEG. Method: The brain activities of two groups of university students in the point of RFA(Relative Fast Alpha) caused by different music are analyzed in this paper. One is the group of music majors and the other is the group of non-majors. Results: Music major and non-major groups show meaningful differences in RFA during exposed to classic and metal music. Conclusion: Learning experience on music affects RFA increment of music majors. Application: The result of this study will be used as basic data to evaluate the learning effects of students who want to study music.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2021

Ginseng has long been considered as an herbal medicine. Recent data suggest that ginseng has antiinflammatory properties and can improve learning- and memory-related function in the central nervous system (CNS) following the development of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and other neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of ginseng in the neurovascular unit, which is composed of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neural stem cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, especially their blood-brain barrier maintenance, anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative functions. In addition, cell-cell communication enhanced by ginseng may be attributed to regeneration via induction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in CNS diseases. Thus, ginseng may have therapeutic potential to exert cognitive improvement in neuroinflammatory diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2022

The B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 play a key role in a wide range of cellular activities including proliferation, apoptosis, and cell growth via modulating a variety of central biological steps such as transcription, post-transcriptional, and translation. BTG1 and BTG2 have been identified by genomic profiling of B-cell leukemia and diverse lymphoma types where both genes are commonly mutated, implying that they serve as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, a low expression level of BTG1 or BTG2 in solid tumors is frequently associated with malignant progression and poor treatment outcomes. As physiological aspects, BTG1 and BTG2 have been discovered to play a critical function in regulating quiescence in hematopoietic lineage such as Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and naive and memory T cells, highlighting their novel role in maintaining the quiescent state. Taken together, emerging evidence from the recent studies suggests that BTG1 and BTG2 play a central anti-proliferative role in various tissues and cells, indicating their potential as targets for innovative therapeutics.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 1994

연구배경 : 사건관계 전위와 신경심리 검사의 상호관계를 연구함으로 각각의 사건 관계 전위의 신경심리학적 의미와 그 전위가 발생되기 위해 어떠한 뇌 기능과 뇌 구조가 연관되는지를 조사해 보려고 하였다. 연구방법 : 56 명의 환자에서 시각 유발 전위 P100과 사건 관계 전위 N120 과 P300 의 전위 및 잠복기와 여러 신경심리 검사의 상호관계를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 시각 유발 전위 (VEP) 의 P100의 잠복기와 상관 관계를 보인 신경심리 검사는 시각지속수행 검사, 조건화 지속 수행 검사였다. 그러나 P100 의 전위와는 유의한 상관관계가 있는 검사는 없었다. N120 잠복기와 범주 검사, KWIS 의 언어성 지능 등이 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. N120 전위는 수지력 검사, 시각 지속 수행 검사, 조건화 지속 수행 검사, 숫자 상정 검사 등이었다. P300 의 잠복기는 선로 잇기 A 검사와 Stroop 검사와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. P300의 전위는 선로 잇기 B 검사, 숫자 상정 검사, Wechsler 기억 척도, 수지력 검사, Stroop 검사, 시각 지속 수행 검사, 조건화 지속 수행 검사 등과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : N120 은 전두엽의 내측을 가장 예민하게 반영할 수 있는 검사이며 P300 은 내측두엽, 해마체, 시상, 기저핵 및 내전두엽 동의 피질하 구조가 밀집하게 관계되어 발생되는 전위로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds and organochlorine pesticides have the ability to disrupt endocrine function in animals, and alter cog-nitive function. Because hormone mediated events play an important role in central nervous system development and function, the changes in cognitive function seem to be mediated by the endocrine-like action of these chemicals. The present study therefore was designed to investigate effect of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical on neuro-behavial patterns, and expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase, a limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis pathway. BPA was treated orally for 3 weeks into 3 week old mice, and then the neuro-behavial patterns (stereo-type behaviors such as jumping rearing and forepaw tremor, climbing behavior, tail flick, rotarod and locomotor activity), and the expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase were deter-mined every 3 week for 9 weeks. During the treatment of BPA, the food uptake and body weight increase were not significantly changed. BPA resulted in the increased stereotype behaviors (jump-ing, rearing and forepaw tremor) 6 or 9 weeks after treatment. The time response to tail flick and locomotor activity were decreased by the treatment of BPA, whereas the time for rotarod was increased by the treatment of BPA. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta was increased in the brain and pituitary gland. Maximum expression was found in the brain after 9 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment and in the pituitary gland after 6 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment. Tyrosine hydroxylase was increased in dose and time dependent manners in the brain but no change was found in the pituitary gland. The present data show that exposure of BPA in the young mice could alter expression of estrogen receptors and dopamine synthesis pathway, thereby modulate neuro-behavial patterns (increase of stereotype behaviors but decrease locomotor activity).