• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2012

It is rare for low-grade gliomas to disseminate to the leptomeninges. However, low-grade gliomas with dissemination to the leptomeninges have been occasionally reported in children, and have generally been associated with local recurrence. A 16-year-old boy sought evaluation for diplopia and gait disturbance. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed pontine mass, which was proved to be fibrillary astrocytoma on biopsy, later. Radiation therapy (5400 cGy) was given and the patient's symptoms were improved. He was followed-up radiologically for brain lesion. Seven months after diagnosis he complained of back pain and gait disturbance. A brain MRI showed a newly-developed lesion at the left cerebellopontine angle without an interval change in the primary lesion. A spinal MRI demonstrated leptomeningeal dissemination of the entire spine. Radiation therapy (3750 cGy) to the spine, and adjuvant chemotherapy with a carboplatin plus vincristine regimen were administered. However, he had a progressive course with tumoral hemorrhage and expired 13 months after diagnosis. We report an unusual case of a low-grade brainstem glioma with spinal dissemination, but without local recurrence, and a progressive course associated with hemorrhage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.6
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• pp.1367-1372
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• 2023

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis in the central nervous system. Herein, we report a case of diagnosis and treatment of necrotic pattern PACNS, which was difficult to differentiate from a brain abscess. A 19-year-old male presented with blurred vision and a headache. Brain MRI revealed irregular rim-enhancing necrotic masses with central diffusion-high signal intensity in the corpus callosum and peripheral diffusion-high signal intensity in the left parietotemporal periventricular area. Susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed multiple punctate hemorrhages in the lesions. The patient was diagnosed with unusual abscess or tumefactive PACNS. Therefore, we initially treated the patient with antibiotics to rule out brain abscess. However, the brain lesions did not improve on follow-up MRI after the antibiotic treatment. Surgical biopsy was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was PACNS with a necrotic pattern. The necrotic lesions became smaller on follow-up MRI after high-dose corticosteroid treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.441-453
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• 2023

Purpose To evaluate the development, location, and volume of a VX2 carcinoma using four inoculation methods in a rabbit brain. Materials and Methods Inoculation of a VX2 cell suspension was performed 1) on the appointed day, 2) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a freezer or 3) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a deep freezer after sacrificing the donor rabbits. 4) Without sacrificing the rabbits, the VX2 cell suspension was obtained using a gun biopsy, inoculation was performed on the appointed day. MR imaging was performed 10 days after inoculation. Brain tissues were obtained the day after. The development, location, and volume of the tumor were evaluated. Results Seventeen of the 18 rabbits inoculated on the appointed day developed tumors (average tumor volume, 106.32 mm³). One of five inoculated seven days after storing the VX2 tumor in the freezer, and three of five inoculated seven days after storing the VX2 tumor in the deep freezer developed tumors. Inoculation with a VX2 cell suspension obtained with a gun biopsy from five rabbits revealed development of tumors in only two rabbits. The tumors mostly developed in the superficial cortex. Conclusion TVX2 rabbit brain tumor model is easy to develop and revealed variable reproducibility. This model can be applicable in radiologic imaging, treatment planning, interventional treatment and drug delivery research. VX2 cell can be successfully innoculated into the brain using variable methods under researcher's variable conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.774-776
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• 2001

We report a 35-year old female patient with history of seizure and mass which was confirmed as a plasma cell granuloma, arising in the left parietal area. The mass appeared on magnetic resonance imaging as well circumscribed area of decreased signal that markedly enhanced with administration of the contrast. Pathologically, biopsy showed a mixed cellular population with considerable numbers of plasma cells along with eosinophils and lymphocytes and the tumors was characterized immunohistochemically by polyclonal population of lymphoid cells.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-197
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• 2015

Artifacts can seriously degrade the quality of computed tomography (CT) images, sometimes to the point of making them diagnostically unusable. Here, we report an unusual CT artifact that could have resulted in the misdiagnosis of a hyperdense hemorrhagic lesion in a 55-year-old man. The author recommend that when hemorrhagic lesion in posterior fossa is suggested on CT, the physician should carefully consider all patient-related clinical data prior to considering surgical intervention or a biopsy. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help in preventing the misdiagnosis as hemorrhage of CT scan.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2014

A differential diagnosis between neurosarcoidosis and neurosyphilis is particularly problematic in patients with a positive serologic result for syphilis. We report here a patient with a solitary cavernous sinus sarcoidosis who had a history of syphilis and showed rapidly progressing cavernous sinus syndrome. A transsphenoidal biopsy was performed and a histopathologic examination revealed a non-caseating granuloma with an asteroid body. His facial pain disappeared after steroid therapy. He received oral prednisolone for one year. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed resolution of the mass over the cavernous sinus. Particularly in patients with a history of syphilis, neurosyphilis should be included in a differential diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2006

Central nervous system[CNS] involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia may occur. However, CNS involvement as a first manifestation of leukemia is very rare. An 8-year-old girl complained of a backache after playing in the water. Neurological examination detected progressing paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] of the thoracolumbar spine showed a well-circumscribed homogeneous posterior extradural mass lesion extending from T7 to T9. MRI of the brain showed diffused fatty marrow replacement of the calvarium and the skull base. We report a patient with epidural Burkitt's lymphoma of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra causing compression of the spinal cord after pathologic evaluation. The tumor consisted mainly of lymphoblastic cells, which were identical to those originally seen in the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After decompressive laminectomy she began consolidation chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2007

Intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is extremely rare. We report a case of intracranial epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which developed in a 55-year-old man who presented with dysarthria for two weeks. The brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance image showed masses which had fat component at the left frontal convexity and at left posterior parietal area. Excisional biopsy at the left frontal convexity confirmed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is immunopositive for CD31, supporting endothelial differentiation, and negative for CD68, SMA and HMB-45.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.554-556
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• 2015

Primary intracranial malignant melanoma is a very rare and highly aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. A 66-year-old female patient presented a headache that had been slowly progressing for several months. A large benign pigmented skin lesion was found on her back. A brain MRI showed multiple linear signal changes with branching pattern and strong enhancement in the temporal lobe. The cytological and immunohiostochemical cerebrospinal fluid examination confirmed malignant melanoma. A biopsy confirmed that the pigmented skin lesion on the back and the conjunctiva were benign nevi. We report a case of primary intracranial malignant melanoma and review relevant literatures.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.177-180
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• 2008

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is slowly progressive disease that affects a small area of cells in the mid brain known as the substantia nigra. Gradual degeneration of these cells causes a reduction in a vital chemical known as dopamine. In the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it has difficulty in biopsy and limits in radiologic modalities. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET shows various findings from normal to diffuse decrement of FDG uptake. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be a evaluation tool in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.