• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a test that diagnoses epilepsy and measures brain function. During EEG, the space between the electrode and the skin is filled with a conductive paste to reduce the impedance between the electrode and the scalp, which helps measure the EEG signals. This study compared the artifacts of the two representative conductive pastes (Ten20 and Elefix). The artifacts, noise, and satisfaction were surveyed after using the two conductive pastes. The two conductive pastes had similar artifacts and noise, but the survey results showed that the Elefix conductive paste had better satisfaction and adhesion. This result may be explained by the imprinting effect according to the experience of using the Elefix conductive paste first in the EEG class. Hence, further research is needed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze translational and rotational adjustments during automatic rigid image-registration by using different control parameters for a total of five groups on TomoTherapy (Accuray Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). We selected a total of 50 patients and classified them in five groups (brain, head-and-neck, lung, abdomen and pelvic) and used a total of 500 megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image sets for the analysis. From this we calculated the overall mean value(M) for systematic and random errors after applying the different control parameters. After randomization of the patients into the five groups, we found that the overall mean value varied according to three techniques and resolutions. The deviation for the lung, abdomen and pelvic groups was approximately greater than the deviation for the brain and head-and-neck groups in all adjustments. Overall, using a "full-image" produces smaller deviations in the rotational adjustments. We found that rotational adjustment has deviations with distinctly different control parameters. We concluded that using a combination of the "full-image" technique and "standard" resolution will be helpful in assisting with patients' repositioning and in correcting for set-up errors prior to radiotherapy on TomoTherapy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2010

Purpose: Because of limitation of image acquisition method and acquisition time, scatter correction cannot perform easily in SPECT study. But in our hospital, could provide to clinic doctor of scatter corrected images, through introduction of new generation gamma camera has function of simple scatter correction. Taking this opportunity, we will compare scatter corrected and non-scatter corrected image from image quality of point of view. Materials and Methods: We acquisite the 'Hoffman brain phantom' SPECT image and '1mm line phantom' SPECT image, each 18 times, with GE Infinia Hawkeye 4, SPECT-CT gamma camera. At first, we calculated each contrast from axial slice of scatter corrected and non-scatter corrected SPECT image of 'Hoffman brain phantom'. and next, calculated each FWHM of horizontal and vertical from axial slice of scatter corrected and non-scatter corrected SPECT image of '1mm line phantom'. After then, we attempted T test analysis with SAS program on data, contrast and resolution value of scatter corrected and non-scatter corrected image. Results: The contrast of scatter corrected image, elevated from 0.3979 to 0.3509. And the resolution of scatter corrected image, elevated from 3.4822 to 3.6375. p value were 0.0097 in contrast and <0.0001 in resolution. We knew the fact that do improve of contrast and resolution through scatter correction. Conclusion: We got the improved SPECT image through simple and easy way, scatter correct. We will expect to provide improved images, from contrast and resolution point of view. to our clinic doctor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2001

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a cholesterol diet(Control group) or cholesterol diets supplemented with the water-soluble extract of stem bark from Morus alba(M group) or Cudrania tricuspidata(C group) at the level of 1% for 2 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol and phospholipid in serum of C group and triglyceride in serum of M group were lower than those of control group. Concentration of cholesterol in liver of M and C groups has a tendency to be lower than that of control group. Antioxidative activities of water-soluble extracts from stem bark of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata on the peroxidation of lipid in tissues of rats were also studied in vivo by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Concentration of TBARS in kidney of M and C groups was significantly lower than control group. However, concentration of TBARS in liver and brain of C and M groups was significantly higher than in control group. The result that concentration of nonheme ion was significantly increased in liver of the mulberry supplemented groups comparision to control group, suggested that enhanced concentration of nonheme ion was associated with enhanced peroxidation of lipid in this group. Concentration of TBARS in microsomes of liver and brain in control group induced with $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate increased by reaction time at $37^{\circ}C$, whereas this observation in liver did not occurred in C and M groups. This study suggested that water-extract from stem bark of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata exert hypotriglycerolemic effect as well as antioxidative effect in kidney and liver microsomes in rats fed a cholesterol diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2021

To evaluate the protective effect of Codium fragile on fine dust (PM2.5)-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated its antioxidant activity and cell protective effect on PM2.5-exposed cells. The 40% ethanolic extract of C. fragile showed the highest total phenolic content, whereas the water extract of C. fragile showed the highest total polysaccharide content. The protective effect of the extracts on PM2.5-induced oxidative damage in nasal cavity (RPMI2650), lung (A549), brain (MC-IXC), hippocampus (HT-22), and microglia (BV-2) cells was evaluated by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and cell viability. The results showed that the 40% ethanolic extract more efficiently inhibited ROS production than the water extract. In contrast, PM2.5-exposed cells treated with the water extract showed higher viability than those treated with the 40% ethanolic extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.344-359
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• 2022

Purpose To develop a denoising convolutional neural network-based image processing technique and investigate its efficacy in diagnosing breast cancer using low-dose mammography imaging. Materials and Methods A total of 6 breast radiologists were included in this prospective study. All radiologists independently evaluated low-dose images for lesion detection and rated them for diagnostic quality using a qualitative scale. After application of the denoising network, the same radiologists evaluated lesion detectability and image quality. For clinical application, a consensus on lesion type and localization on preoperative mammographic examinations of breast cancer patients was reached after discussion. Thereafter, coded low-dose, reconstructed full-dose, and full-dose images were presented and assessed in a random order. Results Lesions on 40% reconstructed full-dose images were better perceived when compared with low-dose images of mastectomy specimens as a reference. In clinical application, as compared to 40% reconstructed images, higher values were given on full-dose images for resolution (p < 0.001); diagnostic quality for calcifications (p < 0.001); and for masses, asymmetry, or architectural distortion (p = 0.037). The 40% reconstructed images showed comparable values to 100% full-dose images for overall quality (p = 0.547), lesion visibility (p = 0.120), and contrast (p = 0.083), without significant differences. Conclusion Effective denoising and image reconstruction processing techniques can enable breast cancer diagnosis with substantial radiation dose reduction.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to verify the emotional response of user to LED light colors in healing bed system in cypress tree. Eight colors of LED light were provided including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet and white. And three illumination color temperature were provided including 3,000K, 5,000K, 8,000K. Seven subjects in their twenties were involved without the medical history of eyes and heart disorders. The subjects were exposed to LED lighting during 5 minutes and their emotional response was evaluated through the following: first, at the physiological effect heart rate variability(HRV) was measured during the stimulation; second, at the emotion level the subjects were asked about lighting color and color temperature through a survey. Results, lower color temperature of 3,000K and green color shows high value on HRV. We have found that there is a difference of physiological and emotion level effect depending on color stimulus. This study could be applied to reference data to analysis of a decrease in fatique and charges of brain waves for color stimulus.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2018

In the present study, we assessed the effecs of fruit and vegetable bark resources rich in beneficial substances on the learning ability and memory improvement. It functions to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase in brain tissue and improve cognitive functions in a simulation model of cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine. Hence, it can promote memory and learning ability. The formulation of the fruit and vegetable bark uses the extract of fruit and vegetable peels, which has long been used without causing toxicity in a wide range of food applications. Therefore, it can be used safely without a risk of side effects, even in the case of a long-term administration for the preventive purpose. Furthermore, the present study is a very beneficial study in the environment-friendly aspect in association with recycling of resources as it is based on the novel efficacies of fruit and vegetable barks which have been conventionally disposed as a refuse of fruits due to their poor sensory qualities despite the content of beneficial substances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) promote the development of brain and vision of the fetus, relieve inflammation, inhibit oral dysplasia of rumor cell, decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease and regulate arrhythmia. ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase is the rate-limited enzyme in the desaturation process. This study reports the cloning, characterization and tissue expression of a ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase gene in the chicken. PCR primers were designed based on the predicted sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase (accession number: XM421053) and used to isolate a cDNA fragment of 1,323 bp from chicken liver. Based on the 1,323 bp fragment an EST (BI390105) was obtained by BLAST. The EST and 5'nd of the 1,323 bp fragment were partially overlapped. Gene specific primers derived from the EST were used for amplification of the 5'nd. Another gene-specific primer derived from the 1,323 bp fragment was used for amplification of the 3'nd by 3'ACE. Then the three overlapping cDNA sequences obtained were assembled with DNAMAN software and a full-length ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase of 2,153 bp was obtained. The full-length cDNA contained an ORF of 1,335 bp with a 5'ntranslated region of 147 nucleotides followed by an ATG initiation codon. Stop codon TGA was at position 1,481-1,483 bp. The deduced amino acids shared an homology above 77% with bovine, mice, orangutan, rat and human. The protein sequence had three histidine-rich regions HDFGH (HisI region), HFQHH (HisII region) and HH (HisIII region), a cytochrome $b_{5}$-like domain containing a heme-binding motif and two transmembrane domains. Sequence analysis of the chicken genomic DNA revealed that the coding sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase included 12 exons and 11 introns. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase expression levels were in turn liver, spleen, pancreas, lung, breast muscle, heart, and abdominal fat. The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in liver was significantly higher than that in breast muscle (p<0.01). The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in lung was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat (p<0.01). This is the first clone of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase.