• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2003

Objective : The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Gamiheechum-tang (Jiaweixiqian-tang; GHCT) on brain tissue damage from chemical or ischemic insults. Methods : Levels of cultured cortical neuron death caused by toxic chemicals were measured by LDH release assay. Neuroprotective effects of GHCT on brain tissues were examined in vivo by ischemic model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Results : Animal groups treated with GBCT showed significantly decreased hypertension, and reduced levels of aldosterone, dopamine, and epinephrine in the plasma. GHCT treatments ($l0-200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) significantly decreased cultured cortical neuron death mediated by AMPA, kainate, BSO, or Fe2+ when measured by LDH release assay. Yet, cell death mediated by NMDA was effectively protected by GHCT at the highest concentration examined ($200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$). In the in vivo experiment examining brain damage by MCA occlusion, affected brain areas by ischemic damage and edema were significantly less in animal groups administered with GHCT compared to the non-treated control group. Neurological examinations of forelimbs and hindlimbs showed that GHCT treatment improved animals' recovery from ischemic injury. Moreover, the extent of injury in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in ischemic rats was much reduced by GHCT, whose morphological features were similarly observed in non-ischemic animals. Conclusion : The present data suggest that GBCT may play an important role in protecting brain tissues from chemical or ischemic injuries.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2023

뇌농양은 생명을 위협할 수 있는 심각한 중추신경계 감염으로 특히 소아에서는 증상이 모호하여 시의적절한 진단이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 종종 발생한다. 저자들은 면역력이 정상인 소아에서 드문 병원체에 의한 중추신경계 감염을 진단 및 치료하여 보고하는 바이다. 7년 전 심방중격결손을 진단받았고, 1달 전부터 충치 치료를 받은 과거력이 있는 10세 여아가 10일 전 발생한 두통을 주소로 입원하였다. 뇌자기공명영상에서 4.2 cm 크기의 뇌농양이 오른쪽 두정엽에서 발견되어 두개골절개술과 농양 흡인을 시행하였다. 흡인된 농과 조직에서 Aggregatibacter aphrophilus가 배양되었고, 16S rRNA sequencing에서 Actinomyces georgiae가 확인되어 ampicillin-sulbactam을 8주간 투여하였다. 수술 및 항균요법으로 환자의 증상이 호전되었고, 추적한 뇌자기공명영상에서 농양과 부종도 호전되어 치료를 종료하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2015

Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma is a rare WHO Grade I subtype of meningioma. The lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma does not have typical imaging features of a meningioma so it can mimic intracranial inflammatory condition or brain neoplasm. We report the clinicopathologic features of lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma in a 35-year-old woman. She suffered from progressive headache, dizziness and tinnitus over two years. The tumor exhibited atypical neuroimaging features, including obvious peritumoral edema and irregular enhancing components. She underwent total resection and histologic examination revealed a meningioma with numerous plasma cells. Her symptoms have since resolved and there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence after one year of follow-up.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 2009

A 52-year-old man was found dead in the driver's seat of his tank lorry. The tank lorry was used to transport industrial wastewater to a disposal plant; the material was transferred into a storage tank with the help of compressed air. The wastewater contained methylene chloride and 2-chloropyridine. No respiratory protective equipment was used while working under these conditions. The autopsy report showed extensive edema and congestion of the brain, lung, and intraperitoneal organs. The concentrations of methylene chloride in lung and brain were reported at 398 and 67 mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2020

Influenza is a common disease that causes epidemics yearly due to the influenza virus. If patients with influenza present with rare symptoms, the diagnosis may be delayed and the condition is difficult to treat. A 5-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with fever and cramps. Brain computed tomography showed low attenuation in the thalamus and brain stem, which was suggestive of encephalopathy caused by influenza virus. Another 5-year-old girl visited the emergency room with mild fever and painful calf edema. She was diagnosed with myositis caused by influenza and treated accordingly.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2010

Objective : Streptococcus pyogenes is a beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to Lancefield serogroup A, also known as group A streptococci (GAS). There have been five reported case in terms of PubMed-based search but no reported case of brain abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as a result of penetrating skull injury. We present a patient who suffered from penetrating skull injury that resulted in a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods : The patient was a 12-year-old boy who fell down from his bicycle while cycling and ran into a tree. A wooden stick penetrated his skin below the right lower eyelid and advanced to the cranium. He lost consciousness on the fifth day of the incident and his body temperature was measured as $40^{\circ}C$. While being admitted to our hospital, a cranial computed tomography revealed a frontal cystic mass with a perilesional hypodense zone of edema. There was no capsule formation around the lesion after intravenous contrast injection. Paranasal CT showed a bone defect located between the ethmoidal sinus and lamina cribrosa. Results : Bifrontal craniotomy was performed. The abscess located at the left frontal lobe was drained and the bone defect was repaired. Conclusion : Any penetrating lesion showing a connection between the lamina cribrosa and ethmoidal sinus may result in brain abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. These patients should be treated urgently to repair the defect and drain the abscess with appropriate antibiotic therapy started due to the fulminant course of the brain abscess caused by this microorganism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.728-737
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• 2003

This study was investigated to prove the effect of GMGHT on the gultamate receptor, free radical and brain damage in rats sujected to Brain Ischemia The results were as follows; 1, GMGHT showed significant inhibitory effect of GMGHT on LDH release induced by NMDA, AMPA, and kinate. 2. GMGHT showed significant inhibitory effect of GMGHT on LDH release induced by BSO and Fe/sup 2+/. 3. GMGHT decreased coma duration time in a infatal dose of KCN and showed 30% of survival rate in a fatal dose. 4. GMGHT decreased ischemic area and edema incited by the MCA blood flow block. 5. GMGHT showed improvement of forelimb and hindlimb test after MCA occulusion in neurological exemination. 6. GMGHT showed no significant change after MCA occulusion in pathological observation as normal group. These results indicate that GMGHT can be used in the brain damage sujected to Brain Ischemia. Further study will be needed about the functional mechanism and etc.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2004

To determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings and natural history of cerebral fat embolism in a cat model, and to correlate the MR imaging and histologic fmdings. Intemel carotid artery of 11 cats was injected with 0.1 ml of triolein. T2-weighted, T1-weighted and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images were obtained serially for 2 hours, 1 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after embolization. Any abnormal signal intensity was evaluated. After MR imaging at 3 weeks, brain tissue was obtained for light microscopic (LM) examination using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Luxol fast blue staining, and for electron microscopic examination. The LM examination with HE staining revealed normal histological findings in the greater part of an embolized lesion. Cystic change was observed in the gray matter of 8 cats, while in the gray and white matter of 3 cats. At LM examination, Luxol fast blue, staining demonstrated demyelination around the cystic change occurring in the white matter, and EM examination of the embolized cortex revealed sporadic intracapillary fat vacuoles (n=11) and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (n=4). Most lesions were normal, however, and perivascular interstitial edema and cellular swelling were mild compared with the control side. The greater part of an embolized lesion showed reversible findings at MR and histological examination. Irreversible focal necrosis was, however, observed in gray and white matter at weeks 3.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.934-938
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• 2003

저자들은 신생아기에 경련을 보였던 환아에서 소변의 N-acetylaspartic acid의 정량검사를 통해 확진하였으며, 뇌자기공명 소견상 뇌백질의 퇴행성변화를 보였던 Canavan 병 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2001

A 51-year-old woman presented with sudden severe headache, vomiting, and right hemiparesis at first admission. Computed tomography(CT) scans revealed an hemorrhagic density at left basal ganglia. Preoperative cerebral angiography showed no vascular lesion. Under the diagnosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), total extirpation of hematoma was done. The postoperative neurological condition improved gradually and discharged without any neurological sequelae. Two months later, she revisited with headache, vomiting and progressive right hemiparesis. CT scans at second admission showed an irregular rim enhanced mass with central low density with surrounding edema at the initial bleeding area. Repeated craniotomy was performed and the mass was partially removed. The histopathological diagnosis of the specimen was confirmed as glioblastoma. The authors report a glioblastoma, which occurred at initial ICH site and regarded as a brain abscess with literature review.