• Title/Summary/Keyword: Box-Behnken-Design

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Disinfection of E. coli Using Electro-UV Complex Process: Disinfection Characteristics and Optimization by the Design of Experiment Based on the Box-Behnken Technique (전기-UV 복합 공정을 이용한 E. coli 소독 : 실험계획법중 박스-벤켄법을 이용한 소독 특성 및 최적화)

  • Kim, Dong-Seog;Park, Young-Seek
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.889-900
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    • 2010
  • The experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the electro-UV complex process for the disinfection of E. coli in the water. The disinfection reactions of electro-UV process were mathematically described as a function of parameters power ($X_1$), NaCl dosage ($X_2$), initial pH ($X_3$) and disinfection time ($X_4$) being modeled by use of the Box-Behnken technique. The application of RSM using the Box-Behnken technique yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the residual E. coli number and test variables in actual variables: Ln (CFU) = 23.57 - 0.87 power - 1.87 NaCl dosage - 2.13 pH - 2.84 time - 0.09 power time - 0.07 NaCl dosage pH + 0.14 pH time + 0.03 $power^2$ + 0.47 NaCl $dosage^2$ + 0.20 $pH^2$+ 0.33 $time^2$. The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed result ($R^2$ = 0.9987). Graphical response surface and contour plots were used to locate the optimum point. The estimated ridge of maximum response and optimal conditions for the E. coli disinfection using canonical analysis was Ln 1.06 CFU (power, 15.40 W; NaCl dosage, 1.95 g/L, pH, 5.94 and time, 4.67 min). To confirm this optimum condition, the obtained number of the residual E. coli after three additional experiments were Ln 1.05, 1.10 and Ln 1.12. These values were within range of 0.62 (95% PI low)~1.50 (95% PI high), which indicated that conforming the reproducibility of the model.

Optimization of Electro-UV-Ultrasonic Complex Process for E. coli Disinfection using Box-Behnken Experiment (Box-Behnken법을 이용한 E. coli 소독에서 전기-UV-초음파 복합 공정의 최적화)

  • Kim, Dong-Seog;Park, Young-Seek
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2011
  • This experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the electro-UV-ultrasonic complex process for the disinfection of E. coli in the water. The disinfection reactions of electro-UV-ultrasonic process were mathematically described as a function of parameters power of electrolysis ($X_1$), UV ($X_2$), and ultrasonic process ($X_3$) being modeled by use of the Box-Behnken technique, which was used for fitting 2nd order response surface model. The application of RSM yielded the following regression equation, which is empirical relationship between the residual E. coli number (Ln CFU) in water and test variables in coded unit: residual E. coli number (Ln CFU) = 23.69 - 3.75 Electrolysis - 0.67 UV - 0.26 Ultrasonic - 0.16 Electrolysis UV + 0.05 Electrolysis Ultrasonic + 0.27 $Electrolysis^2$ + 0.14 $UV^2$ - 0.01 $Ultrasonic^2$). The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed result ($R^2$ = 0.983). Graphical 2D contour and 3D response surface plots were used to locate the optimum range. The estimated ridge of maximum response and optimal conditions for residual E. coli number (Ln CFU) using 'numerical optimization' of Design-Expert software were 1.47 Ln CFU/L and 6.94 W of electrolysis, 6.72 W of UV and 14.23 W of ultrasonic process. This study clearly showed that response surface methodology was one of the suitable methods to optimize the operating conditions and minimize the residual E. coli number of the complex disinfection.

Design of Continuous Sterilizer for Retort Pouch (레토르트용 연속 살균기의 개발)

  • Park, Cheol-Jae
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we developed a continuous sterilizer in order to improve the productivity of the retort product. To this end, we design the sterilizer with a product inlet, outlet, and chain for continuously conveying the retort. The temperature analysis is performed to optimize the design parameters of the internal sterilizer. The experimental apparatus is developed to verify the productivity of the sterilizer based on the temperature analysis. The test is performed to optimize the evaluation parameters using Box-Behnken design method of a response surface methodology. From the test, the productivity of the continuous sterilizer is improved over 1,000 kg/h.

Optimal Design of Ferromagnetic Pole Pieces for Transmission Torque Ripple Reduction in a Magnetic-Geared Machine

  • Kim, Sung-Jin;Park, Eui-Jong;Kim, Yong-Jae
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.1628-1633
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    • 2016
  • This paper derives an effective shape of the ferromagnetic pole pieces (low-speed rotor) for the reduction of transmission torque ripple in a magnetic-geared machine based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD). In particular, using a non-linear finite element method (FEM) based on 2-D numerical analysis, we conduct a numerical investigation and analysis between independent variables (selected by the BBD) and reaction variables. In addition, we derive a regression equation for reaction variables according to the independent variables by using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). We assess the validity of the optimized design by comparing characteristics of the optimized model derived from a response surface analysis and an initial model.

Optimization of Sonocatalytic Orange II Degradation on MoS2 Nanoparticles using Response Surface Methodology

  • Jiulong Li;Jeong Won Ko;Weon Bae Ko
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.191-200
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    • 2023
  • In this study, MoS2 nanoparticles were synthesized and analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction, Raman, ultraviolet-visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The surface morphologies of the as-synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles were investigated through scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The sonocatalytic activity of the MoS2 nanoparticles toward Orange II removal was evaluated by utilizing a Box-Behnken design for response surface methodology in the experimental design. The sonocatalyst dosage, Orange II dye concentration, and ultrasound treatment time were optimized to be 0.49 g/L, 5 mg/L, and 150 min, respectively. The maximum efficiency of Orange II degradation on MoS2 nanoparticles was achieved, with a final average value of 82.93%. Further, the results of a kinetics study on sonocatalytic Orange II degradation demonstrated that the process fits well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

Optimized Mixing Design of Lightweight Aerated Concrete by Response Surface Analysis (반응표면분석법에 따른 경량기포콘크리트 최적배합 도출에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-An;Jung, Chan-Woo;Kim, Wha-Jung;Ahn, Jung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.745-752
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    • 2009
  • This paper presents the optimized mixing design of lightweight aerated concrete using hydrogen peroxide. Design of experiments in order to the optimized mixing design was applied and commercial program (MINITAB) was used. Statistical analysis was used to Box-Behnken (B-B) method in response surface analysis. The influencing factors of experimental are unit cement content, water ratio and hydrogen peroxide ratio. According to the analysis of variance, at the hardened state, water ratio and hydrogen peroxide ratio affects on dried density, compressive strength and bending strength of lightweight aerated concrete, but unit cement content affects on only dried density. In the results of response surface analysis, to obtain goal performance, the optimized mixing design for lightweight aerated concrete using hydrogen peroxide were unit cement content of 800 kg/$m^3$, water ratio of 44.33% and hydrogen peroxide ratio of 10%.

Optimization of Process Variables for Insulation Coating of Conductive Particles by Response Surface Methodology (반응표면분석법을 이용한 전도성물질의 절연코팅 프로세스의 최적화)

  • Sim, Chol-Ho
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2016
  • The powder core, conventionally fabricated from iron particles coated with insulator, showed large eddy current loss under high frequency, because of small specific resistance. To overcome the eddy current loss, the increase in the specific resistance of powder cores was needed. In this study, copper oxide coating onto electrically conductive iron particles was performed using a planetary ball mill to increase the specific resistance. Coating factors were optimized by the Response surface methodology. The independent variables were the CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, coating time, ball size, ball mass and sample mass. The response variable was the specific resistance. The optimization of six factors by the fractional factorial design indicated that CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, and coating time were the key factors. The levels of these three factors were selected by the three-factors full factorial design and steepest ascent method. The steepest ascent method was used to approach the optimum range for maximum specific resistance. The Box-Behnken design was finally used to analyze the response surfaces of the screened factors for further optimization. The results of the Box-Behnken design showed that the CuO mass fraction and mill revolution number were the main factors affecting the efficiency of coating process. As the CuO mass fraction increased, the specific resistance increased. In contrast, the specific resistance increased with decreasing mill revolution number. The process optimization results revealed a high agreement between the experimental and the predicted data ($Adj-R^2=0.944$). The optimized CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, and coating time were 0.4, 200 rpm, and 15 min, respectively. The measured value of the specific resistance of the coated pellet under the optimized conditions of the maximum specific resistance was $530k{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$.

Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Keratinase Recovery from Fermented Feather under Solid State Fermentation by Streptomyces sp. NRC 13S

  • Shata, Hoda Mohamed Abdel Halim;Farid, Mohamed Abdel Fattah
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2012
  • The effects of solvent type and concentration, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time and repeated extraction on recovery of keratinase from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken feather by a local Streptomyces sp. NRC 13S were investigated in order to establish the experimental conditions for keratinase yield. Among solvents tested, 0.5% (v/v) glycerol was the best. Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effect of relevant variables on keratinase recovery. The factors investigated were solid/liquid ratio (1:1.66-1:6.66 g/mL), glycerol concentration (0.5-5% v/v) and repeated extraction (1-5 cycle). The results showed that the maximum recovery of keratinase (6933.3 U/gfs) was obtained using 0.5 (v/v) glycerol as extracting solvent, in a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 and three extraction cycles.

Enhanced Durability Performance of Polymer Modified Cement Composites for Concrete Repair Under Combined Aging Conditions (복합열화 환경을 받는 콘크리트 시설물을 위한 보수용 폴리머 시멘트 복합체의 내구성능 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Won, Jong-Pil;Park, Chan-Gi
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study is to improve the durability performance of polymer modified cement composites for repair of concrete under combined aging conditions. The experimental procedure was divided into three parts. First, the replacement level of mineral admixtures in polymer modified cement composites were determined in an experimental study based on a Box Behnken design. Second, the flow value, compressive strength and chloride permeability test of sixteen types of mixtures were conducted. Test results show that the polymer modified cement composites were effected on the improvement of the compressive strength and permeability performance. Third, the effects on the replacement level of silica fume mixture was evaluated by the compressive strength, chloride permeability, chemical resistance and repeated freezing and thawing cycles test. They demonstrated that the polymer modified cement composites using mixture of silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag improved the durability performance.

Simultaneous degradation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds by catalytic wet-peroxidation process using box-behnken design

  • Gosu, Vijayalakshmi;Arora, Shivali;Subbaramaiah, Verraboina
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.488-497
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    • 2020
  • The present study investigates the feasibility of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) (Pyridine-Quinoline) degradation by catalytic wet peroxidation (CWPO) in the presence of nanoscale zerovalent iron supported on granular activated carbon (nFe0/GAC) using statistical optimization technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the process parameters of CWPO process such as initial pH, catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide dose, initial concentration of pyridine (Py) and quinolone (Qn) were chosen as the main variables, and total organic carbon (TOC) removal and total Fe leaching were selected as the investigated response. The optimization of process parameters by desirability function showed the ~85% of TOC removal with process condition of initial solution pH 3.5, catalyst dose of 0.55 g/L, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.34 mmol, initial concentration of Py 200 mg/L and initial concentration of Qn 200 mg/L. Further, for TOC removal the analysis of variance results of the RSM revealed that all parameter i.e. initial pH, catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide dose, initial concentration of Py and initial concentration of Qn were highly significant according to the p values (p < 0.05). The quadratic model was found to be the best fit for experimental data. The present study revealed that BBD was reliable and effective for the determination of the optimum conditions for CWPO of NHCs (Py-Qn).