• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.669-684
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• 1997

Polypeptide growth factors belong to a class of potent biologic mediators which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. IGF-I is polypeptides secreted by skeletal cells and is considered as regulators of bone formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on bone nodule formation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded at $1{\times}10^4$ cells/well, $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in alpha-modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ and $5O{\mu}g/ml$ of ascorbic acid. Before 48 hours of indicated time, medium were changed with serum free medium. After 24 hours, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added to the cells and cultured for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. And histochemical analysis was done and ALP activity was measured and was expressed as nmol/min/mg of protein. The bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells of IGF-I was seen at 21, 28 days, but there were no difference between control group and experimental groups. The ALP activity decreased when it is compare to control 2 group except for 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml IGF-I of 21-day-groups and 1 ng/ml IGF-I of 28-day-groups. Dose response effects of IGF-I of ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells were seen the highest ALP activity at 1ng/ml until 21days and the highest ALP activity at 10 ng/ml of 28 daygroups. The peak times were seen at 7-day group, 14-day group on control group and experimental group respectively, and 1 ng/ml group was the highest ALP activity, From the above results, IGF-I was not seen notable effect on bone nodule formation and decreased ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells but the use of IGF-I to mediate biological stimulation of MC3T3-E1 cells shows promise for future therapeutic application.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.612-615
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• 2006

Purpose: An ideal bony construct can be divided into two broad categories: (1) the design and fabrication of biodegradable, biomimetic scaffolds that provide correct signals to induce osteogenesis: (2) the identification of an ideal source of osteoprogenitor cells to seed onto the scaffold. We selected poly-glycolic acid as a synthetic scaffold among various scaffolds because of these properties. Meanwhile, culture medium is supplemented with fetal bovine serum(FBS): such serum contains essential elements such as proteins, hormones, growth factors and trace minerals. The composition of FBS can be ideal for various cell growth in vitro. We supposed that we could enhance bone growth at a fractured site if FBS was mixed with synthetic scaffold-PGA. Methods: We cultured human osteoblasts in five different prepared culture dishes made with FBS and PGA mixture. The mixtures contained different ratio of FBS, that is, 0, 1.5, 3, 7, and 10%. We cultured human osteoblasts for seven days and examined the growth and attachment of the cells at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th days, respectively. Results: In the mixture of 0% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for one day. In 1.5 and 3% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells was examined at the 3rd day, then minimally declined at the 5th and 7th days. In 7% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for 5 days, then declined at the 7th day. In 10% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for 5 days, then declined at the 7th day. Staining status of the osteoblasts with alkaline phosphatase showed pale pink color in 0% FBS and PGA groups, but bright pink color in 1.5, 3, 7, 10% FBS and PGA groups, especially in 3%, 7%. Conclusion: In consequence, the growth of human osteoblast was higher in the mixture of FBS and PGA groups than in pure PGA ones. It is assumed that the mixture of FBS and PGA affects the proliferation of human osteoblasts.

• 대한구강악안면임플란트학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.242-254
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• 2018

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the results of horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) with xenograf t (deproteinized bovine bone mineral, DBBM), allograf t (irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow), titanium membrane, resorbable collagen membrane, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) in the anterior maxilla. The titanium membrane was used in this study has a three-dimensional (3D) shape that can cover ridge defects. Case 1. A 32-year-old female patient presented with discomfort due to mobility and pus discharge on tooth #11. Three months after extracting tooth #11, diagnostic software (R2 GATE diagnostic software, Megagen, Daegu, Korea) was used to establish the treatment plan for implant placement. At the first stage of implant surgery, GBR for horizontal augmentation was performed with DBBM ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland), irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow (ICB $cancellous^{(R)}$, Rocky Mountain Tissue Bank, Denver, USA), 3D-titanium membrane ($i-Gen^{(R)}$, Megagen, Daegu, Korea), resorbable collagen membrane (Collagen $membrane^{(R)}$, Genoss, Suwon, Korea), and A-PRF because there was approximately 4 mm labial dehiscence after implant placement. Five months after placing the implant, the second stage of implant surgery was performed, and healing abutment was connected after removal of the 3D-titanium membrane. Five months after the second stage of implant surgery was done, the final prosthesis was then delivered. Case 2. A 35-year-old female patient presented with discomfort due to pain and mobility of implant #21. Removal of implant #21 fixture was planned simultaneously with placement of the new implant fixture. At the first stage of implant surgery, GBR for horizontal augmentation was performed with DBBM ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$), irradiated allogenic cancellous bone and marrow (ICB $cancellous^{(R)}$), 3D-titanium membrane ($i-Gen^{(R)}$), resorbable collagen membrane (Ossix $plus^{(R)}$, Datum, Telrad, Israel), and A-PRF because there was approximately 7 mm labial dehiscence after implant placement. At the second stage of implant surgery six months after implant placement, healing abutment was connected after removing the 3D-titanium membrane. Nine months after the second stage of implant surgery was done, the final prosthesis was then delivered. In these two clinical cases, wound healing of the operation sites was uneventful. All implants were clinically stable without inflammation or additional bone loss, and there was no discomfort to the patient. With the non-resorbable titanium membrane, the ability of bone formation in the space was stably maintained in three dimensions, and A-PRF might influence soft tissue healing. This limited study suggests that aesthetic results can be achieved with GBR using 3D-titanium membrane and A-PRF in the anterior maxilla. However, long-term follow-up evaluation should be performed.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant noncollagenous protein of extracellular matrix in the bone. In an OC deficient mouse, bone formation rates are increased in cancellous and cortical bones. OC is known as a negative regulator of mineral apposition. OC is also expressed in the tooth of the rat, bovine, and human. However, little is known about OC during tooth development in Xenopus. The purpose of this study is to compare the expression of OC with mineralization in the developing tooth of Xenopus, by using von Kossa staining and in situ hybridization. At stage 56, the developmental stage of tooth germ corresponds to the cap stage, and an acellular zone was apparent between the dental papilla and the enamel organ. From stage 57, calcium deposition was revealed by von Kossa staining prior to OC expression, and the differentiated odontoblasts forming predentin were located at adjoining predentin. At stage 58, OC transcripts were detected in the differentiated odontoblasts. At stage 66, OC mRNA was expressed in the odontoblasts, which was aligned in a single layer at the periphery of the pulp. These findings suggest that OC may play a role in mineralization and odontogenesis of tooth development in Xenopus.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2022

Objective: The growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) gene plays a key role in bone formation, resorption, and skeletal muscle development in mammals. Here, we studied the genetic variants of GDF8 and their contribution to body conformation traits in Chinese Dabieshan cattle. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the bovine GDF8 gene by DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, motif analysis, and genetic diversity analysis were conducted using bioinformatics software. Association analysis between five SNPs, haplotype combinations, and body conformation traits was conducted in 380 individuals. Results: The GDF8 was highly conserved in seven species, and the GDF8 sequence of cattle was most similar to the sequences of sheep and goat based on the phylogenetic analysis. The motif analysis showed that there were 12 significant motifs in GDF8. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the polymorphism information content of the five studied SNPs was within 0.25 to 0.5. Haplotype analysis revealed a total of 12 different haplotypes and those with a frequency of <0.05 were excluded. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed a strong linkage (r²>0.330) between the following SNPs: g.5070C>A, g.5076T>C, and g.5148A>C. Association analysis indicated these five SNPs were associated with some of the body conformation traits (p<0.05), and the animals with haplotype combination H1H1 (-GGGG CCTTAA-) had greater wither height, hip height, heart girth, abdominal girth, and pin bone width than the other (p<0.05) Dabieshan cattle. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that the genetic variants of GDF8 affected the body conformation traits of Chinese Dabieshan cattle, and the GDF8 gene could make a strong candidate gene in Dabieshan cattle breeding programs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare changes in soft and hard tissue and the histologic composition following early implant placement in sites with alveolar ridge preservation or spontaneous healing (SH), as well as implant performance up to 1 year after crown insertion. Methods: Thirty-five patients with either intact buccal bone plates or dehiscence of up to 50% following single-tooth extraction of incisors, canines, or premolars were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to undergo one of three procedures: deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) covered by a collagen matrix (DBBM-C/CM), DBBM-C alone, or SH. At 8 weeks, implant placement was carried out, and cone-beam computed tomography scans and impressions were obtained for profilometric analysis. Patients were followed up after the final crown insertion and again at 1 year post-procedure. Results: Within the first 8 weeks following tooth extraction, the median height of the buccal soft tissue contour changed by -2.11 mm for the DBBM-C/CM group, -1.62 mm for the DBBM-C group, and -1.93 mm for the SH group. The corresponding height of the buccal mineralized tissue changed by -0.27 mm for the DBBM-C/CM group, -2.73 mm for the DBBM-C group, and -1.48 mm for the SH group. The median contour changes between crown insertion and 1 year were -0.19 mm in the DBBM-C/CM group, -0.09 mm in the DBBM-C group, and -0.29 mm in the SH group. Conclusions: Major vertical and horizontal ridge contour changes occurred, irrespective of the treatment modality, up to 8 weeks following tooth extraction. The DBBM-C/CM preserved more mineralized tissue throughout this period, despite a substantial reduction in the overall contour. All 3 protocols led to stable tissues for up to 1 year.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2001

Statement of Problem. Objective and quantitative measurement of implant stability is very important from implant installation to long-lasting maintenance period thereafter. Purpose of study. This study was to evaluate and compare two ISQ and PTVs on the implant stability measurements according to the increased effective implant length. Materials and methods. Twenty self-tapping fixtures were installed in the bovine scapula and in 10 of those for group I, ISQ and PTVs were obtained in the vertical/horizontal directions according to the increased effective implant length using $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Periotest^{(R)}$. After stability measurement, removal torques were measured between the after installation and after thread exposure group. Results. ISQ and PTVs showed decreased and increased values according to the increased abutment length. Apart from PTVs, ISQ values were shown higher in horizontal direction to the long axis of bone in both the after installation and the after thread exposure groups. Removal torque values were shown higher in after installation group. Conclusion. From the results of this study, implant stability measurement using resonance frequency analysis was more sensitive and discriminative than PTVs measurement.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

A fibrin adhesive have been widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for microvascular anastomosis, autogenous chip bone grafts, many kinds of soft tissue surgery (vestibuloplasty, bleeding control after extraction, primary healing by covering of suture of a gum after the extirpation of large cysts). There are two principal components in adhesive systems biologically: lyophilized human fibrinogen and bovine thrombin. The fibrinogen component contains coagulation factor XIII and enhance the initial wound healing, which polymerizes soluble fibrin monomers into an insoluble clot. The thrombin is dissolved in a solution of calcium chloride to provide the second component. We applied fibrin adhesive, Beriplast (Behring, Behringwerke AG, D-3350, Marburg, FRD), to 4 patients for fixation of free skin grafting donors who had facial scar around eye, nose, mouth corner which received from accidents, or burn. We have experienced initial accelerated graft fixation between donor and recipient sites with no additional fixation. And It's made easy bleeding control and easy manipulation during operation. But two cases showed partial hypertrophic scar engrowth in above 3 months follow up, but no significant. Histopathological reviews in general were showed similar scar findings such as abundant collagen bundles in H&E, M/T stain, but slight positive signs in elastic and collagen antibody immunopathologic findings in hypertrophic scar cases.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2000

The influence of moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medical treatment, on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined in DBA/1J mice in vivo. Mice were immunized intradermally twice at the 3-week interval with bovine type II collagen (C Il). The main incidence of arthritis started about on day 30 and lasted to day 60 after the first immunization. Moxibustion with three different regimens, was applied at the acupoint equivalent to GV 4 every other day. Moxibustion, from day 0 to day 30 after the first immunization, suppressed the onset and development of arthritis, as well as anti-collagen antibody level. Treatment with moxibustion, from the day 31 to day 60, also resulted in a significant inhibition of progression of arthritis and production of anti-C II antibody. Thirdly we examined the influence of moxibustion on the established arthritis. Moxibustion given from day 61 to day 120, significantly but mildly decreased the anti-C II antibody level in diseased mice, while the bone erosion and joint destruction were not affected. These results indicate that moxibustion could prevent the incidence and attenuates the development of murine CIA.