• Architectural research
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2016

This study examines modernist grid and boundary in the works of Toyo Ito - two of the most important notions characterizing the development of Toyo Ito as an iconoclast architect. Early in his career, Ito recognized modernist architecture's inherent tendencies to establish homogenous order and divide space by function was alienating people from their context. Ito identified the notions of modernist grid and boundary as the agents of Modernism which inadvertently served to impose this systematic order and severe separation. As a reaction against these tendencies, Ito sought to avoid the use of modernist grid and blur boundary in his architecture. In Ito's career spanning over four decades, he engages in an exhaustive inquiry seeking to modify these two core elements of architecture. This study investigates these two notions in Ito's works and examines the significance of the architect's exploration in the context of Japan's Modernism.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.150-180
• /
• 1997

This article introduces the five functions of the national innovation system(NIS). As one of social systems in the national level, the five generic functions of open system - production, boundary spanning, maintenance, adaptation, management functions - are applied to the NIS. The production function is the primary process, which produces innovative products and services of the NIS. The boundary spanning function is the function of procuring input and disposing the innovation output or aiding in these processes. Experienced R&D human resources, R&D funds, technology etc. are some of the components of the input of the NIS. The maintenance function is responsible for maintaining smooth operation and upkeeping the system in terms of various conditions. The adaptation function is to help the system change and adapt, and scan the environment for problems, opportunites, and technological developments. It has outward orientation, from the long-term view for the survival of the system. The management function carries out planning and control of the overall activities for the other four functions in order to effectiving run the system as a whole. Finally, this article discusses implications of the diagnosis of the national innovation system and the decision making process of S&T policy.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.290-295
• /
• 2001

해저파이프라인은 부식. 지반 불안정, 앵커 충돌 등으로 인해 파손될 가능성이 있다. 해저파이프라인의 안정성을 위협하는 주된 요소중의 하나는 자유경간이다. 본 논문에서는 자유경간을 형성하고 있는 해저파이프라 인에 대해 축방향 하중을 고려하고 경계조건을 일반화시킨 경우에 대해 동적 자유경간의 허용길이 변화를 해석하였다. 자유경간 양단의 해저지반은 탄성기초로 간주하였으며, 이를 선형 및 회전 스프링으로 치환하여 경계조건을 일반화시켰다. 동적 자유경간의 길이를 산정할 수 있는 무차원화 된 곡선을 얻었다. 이 곡선은 자유경간을 갖는 해저파이프라인의 설계에 유용하게 작용될 수 있음을 보여 주었으며 예제 연구를 통하여 그 적용방법을 소개하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제73권1호
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2020

This paper investigates the free and forced longitudinal vibration of a double nanorod system using doublet mechanics theory. The doublet mechanics theory is a multiscale theory spanning between lattice dynamics and continuum mechanics. Equations of motion and boundary conditions for the double nanorod system are obtained using Hamilton's principle. Clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions are considered. Frequencies and dynamic displacements are determined to demonstrate the effects of length scale parameter of considered material and geometry of the nanorods. It is shown that frequencies obtained by the doublet mechanics theory are bounded from above (van Hove singularity) and unlike classical elasticity theory doublet mechanics theory predicts finite number of modes depending on the length of the nanotube. The present doublet mechanics results have been compared to molecular dynamics, experimental and nonlocal theory results and good agreement is observed between the present and other mentioned results. The difference between wave frequencies of graphite is less than 10% between doublet mechanics and experimental results near to the end of the first Brillouin zone.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 2006

Hole 1124 of ODP Leg 181 was located in the Rekohu sediment drift off eastern New Zealand in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Mean gain sizes of sortable silt were measured in two drilled cores (1124A and l124B). Chronostratigraphy of core 1124 was correlated with the well-dated nearby core S931, resulting that the age of core 1124 covers the late Pleistocene spanning about MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 5. Mean grain size of sortable silt seemed to be relatively large during the glacial period, whereas that of the interglacial period was smaller, although several tephra layers contain some coarse-grained pyroclatic particles. The variation in mean grain size of sortable silt in Rekohu sediment drift during the late Pleistocene indicates that the intensity of Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) might have been enhanced during the glacial period as a result of increased production of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW).

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제37권1C호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2012

최근에 전술 무기의 첨단화, 무인화 및 네트워크화에 따라서 무선 전술 데이터 네트워크의 생존성은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 무선 전술 데이터 네트워크에서 저고도 소형 무인항공기를 이용한 네트워크의 연결성 약화지역을 탐색하는 기법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 간단한 polling 접속 기능을 갖는 소형 무인항공기를 사용하여 무선 전술 데이터 네트워크의 노드들과 접속을 통하여 네트워크의 형태를 파악하고, 파악된 네트워크 그래프를 라플라스 매트릭스로 변환한다. 변환된 라플라스 매트릭스의 eigenvalue를 찾아내는 방법에 기초하여 서브 네트워크를 정의하고 약화된 eigenvalue의 집합을 통하여 네트워크의 연결성 약화지역을 탐색하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 하나의 UAV를 사용한 경우 좁은 네트워크 및 광범위 네트워크의 연결성 약화지역을 제안 알고리즘을 사용하여 탐색 가능하였다. 제안된 알고리즘으로 탐색된 약화지역의 노드에 UAV 링크로 중계 기능을 한 경우, 성형 네트워크 및 MST(Minimum Spanning Tree) 알고리즘에 의한 네트워크와 비교하여 스루풋 성능이 우수함을 검증하였다. 본 기법은 무선 전술 네트워크의 연결성을 보장하는 기법에 적용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.25-47
• /
• 2014

The goal of the present study is to explore IM interruption by relating it to media choices and purposes of IM use in the workplace. Two major media choice concepts were: media richness and social influence; while four purposes of IM use were: organization work, knowledge work, socializing, and boundary spanning activities. Data (N = 283) were collected via a combination of convenience and snowball sampling of "computer-using workers" in Taiwan, based on the Standard Occupational Classification system published by the Taiwan government. Results indicated that media choice works better than purpose of IM use to explain IM interruption. Among them, social influence was the best predictor to IM interruption in the workplace. In addition, instant feedback and personalization provided by IM, and IM usage for the purposes of knowledge work and socializing, also relate to IM interruption in the workplace.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2005

This paper introduces a procedure for free span and fatigue analysis of offshore pipelines per DNV-RP-F105, 2002. The new method includes the axial force and deflection load in pipelines. The screening criteria were established to calculate the allowable span lengths in the new design codes. The screening criteria allows a certain amount of vortex-induced vibration due to wave and current loading. However, the induced pipe stresses are very small and usually below the limit stresess of typical S-N curves. In contrast, the conventional criteria did not allow any vortex-induced vibration in the free span of pipelines. Thus, the screening criteria yields reduced allowable span lengths. A simplified procedure was established to calculate the fatigue damage due to long-term current distribution. The long-term current statistics was assumed with a 3-parameter Weibull distribution. The fatigue damage was estimated for the span lengths obtained from the screening criteria for various conditions. Sample calculations show the effect of axial force for various boundary conditions. Comparisons with conventional criteria are included.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2000

Improvement was made on the free span analysis of the offshore pipelines. The effect of axial force (both tension and compressive force) can be explicitly applied to the current design code. The closed form solutions of beam-column equation were derived for the typical boundary conditions. The solutions can be used to find the natural frequencies of the span using the energy balance concept. The results can be applied to the current design code and will result more realistic calculation of free span lengths of offshore pipelines.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2002

A procedure of free span and fatigue analysis of offshore pipelines was made per DNV-RP-F105, 2002. The new method includes the axial force and deflection load in pipelines. The screening criteria were used to calculate the allowable span lengths. The screening criteria allow small amplitudes of vortex-induced vibration due to wave and current loading. However, the induced pipe stress is very small and usually below the limit stress of a typical S-N curve. A simplified method was established to calculate the fatigue damage due to long-term current distribution. The long-term current statistics was assumed with a 3-parameter Weibull distribution. The fatigue damage was estimated for the span lengths obtained from the screening criteria for various conditions. Sample calculations show the effect of axial force for various boundary conditions.