• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Cameroon, with her numerous resources, still depends on foreign aid while the rate of poverty remains high. Thus, even though historical evidence gives impetus to the impasse over role of developmental aid, from the top down approach through to development as a springboard raising states from the doldrums of poverty, it is still very difficult to draw a substantial relationship between developmental aid and poverty reduction. Against this backdrop of controversy, I find it apt to put Cameroon on a balance scale. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to critically assess the implications of developmental aid on poverty reduction and agro-rural development in Cameroon, using the RUMPI Area Development Project in the South West region of Cameroon as a case study. The study will situate and contextualize the top-down and bottom-up approaches to development within the basis of a Cameroonian perspective, using the Sachs-Easterly debate. The RUMPI Project was introduced with the objective of improving agriculture and empowering the rural woman; thereby fighting poverty within the South West region of Cameroon. Despite its criticism of the barriers to development created by corruption, political pressure and limited use of local and grass-root partnerships, the study, in assessing these failures also tries to outline vital ways in which the project can be improved upon.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

현재 농촌지역개발 민간컨설팅회사는 농촌개발과 관련된 거의 모든 영역에 걸쳐 참여하고 있다. 상향식 사업을 강조하는 정책 환경은 이들의 참여를 더욱 확대시키는 계기로 작용할 것이다. 초기 기대를 안고 시작된 민간컨설팅회사에 대한 평가는 부정적 입장으로 선회되고 있는데, 민간컨설팅회사에 대한 논란의 중심에는 전문성이 자리 잡고 있으며, 컨설팅회사 내부문제로 한정하는 경향이 강하다. 그러나 본 글은 이 같은 문제가 정책의 결과라는 시각에서 출발하고 있다. 정부는 정책을 개발뿐 아니라, 정책집행과정에서 관리 감독의 책임도 있기 때문이다. 정부가 갖는 문제는 정부정책기조에 편승하여 성급하게 민간컨설팅을 도입하고 상향식 농촌지역개발의 목적이 주민의 의식변화를 수반한 내생적 발전의 이념에 있음에도 불구하고, 단기간의 성과를 요구하는 정책 환경 등이 현재의 컨설팅회사의 문제를 출현시킨 출발점이다. 민간컨설팅회사의 문제점이 컨설팅시장에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 현황자료를 이용하여 업체의 경영성과를 토대로 유형을 분석한 결과 시장을 리딩하는 9개 업체를 포함하는 최우수유형(9개), 우수유형(36개), 보통유형(34개)로 구분되었고, 유형별 업체의 경영성과와 업체가 보유한 전문성 등의 경영자원과의 관련성을 분석한 결과 우수유형의 지역개발관련 인적보유 정도만이 관련이 있을 뿐, 다른 유형에서는 관련성이 전혀 없었다. 이와 같은 결과는 민간컨설팅회사 선정기준에 업체의 전문성과 같은 역량이 아닌, 다른 외적요인이 크게 작용하고 있는 결과로서, 민간컨설팅도입에 대한 충분한 정부당국의 대응방안 마련이 시급하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2020

Korea's general rural development projects, which has shifted its paradigm to a bottom-up approach, should be promoted in the direction of focusing on the subjective well-being of the residents in rural areas. This study analyzed the effect that a general rural development project impact on the subjective well-being of the residents and the village leader in the relationship the spirituality of leadership, the village's social capital to analyze the impact any general rural areas, attributed the success of development projects with diversified.. The results are as follows: First, the basic living-based projects among general agricultural fishing village development projects have positive effects on the subjective welfare of the residents. Second, it was found that the basic living-based projects and regional income raising projects in general agricultural fishing village development projects had a positive effect on the altruistic behaviors and beliefs of spiritual leadership. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of the level of general farming and fishing village development on social capital, regional income raising projects have a positive effect on the formation of social capital such as trust and network. Finally, as a result of analyzing the influence of social capital on subjective well-being, it was found that social capital such as trust and network has a positive effect on the subjective well-being of rural residents. In future research, it is required to select more extended research subjects not limited to residents of limited areas, and conduct repeated studies, with expanding the model to include the important variables that affect the subjective well-being of the residents.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1996

This study is about the problems found in the process of the current governments planning rural settlement area development. As a measure to solve them, It proposed the analysis method of village characteristic in terms of standard score and tried to use this method as a basic material in planning more effective rural settlement area development. On the basis of the above analysis, which is an objective basic material to solve the problems revealed in the process of the bottom-up development planning by the residents' demands, It shows the following conclusion about what method should be applied to each part according to a village's characteristics and its development level. 1. Accessibility can be a basic material for setting the local area, analyzing its settlement system, and them such development facilities as village-linking roads, rural road, or various kinds of bridges and determining the investment priority. 2. With the index of the industrial basis, we can see what village has plenty of social, economical resources including advanced industrial facilities and looking into the advance level of the industrial basis, we can get some information about determining the local area development direction such as estashing the plan to build a farm product gathering center, a collective work place, storage facilities, and special housing development. 3. Since the issue about living environment is raising it's head, compared to weakened agricultural competitive power, with the analysis of this living environment, we can get an objective basic material for solving problems caused by the local egoism and the effective investment strategy of the limited resources. Therefore, It is necessary that we should abstain from expert-centered planning and formal public opinion-collecting and on the basis of this analytic result, we should plan development. We need to continue our research about index selecting and differentiation, weight etc. and using these analysis methods, we should make up a systematic development plan by analyzing village characteristics and setting the development direction.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

This study aims to analyzes the Relationship Between Community Consciousness and Residents' Participation in Tourism Development. Starting in 2004, the Rural Tourism Development Project, which has been promoted in Korea, is taking a bottom-up approach that values the participation of residents. And Resident's Participation is also an important criterion for selecting business sites. As the farming community becomes more modern, the community consciousness is declining. But Community consciousness is an important factor for the sustainable maintenance of rural villages. And if community members share a sense of homogeneity, they can identify problems that communities have, and they can solve them with responsibility. Community consciousness can be called the basic infrastructure of residents' participation. Rural tourism feature different characteristics from other tourist areas in that the residential space of local residents is the destination of the tours. As a result, the influence on tourism development is directly affected, so the attitude of local residents is an important success factor unlike other tourism developments. The study analyzed the community consciousness and participation in Tourism Development, which is a significant success factor in rural areas. The survey which included 200 residents of the DMZ Peace Village Site, was concluded that the member's perception and ttachment among Community Consciousness affected the Residents' Participation, and that Economic Influence among tourist development attitudes affected the Residents' Participation. It based on the results in rural tourism development for the residents' participation should be considered with a plan to enhance the economic life satisfaction and promote the economic impact on the area.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

The study uses agricultural knowledge system theory to explore how traditional knowledge applies to the linkage system of agricultural research and extension in rural Korea. By agricultural knowledge system we emphasize the dynamic networks of actors, processes of negotiation, and the diverse ways in which knowledge is constructed and performed. The knowledge systems reflect the idea that the boundaries between knowledge groups are not closed and that there could be considerable overlap between knowledge system. The results of this study are the following : First, we should know that some extension agents clearly value farmer knowledge and try to facilitate farmer-to-farmer communication. Extension plays a significant role in the knowledge-creation process and shaping communities because knowledge processes are embedded in social processes that involve aspects of power, authority, and legitimization. Third, the constructions of agricultural knowledge systems thus include social interactions, communication, and the diverse processes individuals employ create, use, and evaluate multiple types and sources of information through the linkage between agricultural colleges and Rural Development Administration (RDA), establishing the research institution of research and extension linkage, exchange research agent with extension agent, and bottom-up approach. Second, we should know that the focus of traditional knowledge development is rural community development as a community process. Nowadays the sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) cover two lines of inquiry, which are the use of existing standards of intellectual property for the protection of traditional knowledge and that of new legal standards, eventually in the from of sui generis mechanisms of protection.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2013

As policy for regional development in bottom-up style is introduced, each local government reflects opinion of regional residents and experts, and continues to strive for active use of regional capability and natural resources. As a result, there are active movements for regional development in Eup and Myeon unit or village unit inside local government. Comprehensive arrangement project in areas of Eup and Myeon is proceeded with a goal of improvement of life quality for regional residents through strengthening base function of Eup and Myeon areas and improving function of basic service by expanding facility of optimal level available to an unspecified number of the general public such as educational, cultural, welfare facility etc. in Eup and Myeon areas which are base space of rural communities. For analysis method of region for selecting areas where comprehensive arrangement project is done, this study suggested analysis of connection structure based on interaction and analysis of centrality. And empirical analysis was carried out with Buyeo province in Chungcheongnamdo.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1993

BIDANI는 활동-연구계획으로서 지역주민이 상부기관의 계획 입안자와 밀접한 관계를 유지하면서 자신의 활동과 포부를 프로그램에 반영토록 하는데 그 목표를 두고 있다. BIDANI는 지역차원의 종합개발 접근이며, 주민의 참여서비스로 지역종합개발계획(BIDP)을 수립한다. 지역의 상황분석, 문제점 우선순위 및 잠재자원의 확인은 주민에 의해 수행된다. 상향식 접근으로 참여 계획을 수립하고 BIDP를 공식화한다. 적절한 유인과 지원으로 지역주민의 참여를 촉진한다. 정부와 사립기관의 사업과 자원활용의 접근성과 효율성을 높힌다. 고위험영양불량 가족집단을 개발프로그램 활동에 참여케 하여 영양의 중요성을 인식케 한다. 정치 및 사회경제적 배려를 최하위 수준에 통합 시키토록 운영한다. 군/시장을 사업소장으로 임명하는 제도화를 통해 프로그램 수행과 지속성을 촉진한다. 따라서 시/군 종합개발프로그램 (C/MIDP)의 “하향식” 계획은 지역의 “상향식” 계획과 연계된다. 시/군지역개발훈련원을 설립하여 지역주재 요원과 주민의 계속 교육을 도모하는 것이 성공과 활력으로 유인하는 개발촉진 요소이다. 비정치적 부문, 즉 학술기관과 사립기관과의 기능적 연계를 강화한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

Due to its high salt content and poor physical properties in reclaimed tidal lands, it is important to ameliorate soil physical properties to improve the efficiency of desalination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of soil properties at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil with various soil amendments. Field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land in Korea and the dominant soil series was Munpo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, Mesic, Typic, Fluvaquents). Woodchips, crushed-stone, oyster shell, coal bottom ash, and rice hull were added as soil amendments and mixed into surface soil to improve soil physical properties. There was large variability in soil hardness, but oyster shell treatment was significantly lower soil hardness at surface layer. Soil hardness was not significantly different below 15 cm depth. Infiltration rate was also significantly greater at oyster shell treatment. This may be due to the leaching of Ca ions from oyster shell and improved soil properties. However, there was no statistical significant difference of the soil bulk density, moisture content, and porosity. Improved physical properties increased desalinization rate in soil and retarded the resalinization rate when evapotranspiration rate was high. Although soil salinity was significantly decreased with oyster shell amendment, soil pH was increased that should be made up as a soil amendment. Our results indicated that oyster shell application increased infiltration rate and improved soil hardness, and thus oyster shell could be used to improve soil salinity level at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.245-272
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• 2014

이 연구는 우간다 농촌지도사업의 발전과정을 조망하고 발전방안을 제시하는 것이다. 우간다에서 농촌지도사업에 대한 많은 접근방법이 사용되었지만, 농업생산성이나 수익성 향상에 도움이 되었다는 선행연구 결과는 없는 실정이다. 그 동안 너무 많은 농촌지도사업에 대한 개혁사업이 이루어졌지만, 부분적으로 상향식 접근방법도 있었지만, 대부분의 접근방법은 하향식 접근방법이었다. 많은 사례에서 농촌지도사업에 대한 이러한 개혁은 농업생산이나 수익성에 영향을 줄 정도로 발전될 수 있는 기회가 주어지지 않았다. 향후 성공적인 농촌지도사업과 농촌개발이 이루어지기 위해서는 기술적인 전문가와 자원의 유용성 증가 뿐만 아니라, 농촌지도사업과 농촌개발 프로그램을 기획하고 수행할 때의 농촌지도사업의 제도적인 역할정립에 대한 정부의 의지와 지역주민의 적극적인 참여가 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 우간다에서 공공 농촌지도사업은 수요자에 필요한 적절한 지도사업이 이루어지도록 수요자중심의 농촌지도사업이 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다.