• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1360-1367
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• 2016

This paper introduces a boron meter with improved accuracy compared with other commercially available boron meters. Its design includes a new fitting function and a multi-detector. In pressurized water reactors (PWRs) in Korea, many boron meters have been used to continuously monitor boron concentration in reactor coolant. However, it is difficult to use the boron meters in practice because the measurement uncertainty is high. For this reason, there has been a strong demand for improvement in their accuracy. In this work, a boron meter evaluation model was developed, and two approaches were considered to improve the boron meter accuracy: the first approach uses a new fitting function and the second approach uses a multi-detector. With the new fitting function, the boron concentration error was decreased from 3.30 ppm to 0.73 ppm. With the multi-detector, the count signals were contaminated with noise such as field measurement data, and analyses were repeated 1,000 times to obtain average and standard deviations of the boron concentration errors. Finally, using the new fitting formulation and multi-detector together, the average error was decreased from 5.95 ppm to 1.83 ppm and its standard deviation was decreased from 0.64 ppm to 0.26 ppm. This result represents a great improvement of the boron meter accuracy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2020

Boric acid is used as a coolant for pressurized-water reactors, and the degree of burnup is controlled by the concentration of boric acid. Therefore, accurate measurement of the concentration of boric acid is an important factor in reactor safety. An improved system was proposed for the accurate determination of boron concentration. A new boron-concentration measurement technique, called multisensitive detection, was developed to improve the measurement accuracy of boron meters. In previous studies, laboratory-scale experiments were performed based on different sensitivity detectors, confirming a 65% better accuracy than conventional single-detector boron meters. Based on these experimental results, an experimental system simulating the coolant-circulation environment in the reactor was constructed; accuracy analysis of the boron meter with a multisensitivity detector was performed at the actual coolant pressure and temperature. In this study, the boron concentration conversion equation was derived from the calibration test, and the accuracy of the boron concentration conversion equation was examined through a repeatability test. Through the experiment, it was confirmed that the accuracy was up to 87.5% higher than the conventional single-detector boron meter.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018년도 추계학술논문요약집
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• pp.517-518
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• 2018

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.361-362
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• 2018

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2014

터키의 붕산염($B_2O_3$)의 연간 생산량은 3백만 톤으로 전 세계 생산량의 약 61%를차지하며, 미국과 함께 전 세계 붕소 자원의 주 공급처이다. 터키에는 비가디치(Bigadic), 에멧(Emet), 케스텔렉(Kestelek), 크르카(Kirka), 술탄챠이르(Sultancayiri) 다섯 개의 대표적인 붕소 광상이 있으나, 2014년 현재 비가디치, 에멧, 크르카 3개 광상에서 붕소를 생산하고 있다. 이들 광상들은 세계적인 규모의 광상이다. 크르카 붕소 광상은 신제3기 화산성-퇴적암 층군의 이회암 내에서 층상형, 각력형, 괴상형으로 산출되나 층상형이 매우 넓고 우세하게 발달한다. 이 광상에서는 붕사, 울렉사이트, 콜레마나이트 등 다양한 붕소광물이 산출하지만 붕사가 가장 풍부하게 산출된다. 광상의 중앙부는 Na-붕소광물(붕사), 중간대에서는 Na-Ca 붕소광물(울렉사이트), 바깥지역은 Ca-붕소광물(콜레마나이트)로 수평적인 대칭 광물분대를 나타내는데, 이러한 광물분대는 수직적으로도 발달하기도 한다. 비가디치 붕소 광상은 세계에서 가장 큰 콜레마나이트 광상으로 알려져 있다. 신 제3기 마이오세 층군 내 2개 붕소 층에서 산출된다. 붕소 함유층은 수 m에서부터 100 m 이상까지의 두께와 수백 m의 연장성을 보인다. 붕소 광체는 점토암, 이암, 응회암, 층상 석회암과 교호되어 발달하며, 렌즈상 광체형을 나타내고. 콜레마나이트와 울렉사이트가 가장 풍부하게 산출한다. 술탄챠이르 붕소 광상은 석회암 내에 붕소 광체가 배태된다. 주요 산출 광물은 팬더마이트와 울렉사이트이다. 팬더마이트는 교질상 구형 집합체로 산출되며, 울렉사이트는 세맥상으로 산출한다. 터키의 붕소 광상은 신제3기 마이오세의 플라야호 환경에서 형성된 증발형광상으로 알려져 있다. 붕소는 제3기 마이오세 화산활동과 관련된 화산재 또는 단층대를 따라 이동한 열수로 공급되어 플라야호에 농집되어 장기간 증발에 의해 형성된 것으로 해석되고 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.1007-1009
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• 1998

In this paper, the effects of the drive-in process parameters on the residual stress profile of the p+ silicon film has been investigated. All the residual stress profile has been estimated by the second-order polynomial. All the coefficients of the polynomial have been determined from the measurement of the deflections of cantilevers and a rotating beam by using a surface profiler meter and by means of focusing a calibrated microscope. As the drive-in temperature or the drive-in time increases, the boron concentration decreases and the magnitude of the average residual stress decreases. If the boron concentration decreases the tensile residual stress decreases except near the surface where the magnitude of compressive residual stress increases.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.622-627
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• 2002

Multi-layer composites consisting of silicon nitride, silicon nitride-silicon carbide and boron nitride-alumina layers were prepared fly stacking the corresponding ceramic tapes. The composites demonstrated self-diagnostic capability and non-catastrophic failure behavior. The composites consisting of many thin layers exhibited high strength and stepwise increase of the electrical resistance during the flexure test. The strength of the composite with too thick silicon nitride layers was low and the electrical resistance was abruptly increased to the detection limit of the digital multi-meter during the test. An extensive crack branching was observed in the weak (BN + Al$_2$O$_3$)layer.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2001

The paper represents the design and fabrication of an electrostatic micro actuator with $p^+$,/TEX> Si cantilevers. The micro actuator consists of a plate suspended by four $p^+$,/TEX> silicon cantilevers and an electrode on a glass substrate. The $p^+$,/TEX> Si structure is fabricated by the boron diffusion process and the anisotropic wet etch process. The cantilevers of the micro actuator curl down because of the residual stress gradient in $p^+$,/TEX> silicon. When the electrostatic forec is applied to the $p^+$,/TEX> cantilevers, the vertical displacement of the plate can be achieved. The deflection of the cantilever due to the residual stress gradient and the vertical displacement by electrostatic force were calculated. The displacement of the plate was measured with a laser displacement meter for various input voltages and frequencies. The feasibility of the proposed micro actuator for the applications to optical pickup devices or optical communication devices was confirmed by the experiments.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 1998

본 연구는 붕소이온 분리를 위하여 4-Vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene(이하 4-VP-DVB라 칭함) 음이온 교환수지를 합성하고, polyethylene(이하 PE라 칭함)을 지지체로 사용하여 불균질계 음이온교환막을 제조하였다. 또한 그들의 구조와 기계적 성질 및 전기화학적 특성ㅇ르 FT-IR, conductometer와 pH meter 등의 기기로 측정하였으며, 유속과 전압의 변화에 따른 막의 성능을 평가하였다. 막의 분리성능은 PE 지지체 내에 4VP-DVB 이온교환 수지의 함량이 50wt%인 불균질막이 가장 우수하였으며, 산처리한 막이 수처리한 막의 그것보다 우수하였다. 막을 이용한 전기투석 실험에서 붕소이온 분리시 최적유속, 전압 및 시간은 각각 10mol/min, 18volt, 4시간이었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2019

A process of fabricating the foamed glass that has closed pores with 8 ~ 580 ㎛ sizes without a blowing agent by sintering 10 ㎛ boron-free glass powder composed of CaO, MgO, SO₃, Al₂O₃-83 wt% SiO₂ at a molding pressure of 0 ~ 120 MPa and a sintering temperature of 750 ~ 1000℃ was investigated. To analyze the glass transition temperature of glass powder, thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) method were used. The microstructure and pore size of foamed glass were examined using the optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). For the thermal diffusivity and color of the fabricated samples, a heat flow meter and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR)-colormetry were used, respectively. In the TGA-DTA result, the glass transition temperature of glass powder was confirmed to be 626℃. In the microstructure result, closed pores of 7 ~ 20 ㎛ were formed at 750 ~ 900℃, and they were not affected by the molding pressure and sintering temperature. However, at 1,000℃, when there was 0 MPa molding pressure, closed pores of 580 ㎛ were confirmed, and the pore size decreased as the molding pressure increased. Moreover, at a molding pressure of 30 MPa or higher, closed pores of approximately 400 ㎛ were formed. The porosity showed an increasing trend of smaller molding pressure and larger sintering temperature, and it was controllable in the range of 5.69 ~ 68.45%. In the thermal diffusivity result, there was no change according to the molding pressure, and, by increasing the sintering temperature, up to 0.115 W/m·K could be obtained. The Lab color index (CIE-Lab) results all showed a similar translucent white color regardless of molding pressure and sintering temperature. Therefore, based on the foamed glass without boron and blowing agent, it was confirmed that white foamed glass, which has closed pores of 8 ~ 580 ㎛ and a thermal diffusivity characteristic of 0.115 W/m·K, can be fabricated by changing the molding pressure and sintering temperature.