• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.491-494
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• 2006

The west coast of Northern Borneo is strongly influenced by Asian monsoon. Present research using the satellite ocean color (OC) remote sensing has identified some interesting oceanographic phenomena in this area that could be related to the harmful algal blooms (HAB). Occurrence of seasonal upwelling event was noticed off the northern tip of Borneo Island that could be related to the northeast monsoon wind. Harmful algal blooms by Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum occurred since 1976. Subsequently, during December 2003, there was a report of new HAB by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Northern Borneo. Analysis of OC images revealed that the Cochlodinium bloom had very high chlorophyll a signal and strong absorption characteristics. Results showed that the Baram River plume and upwelling at Northern Borneo were the source of nutrient for the Cochlodinium bloom in the offshore region. Ocean color images of 2004 showed that the bloom from Northern Borneo had crossed the Balabac Straits, reaching Palawan Island in Philippine. Due to the possibility of transboundary HAB problem, we propose a regional HAB monitoring network for an effective HAB management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2012

Dipterocarps or Dipterocarpaceae is a commercially important timber producing and dominant keystone tree family in the rain forests of Borneo. Borneo's landscape is changing at an unprecedented rate in recent years which affects this important biodiversity. This paper attempts to model the natural occurrence (distribution including those areas with natural forests before being converted to other land uses as opposed to current distribution) of dipterocarp species in Sarawak which is important for forest biodiversity conservation and management. Local modeling method of Inverse Distance Weighting was compared with commonly used statistical method (Binary Logistic Regression) to build the best natural distribution models for three genera (12 species) of dipterocarps. Database of species occurrence data and pseudoabsence data were constructed and divided into two halves for model building and validation. For logistic regression modeling, climatic, topographical and edaphic parameters were used. Proxy variables were used to represent the parameters which were highly (p>0.75) correlated to avoid over-fitting. The results show that Inverse Distance Weighting produced the best and consistent prediction with an average accuracy of over 80%. This study demonstrates that local interpolation method can be used for the modeling of natural distribution of dipterocarp species. The Inverse Distance Weighted was proven a better method and the possible reasons are discussed.

• 수완나부미
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.91-122
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• 2017

Before the start of the North Borneo Company administration in North Borneo (now Sabah, Malaysia) in 1882, the Timugon Murut of today's interior Tenom District lived in longhouses, and practiced head-hunting during wars with other Murutic ethnic groups. Their economy revolved around swidden agriculture of hill rice, sago, and cassava. Wet rice cultivation and water buffaloes were introduced just before 1885. Wet rice was planted on the alluvial plains around the Pegalan and Padas Rivers, while dry rice was planted on hillside swiddens that had been cleared by slash-and-burn methods. Today, wet rice cultivation and cash-cropping on the plains are the main Timugon socioeconomic activities, while some families also plant dry rice on the hills as a back-up. The Timugon believe that the physical world is surrounded by the spiritual world, and everything was made by the creator Aki Kapuuno'. The focus of this field research paper is on the beliefs and ritual practices of the Timugon connected to their traditional rice agriculture. This study found that for generations, the Timugon believed that since animals were created by Aki Kapuuno' for the wellbeing of humans, various types of animals and birds convey omens to guide people. Thus, the older Timugon rice cultivation is strongly influenced by good and bad omens and taboos, and also involves symbolic practices and ritual offerings to guardian spirits of the rice. After the 1930s and especially since the 1960s, most Timugon became Roman Catholic Christians. Hence, this paper also examines changes in the traditional Timugon rice cultivation related beliefs and practices due to religious conversion and other factors.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2013

In the recent society of knowledge industry, a changed phenomenon of domestic corporate culture, Work Smart working in creative and various ways beyond time and space is emerged from Work Hard working just hard. Thus, many corporations are trying to configure the emotional space beside the work space to make effective and creative achievements in free work environment out of rigid organizational culture in the past. This space is called Amenity space which enables to implement physical and psychological healings simultaneously and this is not a place for rest like in the past industry society. This research suggests distinctive characteristics of other amenity furniture unlike general furniture by analyzing the variously suggested change of forms of amenity furniture for Work Smart and the changes of configuring key factors such as forms, structures and functions of amenity furniture.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2005

Ethyl acetate extracts of traditional medicinal herbs were screened for their antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur through the liquid growth inhibition method with 96 well plate and the paper disk agar diffusion assay. Among the 91 kinds of herbal solvent extracts, borneolum (borneo-camphor, No. 56) was finally selected as the best antifungal effective medicinal herb. The MIC value of No. 56 against M. furfur was 0.3 mg/ml ($8.2{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml) and it was three times more efficient than midazole which is the known antifungal agent in clinical medicines.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.42-45
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• 2008

Derivation of modern products from the by gone age has contributed much for the new modern living. It has been generally recognized that the various ethnicities in Borneo with different backgrounds had made Borneo a place of cultural diversity. However as time passed, most indigenous products are no longer in used or are stored in poor condition. Most products nearly aged over a century are still in a good condition with invaluable sentiments. Indigenous product is an artifact that had been designed and used by certain community of people such as tools, clothing, crafts and goods. Each design may have its own identity to the community. Some of the indigenous products which are no longer in use at present are kept by the community as their collections. The research reveals similarities in the interests of indigenous products, concerns and realities of indigenous communities from the different regions. The study suggests that learning about indigenous materials, such as hand-made products and machine-made products is necessary for the local industry to develop a product identity that is distinctly local. Most indigenous products show evidence of connections to old traditions, yet are new to the design market.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

This study attempts to suggest new directions of urban multi-family housing design in the recent era of information, in which the representation of publicity and privacy of the housing reflects new meanings and relationships of the current digital society. The study examines cases of Dutch multi-family housing and investigates the meanings and relationships of publicity and privacy in the building as well as unit design of the housings. Borneo-Sporenburg housing development is a good example that suggests new interpretation and design solution for low-rise, high-density multi-family housing. Thus, this study analyzes street patterns, facade design, and ways of housing unit combination in Borneo-Sporenburg housing and concludes as follows. First, public space in Borneo-Sporenburg housing, which was designed differently from hierarchical and centripetal organization of modern architecture, is divided into small units and spread into the inside, which provides high potential for personal control of space and personal programming of space by space choices. Second, street pattern and facade design of Borneo-Sporenburg housing provide visual publicity and privacy simultaneously as they maintain unity as a whole as well as articulate individual unit in many different ways and provide clues to neighboring. Streets as a public domain have self-controlled boundaries for residents and introduce voluntary use-programs for residents. Third, facades of the housing have no inter-mediate space or common space, and confront streets directly. Space in-between is composed inside the facade and extends into the streets by residents' own choices. Fourth, privacy and individuality of the housing is strengthened. Units of the housing have individual entrances, unique plan type and complicated combination of space that all together emphasize individuality of units, however they are not often notified from the outside.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2022

Human infection with simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi is a cause for concern in Southeast Asian countries, especially in Malaysia. A previous study on Peninsular Malaysia P. knowlesi rhoptry associated protein-1 (PkRAP1) gene has discovered the existence of dimorphism. In this study, genetic analysis of PkRAP1 in a larger number of P. knowlesi samples from Malaysian Borneo was conducted. The PkRAP1 of these P. knowlesi isolates was PCR-amplified and sequenced. The newly obtained PkRAP1 gene sequences (n=34) were combined with those from the previous study (n=26) and analysed for polymorphism and natural selection. Sequence analysis revealed a higher genetic diversity of PkRAP1 compared to the previous study. Exon II of the gene had higher diversity (π=0.0172) than exon I (π=0.0128). The diversity of the total coding region (π=0.0167) was much higher than those of RAP1 orthologues such as PfRAP-1 (π=0.0041) and PvRAP1 (π=0.00088). Z-test results indicated that the gene was under purifying selection. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network showed distinct clustering of Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo PkRAP1 haplotypes. This geographical-based clustering of PkRAP1 haplotypes provides further evidence of the dimorphism of the gene and possible existence of 2 distinct P. knowlesi lineages in Malaysia.

• 수완나부미
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2018

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-111
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• 2016

Malaya attained independence on August 31, 1957 from Britain. However this new nation faced a communist insurgency known today as the "Malayan Emergency" (1948-1960). Then in 1961, Tunku announced a wider federation of "Malaysia", viz. Malaya, British Crown Colonies of Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo, and the protectorate of Brunei. Countering communism was a principal motive for "Malaysia". Sarawak's leftist elements were rejected with an armed opposition. Malaysia was formed excluding Brunei. Amidst its birth pangs, Malaysia faced hostile neighbors Indonesia and the Philippines; the former objected by way of Konfrontasi (1963-1967) while the latter laid claim to Sabah (formerly North Borneo). Malaya/ Malaysia was borne in the midst of the Cold War (1947-1991), a bipolar world between the US and the USSR. Malaya/Malaysia is utilized as a case of analysis and evaluation in the context of the twin trends of continuities and transformations in tracing the historical developments from the 1950's to the 1990's. The risks, motives, and challenges that prompted the shift in foreign relations reveal as much of the personality of the political leadership, the prevailing situations, and conditions from within and circumstances from without.