• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 1995

The Purpose of this article is to identify the specific characteristics of borderline disorder in adolescence to conceptualize the borderline state as an adolescent process different from borderline personality disorder in adult, and to classify them according to it's unique clinical feature, porcess and outcome. The development of borderline disorder in adolescent, epidemiology, comorbid disorders and differential diagnosis, pre-existing sub-classification systems, and etiology in theories of psychodynamics, biological theories, experimental studies, and follow-up studies are reviewed. The authors conceptualize the adolescent borderline state include all clinical states generated by re-emergence of unresolved rapproachement conflicts in adolescent, and propose that there are four subgroups in adolescent borderline state. (1) Borderline state as an adolescent process. (2) Borderline state associated with psychotic disorders (3) Borderline state as an initial stnge of typical borderline personality disorder (4) Borderline state associated with organic problems. Conceptually, borderline state in adolescence is not a simple continuation of primary failure of separation-individuation but a struggle for mastering unresolved separation-individuation conflicts in adolesance i.e., the second separation-individuation state, and if it fails this time, the struggle might continue into adult life as borderline personality disorder.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2024

Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, an intermediate stage between a completely resectable state and an unresectable state, requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach. This study aimed to elucidate the main characteristics and recent research trends regarding borderline resectable pancreatic cancer to gain further insights into them. Data from published papers about borderline resectable pancreatic cancer were collected from Web of Science (2014-2023) for the analysis. This study included 355 papers; data on major countries, publishing organizations, and keywords were collected and analyzed. Furthermore, R studio and VOSviewer were used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of keywords. Publication of papers on borderline resectable pancreatic cancer was observed to be increasing annually by 12.8%, with the United States and Japan being the main publishing countries. In 2014, keywords related to surgery and chemotherapy were dominant; however, a shift toward more integrative approaches, such as neoadjuvant therapy, was observed over time. This study demonstrates rapidly evolving trends and paradigm changes in the research and management of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Thus, the results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing future research strategies and improving patient treatment outcomes.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.25
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• pp.57-89
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• 2012

The performers preparing for a performance usually experience the process of mental transference, contacting with text (drama) for the first time. It is movement from their everyday life to space in the play, when they try to break the wall between cast and themselves. The transference happens actually at the physical space, such as a dressing room, wing, (place just before appearing at a stage), and a stage (place to contact with audience). Performers keep moving among each psychological and physical space repeatedly, until the performance finishes totally. The transference means moving to each space to another, and the mental borderline means the point of mental change the performers experience during the process of transference. The mental borderline can be guessed to exist through mental aspects the performers feel when they move from each space to another. The most typical example, that shows performer's mental borderline well, is stage fright shown as tension, or anxiety among the variety of aspects. According to a research, the most performers experience that kind of mental aspect just before appearing at a stage. The study on it is already referred by my article.' A Study on Korean Performer's Stage Fright. This study aims at examining the relationship among psychological and physical space the performers experience, mental borderline when transferring and penetrating those spaces, and performer's mental change First, the concept of mental borderline is to be understood totally with preceded research. And the space the performers experience and mental borderline at transference are to be reorganized. Secondly, the area of transference in the process of performance is to be reclassified into physical and mental space. Third, analyzing the actual case of performers experiencing the mental borderline, the diversified use should be searched to make use of mental borderline as a positive element. The psychological symptoms, performers experience in the performance, can have positive consequence beside negative one. The tension occurring at the area of borderline is positive, and it can be the actual borderline for the performers. It will be researched how the performers change at the mental borderline, the state of mind is maintained, and they perform in an overall performance, through the study on the relationship between the transference and the mental borderline. And the stress and concentration caused by stage fright, and shyness will be confirmed, and the positive element of a stage, which is used as various defense mechanism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2005

Elimination reactions of $XC_6H_4CH_2CO_2C_6H_3-2-Y-4-NO_2$ have been studied under various conditions. When X was moderately electron-withdrawing, Y = H, and base-solvent was $R_2$NH-MeCN, the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism via an E1cb-like transition state. Concave downward curve was noted in the Hammett plots. When X = 4-$NO_2$, Y = Cl, $CF_3,\;NO_2$, and the base-solvent was ${R_2NH/R_2NH_2}^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq), the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism. The mechanism changed to a competing E2 and E1cb when X = 4-$NO_2$ and Y = H, MeO, and to the E1cb when X = 2,4-($NO_2)_2$, and Y = $NO_2$. From these results, a plausible pathway of the change of the mechanism from E2 to the E1cb extreme is proposed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5183-5188
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• 2012

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most widespread malignancies in the world. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies considering colorectal cancer risk factors among Russian populations, particularly in Siberia. The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of various lifestyle, dietary, family, and socioeconomical factors on colorectal cancer risk in South-East Siberia. We recruited 185 Russian colorectal cancer cases and 210 gender-, age-, and ethnicity-matched asymptomatic controls with no history of any malignant tumor, using a specially designed questionnaire to obtain relevant information. After the statistical analysis, we defined several significant factors affecting colorectal cancer risk. Among these were smoking (OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.4-3.24, P=0.0004), being overweight (BMI between 25-30, OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.49-4.03, P=0.0004), alcohol drinking (OR=8.73, 95%CI=5.49-13.87, P<0.0001), beer drinking (OR=9.24, 95%CI=5.14-16.61, P<0.0001), consumption of hard liquor (OR=9.37, 95%CI=5.92-14.82, P<0.0001), excessive red meat consumption (P<0.0001), excessive intake of red meat products (P<0.0001), excessive intake of dairy products (P<0.0001), excessive sour cream and cheese consumption (P<0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively), spicy food consumption (OR=2.87, 95%CI=1.9-4.33, P<0.0001), family history of gastrointestinal malignant tumors (OR=3.99, 95%CI=2.09-7.59, P<0.0001), and income exceeding twice the subsistence minimum (OR=5.34, 95%CI=3.35-8.53, P<0.0001). Certain factors, such as high concentration of salt in the food and precancerous colonic lesions, demonstrated borderline significance (OR=3.45, 95%CI=1.68-7.1, P=0.0008, and OR=5.25, 95%CI=1.94-14.22, P=0.001, respectively). Some factors were established as protective, like consumption of rye bread and both rye and wheat bread (OR=0.32, 95%CI=0.21-0.5, P<0,0001, and OR=0.07, 95%CI=0.02-0.21, P<0.0001, respectively), and also low concentration of salt in the food, although this was of borderline significance (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.26-0.69, P=0.0006). ABO and Rhesus blood antigens were not associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. These results should be definitely applied for elaboration of programs of colorectal cancer prevention in Russia, particularly in Siberia.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2007

Objectives: This study aims to examined whether physical activity prevent the negative effect of psychological stress on cardiovascular reactivity by reducing stress induced sympathetic output and preventing norepinephrine depletion negative psych-affective responses. It is assumed that physical activity reduces the magnitude of cardiovascular responses and psychological responses to stress which threaten individuals' physical and mental health. The result of investigating the effect of physical activity on reducing negative physiological and psychological responses would suggest useful information health for practitioners who want to prevent stress-induced diseases, especially coronary heart disease. Methods: participants of this study were 30 students (10 males & 20 females), whose mean age was 21.30 (SD=2.29). Fifteen students (5 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, treatment and control groups. They were interviewed and given a survey that included a consent form, demographics sheet and psychological tests, such as State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Before the application of psychological stress, participants in treatment group were going through with a course of physical exercise, running on treadmill 15minutes, while participants in control group were not physically active. After exercise, there was 15 minutes resting period before applying cognitive stress. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure and heart rate every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress(recovering state). In the end of experiment, they were given some psychological test again. Results: Heart rates of exercise group were significantly higher than non-exercise group, especially, five minute after applying cognitive stress and at the end of recovery, in other word 10 minutes after stressful event. Systolic blood pressures of exercise group were lower than those of non-exercise group during the stressful event, but this differences in borderline level of significance. state anger level of exercise group decreased even experiencing stress, while those of non-exercise group increase. And state anxiety level of exercise group decreased in borderline level of significance. Conclusion: This study reiterate health benefits of physical activity and suggest that regular moderate exercise may regulate cardiovascular reactivity and psycho-affective responses from stress by reducing stress induced sympathetic output.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.195-217
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• 2001

According to John Crowe Ransom, "the poem is a loose logical structure with an irrelevant local texture." As is implied in the opposition between "structure" and "texture," Ransom′s is a dualistic, that is, non-organic, theory of poetry, in which the poem′s sound does not have any expressive function while its figurative language always goes beyond the realm of abstract meaning and celebrates the ontological density of the world. His theory relies heavily upon a series of oppositions-poetry and prose, art and science, concrete and universal, artistic and utilitarian, to name only a few-in order to uphold the humanistic value of poetry ("poetry as knowledge"). There is, however, a sense that his theoretical consistency derives from a determined refusal to see the blurry borderline between the oppositions. It is more or less easy to point out where Ransom′s theory falters, but more critical efforts should be made to probe into the personal and cultural significance of his persistent dualistic viewpoint. For Ransom the southerner, life demands the precarious balance between the oppositions as the very precondition for its existence and his dualism represents a way to understand man′s fallen state at the realistic level.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of deconditioning within the field of nursing allied health sciences. Method: The concept analysis method described by Walker and Avant(1995) was used. Critical attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents were identified. Also model, borderline, contrary and related cases were proposed. Results: The definition of concept 'deconditioning' was a decrease in the function of general system that occured after long periods of immobility and might be marked by frail upon return to normal conditions. The attributes of deconditioning were as follows; 1) the deconditioning was caused by lengthening of physical inactivity; 2) the deconditioning state was resulted by respiratory system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, hematologic system and generalized manifestation; 3) the deconditioning state could be reconditioned. 4) The reinforced functions by exercise could be compromised by physical inactivity. Conclusion: Deconditioning is important concept in nursing practice since it occurs commonly in any patients who lack physical activity for long time and affects many aspects of clinical outcomes, but it could be reversible by nurses' efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 1990

Solvolyses of p-substituted benzyl bromides have been studied in dimethylsulfoxide-water and N,N-dimethylformamide-water mixtures by kinetic method. To determine the ionizing power, Y and the nucleophilicity, $N_{BS}$, the solvolyses of 1-adamantyl halides, t-butyl halides, and methyl tosylate in the same solvent mixtures have been investigated. The solvatochromic parameters for each dimethylsulfoxide-water mixtures have been determined by substituting into the Taft's linear solvatochromic energy relationships with measured $ν_{max}$. The solvolyses of p-substituted benzyl bromides have been found to proceed by borderline mechanism in which bond formation is more advanced than bond cleavage in the transition state based on the m, l values and ${\beta},{\rho}_s$, values.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.641-659
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• 2009

Since Plath killed herself in 1963, the theme of death has become one of the central motifs and allusions in her work. The biographical emphasis continues to blur the boundary between the artistic world and the material world. While approaching Plath's work from the perspective of personal experience, the objective of this paper is not to suggest that we encounter Plath's personal voice and emotions directly in her work. Rather, I emphasize how Plath's work of mourning is substantiated in the act of writing. Plath protects herself from the unnamable or the existential void by writing poems. She shows the way in which art or writing enables the subject to confront traumatic memory. While the death drive propels Plath towards destruction, artistic formation serves to alleviate her psychic crisis. What I shall suggest in the paper is how works of art lead the melancholic subject to challenge traumatic events. Plath herself suggests the therapeutic power of language. Plath's hostility toward women as well as men situates her work nearer to the Kristevan psychoanalytic theory which examines depressive anxieties intrinsically linked to the loss of maternal objects. Kristeva's particular focus on the concept of "death-bearing mother" or the unnamable offers a fruitful reading of the representation of infantile fantasies, sexuality, anger, and ambivalence toward lost loved object which clearly dominates most of Plath's poems. Kristeva elaborates mourning and melancholia through the framework of signification and it is of especial relevance in deciphering the recurring death drive and melancholic rage in Plath's work. Melancholic subjects in Plath's work are characterized by an amorphous state, occupying a borderline state regulated by the death drive.