• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

In consumption environment, the time interval is frequently found between purchase and consumption. The objective of this study is to determine how consumers' purchase intentions can be influenced by this type of temporal distance. Construal level theory holds that the 'distant future situation' tend to be construed on a higher level than the 'near future situation.' Accordingly, when considering the consumption in the near future, consumers tend to be more likely to focus on the feasibility of the alternatives than on desirability. Conversely, when considering the consumption in the distant future, they are more likely to focus on the desirability of the alternatives than on feasibility. Along with the previous literature, the current study investigates the effects of temporal distance between purchase and consumption on consumer choice. Moreover, we aim to determine under which conditions these effects pertain. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a 2(temporal distance:near future vs. distant future) x 2(alternative type:high desirability, low feasibility vs. low desirability, high feasibility) x 3(additional offering:no gift, free coffee coupon, free mini book) between subjects design. The results show that the main effects of temporal distance and additional offering are significant. The 2 way interaction between temporal distance and additional offerings is also significant. Specifically, the purchase intention differentiation from additional offering tends to be larger at shorter temporal distances (near future) than at long ones (distant future).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2002

E-commerce customers can reduce purchasing cost by the help of comparison shopping agents that collect price information of products in the shopping malls. However, user expects a software agent that can recommend product information satisfying various purchase conditions besides price. In this paper, we present a MAS (multi-agent system) which retrieves and recommends book information suitable for various user needs to realize an agent-based E-Commerce. We implemented and tested our MAS to help on-line bookstore customers. From the results, we could provide E-commerce customers various book purchase conditions for several online bookstores in real-time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2197-2204
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• 2015

In recent times, the high-tech society has become the most important issue by IT technology and publication network. Today such flows have also been the case in the e-book field. Today's electronic publication is changing day by day. But there are some problems according to the prevalence of e-book. E-book is similar to p-book(paper-book). There is a limit to have perfect feeling of a texture of p-book. In order to purchase an e-book, people use online. People having malicious intent could copy and distribute it illegally. It leads to cyber abuses. This paper aims at the copyright protection of e-book ePub writers. The proposed e-book copyright protection system is designed using e-book production Sigil environment and C program environment. This system uses client-server communication through e-book ePub as authentication information. It discerns whether to permit or not for a client to read the e-book using authentication information. Authentication information includes ID, password, IP address, limited time of authentication information, GUID(Globally Unique Identifier). If authentication information about e-book meets requirements, people can use it. But if not, it blocks people's approach by quitting program.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Recently, consumer who has a desire to spend less money want to buy a cheap and good product because of long economy recession. Secondhand trading is regarded as a good method which allows people to buy cheap and good product. Activation of secondhand trading reduces the psychological distance among customers. Especially, in the case of expensive books such as major books, each university has community only for used book trading. However, existing used book community is hard to find current real-time trading state at a look, and it is impossible to purchase reasonably because of a one-way pricing of the seller. In this paper, we design and implement a used book trading web service using an auction system which can help anyone to trade used book easily. It is designed web based system and it provides convenience to user through efficient book registration function and book search function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.27
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• pp.99-124
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• 1994

This study examines the establishment of Sea-po (서포) in the opening period of Korea at the end of the 19th century. The role they played, the particular situations and their geographical characteristics are researched, The earliest sea-po was Koh-je-hong sea-po, which was established in Tae­kwang-kyo at the end of 1880s. Around 1905, a specialised book distribution system was set up with establishement of Chu-han-yung book store, Kim-sang-man book store, Jesuit book store, Tae-dong su-si, Kae-myung sea-kwan, Tong-wha seo-kwan. The owners of the seo-pos were pioneers in introducing modern culture with nationalistic consciousness, although they were primarily businessmen and their social origins varied. The primary role of seo-pos was selling a variety of books but some combined printing and publication of books as well. It seems that publication business took roots around 1908, though it is difficult to know the accurate dates of first attempts. Some sea-pas offered book rental services for poor people who could not easily afford to purchase books. A certain amount of deposit had to be paid to benefit from the services. Jesuit Bookstore in Pyungyang had a library facility with a large stock or books in the same building open to public for free. These sea-pas started mainly in Seoul and Pyungyang, which were traditional centers for economic and cultural affairs. Early introduction of foreign cultures and commercial developments in these areas contributed to the establishment of sea-pos. The sea-po which took charge of book distribution in the provinces was set up around 1906. One of the important findings of this study is that the geographical distribution of sea-po shows the following three characteristics. First is that the area such as Seoul, Taegu and Chunju were the traditional centers of publishing culture from which Pang­gak-bon(방각본) emerged. Second characteristic is Pyungyang and the surrounding Pyungbuk province, and harbors like Inchon and Pusan, which had the benefits of early spread of modem cultures. Third characteristic is Kaesung and the surrounding Hwanghae province which bridged Pyungyang and Seoul. The reception of foreign cultures stimulated the commercial spirits traditionally attributed to Kaesung to establish sea-pas most actively.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.448-456
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• 2016

Dental care is becoming more available on the NHI(National Health Insurance) in Korea. Especially, complete denture, partial denture, dental scaling, and dental implant has been applied by NHI from 2012 to 2014. Although, the entire nation is not eligible for the benefit now, the more dental coverage of NHI is extended, the more regulaition is tightened. Essential documents for proof of correctness of dental treatment covered by NHI are dental records and the receipt book. Summary of regal regulation about them is as follows 1. Chief complaints of patients, diagnosis, progress, and act of treatment, drugs and materials of treatment, doctor's sign, date and hour should be placed accurately on dental record 2. Dental clinic should collect patients sharing of the dental cost covered by NHI. 3. Dental clinic should keep the receipt as proof of purchase of dental drugs or materials.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.5
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• pp.119-168
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• 1978

This is a survey of the reserved book system in the pilot universities in Korea. We have surveyed only 22 university libraries among 29 pilot schools as of 1977, because of the differences in the library users, library organization, library facilities, and library materials between universities and colleges. In 1972, the Korean Ministry of Education developed a reformation plan for their higher education based on the teaching method of curriculum-oriented faculty instead of that of the faculty-oriented curriculum. The former puts emphasis on the cultivation of a student's thinking, creativity, and judgement through self-teaching to do a given assignment. The reserved book system in a college or university library is one of the most important methods necessary to accomplish the above educational aim. The survey used a questionnaire with 50 question on 28 items concerning the various aspects of the reserved book system in 22 pilot universities. the survey result discovered many problems needing correction. The following list describes the measures needed to correct the problems found in the pilot universities. 1. The management of a centralized reserved book system is much more effective and economical than the decentralized reserved book system when a university is located on the same campus. 2. In the university library, an independent reserved book department requires to gain the desired educational aims as compared with the reserved book room controlled by any other department in the library. 3. The reserved book system should not be adopted by all the departments at once but enlarged gradually, for it needs the understanding and support of faculty members and the university itself. 4. As competence is essential to the effective operation of the reserved book room, the university library should not place an unqualified person in charge of the reserved book department. 5. The librarian in charge of the reserved book department is required to do more professional works such as analysis of users, collection and analysis of syllabuses, maintenance of faculty member cooperation, establishment of measures to acquire unavailable materials, and drawing up an effective management plan. However, he is spending most of his time in clerical works, that is, non-professional works. 6. Three to five titles of each reserved book are considered reasonable and required materials should be shelved in proportion to the number of students, that is, one copy per eight or ten students if the materials are allowed to lend for two hours at a time. For the supplementary materials, the library needs to place two or three copies per subject. 7. Professors must select reserved books with care so that they can be used year after year. 8. Few universities are asking professors the number of class students and the date when the reserved material will no longer be needed on reserve. 9. The library should gather all the lists of reserved books from every professor at least three to five months before the courses open, because it takes a long time to obtain foreign materials. 10. It is desirable that the reserved book department should collect the lists and prepare the materials with promptness and consistency. 11. Instead of block buying, it is desirable to purchase reserved books at the time the library gets the reserved book list from the professors. The library should also inform faculty members whether it obtained each reserved book or not before the course open. 12. The library should make a copy of materials if a professor requires to reserve an out-of-print book or partial contents of a book, journal, and thesis. 13. An independent budger for reserved books from the budget for general materials is desired. 14. The shelf arrangement of reserved books by courses or professors under the same department is much more preferable than a classified arrangement. 15. While most of the universities adopted the open shelves system for all the reserved books, it is more effective and economical to take a compromise system, that is, closed shelves for requires materials and open shelves for supplementary materials. 18. Circulation of reserved books needs a different system between required materials and supplementary materials: two or three hours and/or overnight loan for the former and two and/or three days loan for the latter. 17. A reserved book room should be open a long time after class so that students can have sufficient time to use the room. 18. The library must take daily and monthly statistic as well as statistics on every aspect of the reserved book system in order that the library ma decide on policy and management of the reserved book room in collaboration with the university. Furthermore, regular reports on the use of the reserved book room should be made to the president and the executive council by the library to acquire their understanding and cooperation for the reserved book system. 19. Cooperation of faculty members is indispensable to the effective management of the reserved book department and it is desirable to make a committee which will fix various decisions about the system. Whenever the director of the library make his decision, he must consult with his staff in order to involve them earnestly in the operation of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 2014

The main objective of this research is to investigate whether the RFM (recency-frequency-monetary value) information of a customer's redemption behavior of loyalty points can improve the prediction of future value of the customer. The conventional measurement of customer value has been primarily based on purchase transactions behavior although a customer's future behavior can be also influenced by other interactions between the customer and the firm such as redemption of rewards in a loyalty program. We theorize why a customer's redemption behavior can influence her future purchases and thereby the customer's total value based on operant learning theory, goal gradient hypothesis, and lock-in effect. Using a dataset from a major book store in Korea spanning three years between 2008 and 2010, we analyze both purchase transactions and redemption records of over 10,000 customers. The results show that the redemption-based RFM information does improve the prediction accuracy of the customer's future purchases. Based on this result, we also propose an improved estimate of customer lifetime value (CLV) by combining purchase transactions and loyalty points redemption data. Managerial implications will be also discussed for firms managing loyalty programs to maximize the total value customers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.18
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• pp.183-199
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• 2006

This study examines this intriguing idea In the context of the E-commerce involved in inquiring and purchasing books on the internet. Survey data from 154 potential users support and offend this hypothesis. The data show that both familiarity with an internet vendor and its processes and trust in the vendor influenced the respondent's intentions to inquire about books, it is primarily people's dispositions to trust that affected their trust in the vendor. The data support the basic assumption of the study both trust and familiarity influence E-commerce. Also, the study show that both trust in a Internet vendor and familiarity with the vendor and its procedures influence two distinct aspects of I-commerce intentions in book selling sites: inquiry and purchase. The influence if familiarity and trust are strong on people's intentions to purchase. The study show that trust and familiarity are distinctly different constructs, and that trust is significantly affected by familiarity, and not only by people's disposition to trust. The research model thus shows both trust and familiarity influence behavioral intentions. In this study, familiarity was introduced primarily as an antecedent of trust, while its role in increasing I-commerce was not as emphasized as that of trust. However, the importance of familiarity might be greater: familiarity influences both purchase intentions and inquiry intentions only slightly less than trust does.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.173-191
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• 2008

As volumes of electronic commerce increase rapidly, customers are faced with information overload, and it becomes difficult for them to find necessary information and select what they need. In this situation, recommender systems can help the customers search and select the products and services they need more conveniently. These days, the recommender systems play important roles in customer relationship management. In this research, we develop a recommender system that recommends the books to the customers of Internet bookstore. In previous researches on recommender systems, collaborative filtering technique has been often employed. For the collaborative filtering technique to be used, the rating scores on books given by previous purchasers have to be collected. However, the collection of rating scores is not an easy task in reality. Therefore, in this research, we employed case-based reasoning technique that can work only with the book purchase history of customers. The accuracy of recommendation of the resulting book recommender system was about 40% on the level 3 classification code.