• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2007

마이크로 임플란트의 식립 혹은 제거 시의 토오크는 안정성과 기계적 파절 가능성에 대한 척도가 되므로 골조건 및 임플란트의 디자인과 연계한 생역학적 분석을 통해 이를 해석적으로 예측하는 수단을 갖는 것이 의미 있는 과제라 사료된다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 국산 Absoanchor (Dentos Inc. Daegu, Korea) 마이크로 임플란트 모델을 대상으로 하여 기본적 디자인 변수(design parameter)인 길이, 직경, 나사산 크기와 토오크 및 임플란트의 비틀림 파절강도와의 역학적 상관관계에 대해 해석하였으며, 골특성이 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위해서 임플란트/해면골 계면의 저항력$(S_{can})$을 $1.0{\sim}2.5MPa$ 범위로 설정하였다. 분석을 위해 임플란트 디자인 변수들만의 함수인 토오크 지수와 비틀림 파절 강도의 지표인 강도 지수를 정의하였다. 분석결과, 임플란트 직경이 증가할수록 토오크 지수가 증가하지만 강도 지수가 토오크 지수보다 증가율이 커서 비틀림 파절에 대한 안전영역이 증가하였으며, 나사산 높이가 커지면 토오크 지수가 증가하지만 강도 지수는 감소되는 것을 관찰하였다. Absoanchor 마이크로 임플란트는 해면골과 계면에서의 저항력$(S_{can})$이 1.0 MPa 이하에서는 전 모델이 토오크에 의한 비틀림 파절로부터 안전한 것으로 분석되었으나 $(S_{can})$이 증가하면 일부 모델에서는 파절 위험성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. $S_{can}$이 1.5 MPa수준에서는 경부직경이 1.5 mm 이상이면 전체 길이$(5{\sim}12mm)$에서 안전하였다. 또한, $S_{can}$이 2.0 MPa 수준에서 식립깊이 8 mm를 가지려면 경부직경이 1.5 mm 이상인 모델을 선정하는 것이 안전한 것으로 분석되었다. 항불안을 측정하는 EPM 실험에서도 1회나 2주간 SCE 10mg/kg과 100mg/kg을 투여 받은 생쥐에서 생리 식염수만 투여 받은 생쥐보다 open arms에서 머무는 시간이 유의하게 증가되어 SCE가 단기 또는 장기간의 항불안에 효과가 있음을 나타냈다. 시험관내 실험 결과에서는, SCE와 SCE-40이 SERT, NET, 그리고 GABA ligand의 결합 억제능이 있음이 확인되었고, SCE와 SCE-40은 serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT)과, norepinephrine의 uptake를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구는 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 행동적, 신경학적으로 항우울, 항불안에 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 안전한 천연식품으로서 우울증, 불안증 등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 7. CHS-13 균주(菌株)의 RNA 함량(含量)은 $4.92{\times}10^{-2 }\;mg/m{\ell}$이었으며 yeast extract 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)하다가 농도(濃度) 0.2%에서 최대함량(最大含量)을 나타내고 그후는 감소(減少)

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

정중구개봉합의 급속확장은 상악골의 악궁의 폭을 증가시키고, 전방이동을 용이하게하므로 전후방적인 악골의 부조화나 상악치열궁 협착 등을 치료하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 연구는 정중구개봉합의 급속이개시 봉합부위에서 나타나는 골개조 과정 및 교원섬유의 변화를 관찰하고자 시행되었다. 생후 6-8개월된 유성견 4마리를 실험동물로 사용하여 인상을 채득한 후 주조된 급속정중이개장치에 Hyrax screw를 납착하여 장착시키고 1회에 $90^{\circ}$씩, 1일 2회전시켜 10일간 지속하였다. X-ray상에서 봉합의 이개를 확인한 후 이개직후, 15일, 30일 그리고 60일간의 보정기간을 거쳐 희생시키고 정중구개봉합부를 절취하여 봉합부위의 변화를 광학 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정중구개봉합 확장 직후 양 봉합골단의 일부에서는 신생골 형성이 관찰되었으며, 양 골단 사이의 교원 섬유속이 중앙에서 늘어나 골간거리가 확장되었다. 2. 정중구개봉합 확장 15일 후, 봉합면에서는 많은 파골세포를 가진 골흡수면이 증가되었고 양 골단 사이에 서는 교원섬유속의 주행방향이 불규칙하고, 조섬유세포 수가 줄어든 반면 많은 염증세포가 침윤되어 있었다. 3. 정중구개봉합 확장 30일 후 양 봉합골단에서 많은 조골세포를 가진 신생골이 성장하여 해면골이 형성되었으며, 양골단 사이에서는 교원섬유속이 풍부해지고 조섬유세포 수가 증가되었다. 4. 정중구개봉합 확장 60일 후, 양봉합골단은 해면골이 치밀골로 대치되어 골간거리가 좁아졌지만 계속적인 골개조현상이 관찰되었고, 교원섬유속이 재생된 봉합면에 매입되었으며, 연결 중앙부에서는 서로 교차되고 있는 양상이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 급속정중이개시 정중구개봉합 부위의 유주성 세포의 침윤상태가 유도되는 염증반응이 일어난 후 골개조현상이 일어났으며, 골개조 현상은 급속확장 2 개월 후에도 계속 진행되고 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 2008

Anodic spark deposition method(ASD) surface treated titanium implant possesses a considerable osteoconductive potential that promoting a high level of implant osseointegration in normal bone. The purpose of this study was to observe the ASD implant's osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Twenty four rats, 10 weeks of age, were ovarectomized and 5 weeks later divided into two groups : ASD implant group and control implant group. Titanium screw implants (diameter; 2.0 mm, length, 3.5 mm; pitch-height, 0.4 mm) were designed for this study. Experimental implants were ASD treated and no treatment on control implants. ASD implants and control implants were placed in to left tibiae of rats. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation and immunohisto-chemistrical observation, with collagen type Ⅰ, fibronectin, integrin ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_1$ and integrin ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ antibodies. The results obtained from this study were as follow: 1. Histopathologic findings, overall tissue response and the pattern of bone formation in both groups were similar. In ASD group, more newly formed bone was seen at 1 week and 2weeks than control group. 2. The levels of type Ⅰ collagen and fibronectin expression were the most abundant at 2weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. Fibronectin and type Ⅰ collagen expression in ASD group were stronger than control group but no significance. 3. The levels of integrin ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_1$ and Integrin ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ expression were most abundant at 2 weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. No significant difference was observed in both groups. From this results, anodic oxidized titanium implants were more advantages in early stage of bone formation than control group, but have no significance in tissue responses and late bone formations. It could be stated that although anodic oxidized titanium implant possesses considerable osteoconductive potential but in osteoporotic bone condition dental implant procedure should performed after improving or treating the osteoporotic bone condition.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of repetitive distraction and compression on new bone formation during distraction period. Materials and methods: Sixteen healthy rabbits, weighing about 2.5kg, were used in this experiment. A unilateral mandibular osteotomy was performed in the left mandible and the distractor(Track 1 $plus^{(R)}$, Gebruder Martin $GmbH^{(R)}$, Germany) was fixed with four screws (Cross driver screw $TI^{(R)}$, Gebruder Martin $GmbH^{(R)}$, Germany). After 4 days, the mandibles were distracted at a rate of 0.6mm/day for 10 days to obtain the amount of 6mm distraction in the control group(n=4). In the experimental group A(n=6), they were distracted at a rate of 1.2mm/day for 5 days and then compression of 0.6mm length and distraction of 0.6mm per 12 hours were carried out as counter direction for 5 days, relatively. In the experimental group B(n=6), distraction of 1.2mm length and compression of 0.6mm length per 12 hours were repeated for 10 days to obtain the amount of 6mm distraction finally. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery and block specimens were obtained. With histologic and histomorphometric analysis, we observed the histologic changes of the cells and bone formation after H-E and Masson- Trichrome staining and then, measured Bone Deposition Rate with TOMORO $ScopeEye^{TM}$ ver. 3.5(Olympus, Japan), Results: Histologically, new bone formation was examined in all experimental groups and the control. But, the ability of bone formation of the experimental group A was somewhat better than any other groups. On the histomorphometric analysis, Bone Deposition Rate was higher in the experimental group A$(50.67{\pm}4.36%)$ than in the control group$(45.94{\pm}3.97%)$ and in the experimental group B$(42.68{\pm}5.70%)$. These data showed significant differences statistically(p<0.05). Conclusion: These results show that the distraction osteogenesis using repetitive compression and distraction force in the early consolidation period may be effective for new bone formation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of calcium and vitamin D to the titanium implant osseointegration in animal model. 32 rats, 10 weeks of age, were divided into two group: additional calcium and vitamin D supplementation group and a control group. Titanium screw implant(diameter, 2.0mm; length, 3.5mm; pitch-height 0.4mm) were placed into tibia of 32 rats, 16 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval(1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin and osteopontin antibody. Histopathologically findings, newly formed bone was seen at 1 weeks and became lamellar bone at 2 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 4 weeks experimental group. In control group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 4 weeks gradually and trabecullar bone was seen at 8 weeks. By histomorphometric analysis, bone marrow density was increased significantly at 1 and 2 weeks in experimental group compared to control group. Osteocalcin immunoreactivity was strong at 1 week experimental group and reduced after 4 weeks gradually. But it was continuously weakly from 1 to 4 weeks in control group. Osteopontin immunoreactivity was very strong in newly formed bone from 2 to 8 weeks experimental group. And the amount of osteopontin expression was more abundant in experimental group. The results of this study suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplementation promotes bone healing around dental implants

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1284-1290
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• 2001

Objective : PCB cervical instrument is a newly introduced fusion device which comprises cervical plate, cage (spacer) and screw system. It is developed to enhance fusion rate and stability, as well as to reduce complications related to hardware failure. We investigated the efficacy of clinical and radiological results of PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. Methods : From August, 1998 to October, 1999, authors performed 54 cases of anterior cervical interbody fusion with PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. Retrospective analysis was undertaken based on clinical and radiological findings. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to Odom's criteria. Cervical plain films and tomography were taken every 2 months to evaluate the degree of interbody fusion and disc height changes. Results : Bone fusion was observed in 36 cases(90%) over 6 months after operation, and during which time there was no significant interval change. There were 3 cases of hardware dislodgement. Disc height was increased significantly and preserved in all cases. Clinical outcome over good degree was seen more than 94% of patients. Conclusion : Longer follow-up period and comparative studies to similar instrument appear to be necessary, but this instrumentation system has shown high fusion rate and fewer adverse effects in our series. We believe this system might be indicated for the treatment of cervical trauma and degenerative disease in selective cases.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2001

Unicameral bone cysts are benign solitary lesions that occur in the first two decades of life and with a greater frequency in the humerus and femur. The cyst is usually asymptomatic unless a fracture or impending fracture is present. The traditional method of treating unicameral cysts has been curettage with bone graft or steroid injection. Also, pathologic fractures in the calcaneus, unlike in other bones, are reported especially in the children to be nonexistent. In general, closed treatment was recommended for most of the calcaneal fractures in children, but suggested open reduction when joint displacement was severe. We report a case of displaced intraarticular fracture of the calcaneus with unicameral bone cyst in a child treated by classic curettage, allograft and open reduction with screw fixation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

Background: The aim of study was to confirm the clinical effectiveness and results of wide and single anterior approach for fractures occurring along length of humerus. Methods: A total of 23 patients with humeral fracture were enrolled into our study who were able to participate in at least one year of follow-up. Seven patients had segmental comminuted humeral fractures and 16 patients had distal humeral fractures. We made various tractions of the muscles to expose the proximal and the middle third humerus between the biceps and brachialis and the distal humerus by partial splitting of lateral side of biceps through a single incision. Postoperatively, we measured the Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI). Results: we achieved bone union in all 23 patients. Solid union of the bone was achieved at an average 13.9 weeks. Postoperatively, two complications were observed screw loosening and nonunion. Revision surgery was performed in both patients. The patient with bone nonunion was treated using bone grafts. No postoperative infections or peripheral neuropathies were observed. At the final follow-up (average 20 months), we found that the average MEPI functional score of the patients was 91.7 points regardless of the fracture site. Conclusions: Our whole humerus with a single incision was effective for the treatment of segmental comminuted and distal fractures. we believe it is a useful alternative to preexisting methods of fracture fixation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic changes of regular diameter implants placed in the posterior region. A total of 47 standard diameter implants were consecutively placed in the posterior region of 20 partially edentulous patients. The diameters of the implants were 4.1mm (N=35, 74%) and 4.3mm (N=12, 26%), respectively. Peri-implant bone loss and clinical parameters such as mobility, suppuration, swelling, bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at the baseline and?the final follow-up visit. The age of the patients ranged between 24~82 years (mean age: 54.7 years). The cumulative survival rate of the regular diameter implants loaded for a period of 3-24 months (Mean: $11.7{\pm}7.9$ month) was 100%. The average bone loss over the follow-up was $0.36{\pm}0.67\;mm$. Success rate was 95.7%. Only two implants failed (bone loss exceeding 1mm after 1 year of placement). Some prosthetic complications occurred, such as screw loosening (N=1) and dissolution of cementation material (N=2). The present study describes successful outcome following the use of standard-diameter-implants placed in the posterior region, and further comprehensive maintenance practices and follow-up schedules are required.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2002

This study was aimed to analyze the stress distribution of implant and supporting tissue in single tooth implant restoration using Branemark $system^{(R)}$(Nobel Biocare, Gothenberg, Sweden) and Bicon system(Bicon Dental Implants, Boston, MA). Two dimensional finite element analysis model was made at mandibular first premolar area As a crown materials porcelain, ceromer, ADA type III gold alloy were used. Tests have been performed at 25Kgf vertical load on central fossa of crown portion and at 10Kgf load with $45^{\circ}$ lateral direction on cusp inclination. The displacement and stresses of implant and supporting structures were analyzed to investigate the influence of the crown material and the type of implant systems by finite element analysis. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The type of crown material influenced the stress distribution of superstructure, but did not influence that of the supporting alveolar bone. 2. The stress distribution of ceromer and type III gold alloy and porcelain is similar. 3. Stress under lateral load was about twice higher than that of vertical load in all occlusal restorative materials. 4. In Bicon system, stress concentration is similar in supporting bone area but CerOne system generated about 1.5times eater stress more in superstructure material. 5. In Branemark models, if severe occlusal overload is loaded in superstvucture. gold screw or abutment will be fractured or loosened to buffer the occlusal overload but in Bicon models such buffering effect is not expected, so in Bicon model, load can be concentrated in alveolar bone area.