• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2019

Collagen can be used in building artificial skin replacements for treatment of burns and towards the reconstruction of bone as well as researching cell behavior and cellular interaction. The strength of collagen in connective tissue rests on the characteristics of collagen fibers. 3D confocal imaging of collagen fibers enables the characterization of their spatial distribution as related to their function. However, the image stacks acquired with confocal laser-scanning microscope does not clearly show the collagen architecture in 3D. Therefore, we developed a new method to reconstruct, visualize and characterize collagen fibers from fluorescence confocal images. First, we exploit the tensor voting framework to extract sparse reliable information about collagen structure in a 3D image and therefore denoise and filter the acquired image stack. We then propose to segment the collagen fibers by defining an energy term based on the Hessian matrix. This energy term is minimized by a min cut-max flow algorithm that allows adaptive regularization. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods by visualizing reconstructed collagen from specific 3D image stack.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

초고분자량 폴리에틸렌은 우수한 기계적 특성과 생체 적합성으로 인해 생체 재료 분야에서 널리 이용되어 왔다. 그러나, 다른 생체 고분자 재료와의 접착 시, 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말의 표면 불활성으로 인해 접착력이 현저히 감소한다. 본 연구에서는 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말을 첨가함으로써 상온 경화형 폴리(메틸 메타크릴레이트) 뼈 시멘트의 기계적 특성 및 열적 특성을 향상시키기 위해 메틸 메타크릴레이트와 자일렌의 혼합 용액으로 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말의 표면 개질을 시도하였다. 개질 후, 표면 처리된 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말은 적외선 분광기, 주사전자 현미경, 인장압축 시험기, 및 디지털 온도계로 특성을 결정하였다. 메틸 메타크릴레이트와 자일렌의 함량을 달리하여 표면 개질된 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말을 함유한 폴리(메틸 메타크릴레이트) 뼈 시멘트의 기계적 특성을 측정해 본 결과, 메틸 메타크릴레이트/자일렌을 1 : 1 (부피 비율)로 표면 개질한 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말을 첨가시킨 새로운 폴리(메틸 메타크릴레이트) 뼈 시멘트의 기계적 강도가 최대였으며, 중합 열은 103 $^{\circ}C$에서 58∼73 $^{\circ}C$로 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한, 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 분말의 표면 개질방법의 메카니즘을 제안하였다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, the performance of the X-ray tube was very much improved by the power generation of the technology. However, the overload of equipment is occurred by the increment of the equipment operating time according to the increment of the examination number of cases. The X-ray dose can change by heat occurrence of the X-ray tube due to this. Moreover, the change of the bone mineral density value is possible to occur. Therefore, We tries to whether the change of the bone mineral density value of each equipment according to the difference of the examination number of cases and operating time occur or not. Materials and Methods: The BMD value was measured by the Aluminum Spine Phantom and the European Spine Phantom in each equipment, in order to find out about the difference of the time general classification bone mineral density value by using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. And after scanning each phantom by using X-ray dose meter (Unfors Mult-O-Meter), a dose was measured by the same condition. As to, an average and standard deviation were found and the change of each equipment much BMD value was compared and it evaluated. Results: $Mean{\pm}SD$ of each equipment by using the Aluminum Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.174{\pm}0.002$, $1.171{\pm}0.005$, $1.173{\pm}0.005$, B equipment was $1.186{\pm}0.003$, $1.187{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, C equipment was $1.180{\pm}0.003$, $1.182{\pm}0.004$, $1.183{\pm}0.002$, D equipment was $1.188{\pm}0.004$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.004$. By using the European Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.153{\pm}0.009$, $1.161{\pm}0.003$, B equipment was $1.134{\pm}0.004$, $1.13{\pm}0.008$, $1.127{\pm}0.015$, C equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.134{\pm}0.01$, $1.133{\pm}0.006$, D equipment was $1.14{\pm}0.001$, $1.122{\pm}0.002$, $1.131{\pm}0.008$, altogether included in the normal range. Conclusion: There was no significant change of the BMD value of using a phantom by time zones. Therefore, if the quality control is made to use the extent management method of the equipment for beginning in the present application, the reliability of the BMD equipment will be able to be enhanced.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2017

전신 뼈 스캔은 핵의학에서 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 검사 중 하나이다. 기본적으로 전면상과 후면상을 동시에 획득하는데, 때때로 전면상과 후면상만으로는 병소를 분간하기 어려울 때가 있다. 이러한 경우 SPECT/CT나 추가 정적 영상을 통한 병소의 정확한 위치 확인이 중요하며, 추가 촬영 여부에 대한 최초 판단은 주로 방사선사에 의해 이루어진다. 이에 본원에서는 방사선사의 업무 능력 함양을 위한 다양한 개선활동이 이루어져 왔고, 본 연구에서는 방사선사의 교육 및 표준화된 업무 프로세스 적용이 전신 뼈 스캔 오류 감소에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다. 새로운 프로세스 적용을 위해 몇 가지 시스템이 순차적으로 도입되었다. 첫 번째는 의국 교육 및 테스트의 시행, 두 번째는 추가 촬영이 예상되는 환자를 분류하여 촬영 전에 방사선사가 미리 확인할 수 있는 사전 여과 시스템 도입, 마지막으로 판독의가 방사선사에게 직접 촬영 영상에 대해 피드백 할 수 있는 NMQA라는 커뮤니케이션 시스템을 적용하였다. 결과 확인을 위해 2014년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과를 내원한 전신 뼈 스캔 환자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 조사 기간 동안 전체 전신 뼈 스캔 대비 NMQA가 전송된 검사 건수를 백분율로 산출하였다. 연간 발생량은 2014년 141건, 2015년 88건, 2016년 86건으로 집계되었고 NMQA 발생률은 2014년 0.88%, 2015년 0.53%, 2016년 0.45%로 감소하였다. 새로운 프로세스가 적용된 2014년 이후 NMQA 발생률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 다만 통계적으로 유용성을 확인하기까지는 데이터가 부족하여 향후에도 지속적인 데이터 축적이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. 본 연구를 통해 전신 뼈 스캔 영상 질 향상을 위해 표준화된 업무와 교육의 필요성을 확인하였고 향후에도 지속적인 연구와 관심으로 업데이트가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

골밀도검사에서 측정값에 영향을 주는 요인 중 하나인 방사선 조영제는 진단 목적으로 사용되어 조직 등에 흡수되어 골밀도 측정값을 높이는 효과가 있어, 골밀도검사 시행 전에는 될 수 있으면 피하고 있다. 이러한 방사선 조영제와는 다른 물리적 특성과 작용기전을 갖는 MRI 조영제는 금속원소인 가돌리늄 기반으로 방사선 불투과성 특징을 가지고 있어 일반적으로 방사선을 이용한 검사 전에 MRI 검사를 선 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MRI 조영제가 이중에너지 X-선 흡수법을 이용한 골밀도검사에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 가돌리늄 기반의 MRI 조영제 2종을 아크릴 수조에 용량별로 주입하여 인체모형 척추 팬텀을 넣고, 각 주입량 종류별로 5회씩 총 30회 scan 하여 L1-L4 번까지의 골밀도와 T-score를 분석하였다. 측정된 2종의 조영제별 Total(L1-L4) 골밀도의 평균값은 가도테레이트 메글루민성분 0mL, 7.5mL, 15mL일때, 각각 0.952±0.052, 0.957±0.050, 0.956±0.05 g/㎠로 나타났으며, 가도부트롤성분 0mL, 5mL, 10mL일 때, 각각 0.953±0.001, 0.954±0.001, 0.945±0.001g/㎠로 모든 부위에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). Total (L1-L4) T-score의 평균값은 가도테레이트 메글루민성분은 0mL, 7.5mL, 15mL일 때, 각각 -0.46±0.05, -0.4±0, -0.42±0.04로 나타났으며, 가도부트롤성분 0mL, 5mL, 10mL일 때, 각각 -0.46±0.05, -0.46±0.05, 0.5±0.00으로 모든 부위에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 본 실험에서는 MRI 조영제는 이중에너지 X-선 흡수법을 이용한 골밀도검사에 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 임상 대상이 아닌 제한적 조건의 인체 모형 팬텀을 사용하여 조영제의 배출시간에 영향을 주는 신장 기능, 신체 상태 등이 고려되지 못한 제한점이 있어 추후 추가적인 임상연구 진행이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-62
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the three dimensional vascular changes of periodontal ligament following orthodontic tooth movement. Experimental tooth movement was carried out in 96 Sprague-Dawley rats with the weight of 250g. They were divided into four experimental groups (each 24 rats). The left maxillary first molar was moved mesially with 25g force in group I, and with 75g force in group II. Each three animals were sacrificed after 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 3, 7, 14, 21 days. In group III, 25g mesial force was applied for 3 days, and in group IV, 75g mesial force was applied for 3 days. Then the appliances were removed, and each three animals were sacrificed after 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 3, 7, 14, 21 days from removal of appliance. The contralateral molars were used for control group. Casting media was injected via left ventricle and polymerized in warm water. After corrosion of surrounding soft tissue, three dimensional vascular changes were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Pressure side of group I and II showed degenerative vascular changes such as vascular compression, reduction of vasculature, leakage of casting media. But, regenerative changes were dominant after 7 days of tooth movement. Although the degenerative vascular changes were more severe in group II, which was exposed to heavy force, the timing of these changes was not different between two groups. 2. Periodontal vasculature was reestablished by the growth of new capillaries and their differentiation and union from the remaining periodontal vessels and vessels of alveolar bone marrow. Although vascular regeneration was more rapid in group I, which was exposed to light force, the vasculature was not fully normalized in both groups even after 21 days. 3. There was no remarkable changes in tension side of group I and II, but looping of capillary, new capillary growth, dilation of vessels, redirection of vessels in the direction of tensile force were occurred. 4. In pressure side of group III and IV, in which appliance was removed after 3 days of orthodontic force, bone resorption was continued even after removal of appliance. Regeneration of vasculature was initiated after 1-6 hours, and it was more rapid in group III than group IV. In both groups, the vasculature was not fully normalized even after 21 days. 5. After removal of appliance, tension side of group III and IV showed vascular compression and loss of vasculature.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2011

5 year-old female Siberian husky which was 27 kg had presented with a recurrent rhinitis with chronic discharge and cough. A nasal foreign material had been suggested by a finding of a bone density ($0.3{\times}0.3$ cm) in the left nasal cavity on X-ray and CT-scanning. Soft tissue opacity in frontal sinus and nasal cavity was increased and foreign material was located beside turbinate bone in the left nasal. We found that there was the increase in the number of eosinophil and mast cell by the nasal cytology test. These results mentioned above indicated that the rhinitis by nasal foreign body was suspicious. We decided that the transfrontal rhinotomy could be the proper procedure to approach the material in this case. After rhinotomy, the foreign body and severe sticky discharge were removed. Drain was placed through the hole and into the frontal sinus and nasal cavity which were flushed two times a day for 7 days. The clinical signs such as cough and nasal discharge were shown to be improved in the every visiting for the re-check. On the $40^{th}$ day after surgery, we could confirm that the most of soft tissue density in the frontal sinus and nasal cavity was decreased by CT-scanning. However, foreign body was not identified by histological examination. For the treatment of chronic rhinitis caused by foreign body, the surgical method such as rhinotomy can be applied, when it is difficult to remove it in the guide of the nasal endoscope.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 1993

Recent reports indicate that shorter etching times than 60 seconds can be adopted without affecting the bond strength and clinical disadvantages. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bone strength and to measure depth of etch at different etching time length. One hundred and eight extracted bovine lower central incisors were embedded each in a tooth cup with cold-cure acrylic resin. The facial surfaces of the teeth were ground wet with 600-, 800-, 1000-, and 1200-grit Sic papers, and finally polished with a water slurry of extrafine silicon carbide powder, washed with tap water, and dried with hot air. Nine groups of nine prepared teeth were etched with a commercial($38\%$ phosphoric acid solution) for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds, respectively, rinsed with tap water, and dried with hot air. One conditioned teeth from every group was selected randomly for the scanning electron microscopic examination, and the remaining eight teeth of the groups were used for measuring the push shear bond strength after bonding brackets and immensing them in the $36.5^{\circ}C$ water for 24 hours. Another nine groups of three teeth were used for measuring the depth of etch and surface roughness with a surface profilometer. after pieces of adhesive tape of 3mm inner diameter positioned on the ground enamel surfaces, and etched with the above mentioned. The data obtained form the above expeiments were analysed statistically with one way ANOVA and Dunkan's multiple range test with the $95\%$ confidence level. The results and conclusion of the study were as follows; 1. The results of shear bond strength for the given experimental etching times were not statistically different, but showed the tendency of decreasing shear bone strength after over 60 seconds etching times. 2. On the scanning election microscopic examination, it was observed that the morphological patterns of etched enamel surface for 5 to 20 seconds were similar and consitent, and those for 30 to 120 seconds showed increasing over-etched patterns depending on the length of etching times. 3. The depth of etch was increased almost proportionally by the length of etching times, but it was not associated with the shear bond strength. 4. The surface roughness increased depending on the length of etching times, but it was not associated with the shear bond strength. 5. This experiment indicated that proper etching time with $38\%$ phosphoric acid solution is in the range of 5 to 30 seconds.

• 고문화
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• 66호
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• pp.87-112
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• 2005

Stain removal on ivory has been, for a long time, considered an undesirable treatment in conservation field because ivory is hygroscopic and anisotropic, having different physical properties in different directions. Cyclododecane, which sublimes at room temperature, has been investigated for its use in conservation field since 1995, as a reversible temporary consolidant, sealing agent or coating, water repellent, and barrier layer. This research aims to remove stains on ivory, temporarily protecting the none-stained area or painted area from methanol, acetone or the aqueous cleaning system using cyclododecane as a hydrophobic sealing agent. This research also aims to obtain information regarding whether cyclododecane can be safely and effectively used on archaeological wet ivory. Melted cyclododecane and saturated solutions of cyclododecane in mineral spirits, and hexanes were applied to ivory samples. Application methods, working properties of cyclododecane on ivory, and effect of cyclododecane coating on moisture content of wet ivory were evaluated. The sealing layer formed by molten cyclododecane or by saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane or saturated cyclododecane solution in mineral spirits did not form a secure contact with the surface of the highly polished ivory. The sealing formed with two different layers, in which saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane was applied initially and then molten cyclododecane was applied over the first layer, was found to securely protect the painted area. When the wet samples were kept in 100% RH environments for a month, active mold growths were observed except in the samples sealed with molten cyclododecane. In conclusion, cyclododecane was an efficient hydrophobic sealing agent to protect painting area while cleaning stains on ivory. It also prevented mold growing on wet ivory and wet bone. Evenness of cyclododecane film on ivory will be determined in UV light. Analytical techniques will include visual observation, polarized light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Gas Chromatography.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2016

$HA(hydroxyapatite)/{\beta}-TCP$ (tricalcium phosphate) biomaterial (BCP; biphasic calcium phosphate) is widely used as bone cement or scaffolds material due to its superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, $NH_4HCO_3$ as a space holder (SH) has been used to evaluate feasibility assessment of porous structured BCP as bone scaffolds. In this study, using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at 393K and 1373K under 20MPa load, porous $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ biomaterials were successfully fabricated using $HA/{\beta}-TCP$ powders with 10~30 wt% SH, TiH2 as a foaming agent, and MgO powder as a binder. The effect of SH content on the pore size and distribution of the BCP biomaterial was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a microfocus X-ray computer tomography system (SMX-225CT). The microstructure observations revealed that the volume fraction of the pores increased with increasing SH content and that rough pores were successfully fabricated by adding SH. Accordingly, the cell viabilities of BCP biomaterials were improved with increasing SH content. And, good biological properties were shown after assessment using Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS).