• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2010

본 연구는 BMP-4의 발현을 통해 골절 후 골유합에 대한 미세전류의 효과를 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 체중 2.5~3 kg내외의 6개월 령 뉴질랜드 웅성 토끼 24마리를 사용하였으며 경골 골절 후 미세전류를 적용한 실험군과 비적용군인 대조군으로 나누었고, 시간경과에 따른 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 3일, 7일, 14일 및 28일군으로 나누어 BMP-4에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 실행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. BMP-4의 발현은 미세전류를 적용한 실험군과 자연치유군인 대조군 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하다가 감소되었다. 그러나 골절 7일 후 까지 동일 시점에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 더욱 강한 면역양성 반응을 보였다. 특히 경골 골절 7일 후 대조군은 하버씨계의 동심원과 간질층판을 중심으로 중등도의 갈색의 면역양성반응을 보인데 반해 실험군의 경우 바깥층판을 포함하여 매우 강한 갈색의 면역양성반응을 보였다. 위의 결과로 보면 골절 후 미세전류를 적용할 때 치유과정 초기에 골형성단백질인 BMP-4의 발현을 증가시켜 골절 치유를 촉진시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2001

본 실험은 탁월한 골유도능으로 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 BMP의 세포내 신호 전달자로 알려진 Smad 1과 Smad 5가 조골세포 초기 분화표지인자인 ALP 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향 및 그 조절기전을 알아보고자 하였다. BMP 처리 없이도 Smad에 의해 ALP가 발현되는가를 알아보기 위해 Smad 1과 Smad 5가 각각 stably transfection된 C2C12 세포를 3일간 배양후 histochemical assay를 하였고, Smad 1과 Smad 5의 expression vector와 ALP promoter vector를 transient co-transfection한 후 ALP promoter activity를 측정하였다. Smad에 의한 BMP의 효과를 알아보기 위해서 100ng/ml의 BMP-2를 처리한 군과 처리하지 않은 군으로 나누어 세포를 배양한후 ALP 유전자의 발현을 northern blot analysis로 확인 하였다. Smad가 ALP 유전자의 발현을 직접적으로 조절하는가를 알아보기 위해서는 단백질 합성억제제인 cycloheximide를 전처리하여 ALP 유전자의 발현을 northern blot analysis하였다. 이상의 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. $\cdot$ Smad 1과 Smad 5가 과발현된 세포에서는 BMP 처리없이도 ALP가 발현된다. $\cdot$ Smad 1과 Smad 5가 과발현된 세포에서 BMP 처리후 ALP 발현 증가율이 대조군 보다 현저히 높게 나타나 Smad가 BMP 효과를 증가시킨다는 것을 알 수 있다. $\cdot$ Smad는 새로운 단백질의 합성을 통해 ALP 유전자를 발현시킨다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

Suppression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling induces neural induction in the ectoderm of developing embryos. BMP signaling inhibits neural induction via the expression of various neural suppressors. Previous research has demonstrated that the ectopic expression of dominant negative BMP receptors (DNBR) reduces the expression of target genes down-stream of BMP and leads to neural induction. Additionally, gain-of-function experiments have shown that BMP downstream target genes such as MSX1, GATA1b and Vent are involved in the suppression of neural induction. For example, the Vent1/2 genes are involved in the suppression of Geminin and Sox3 expression in the neural ectodermal region of embryos. In this paper, we investigated whether PV.1, a BMP downstream target gene, negatively regulates the expression of FoxD5b, which plays a role in maintaining a neural progenitor population. A promoter assay and a cyclohexamide experiment demonstrated that PV.1 negatively regulates FoxD5b expression.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2022

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a green leafy vegetable, is well known as a functional food due to its biological activities. Vascular calcification is associated with several disease conditions including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is known to raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases related morbidity and mortality. However, there are no previous studies that have investigated the effects of fermented spinach exract (FSE) against aortic and its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and action of possible mechanisms of FSE on inorganic phosphate (PI)-induced vascular calcification in ex vivo mouse aortic rings. PI increased vascular calcification through calcium deposition in ex vivo aortic rings. FSE inhibited calcium accumulation and osteogenic key marker, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) protein expression in ex vivo aortic rings. And, FSE inhibited PI-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 phosphorylation in ex vivo aortic rings. These results show that FSE can prevent vascular calcification which may be a crucial way for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease association with vascular calcification.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2020

A 6-year-old Thoroughbred mare presented to the Korea Racing Authority Equine Hospital with dropping of the left front fetlock due to an injury sustained while racing. Radiographic examination revealed a comminuted fracture of both proximal sesamoid bones of the affected fetlock. Arthrodesis of the fetlock joint using a broad dynamic compression plate with a tension band wire was performed as a salvage procedure for the future use as a broodmare. After surgery, however, a delayed union of the bones and surgical site infection was present for a prolonged period. Staphylococcus aureus was persistently identified from the surgical site, and antimicrobial therapies were based on antibiotic sensitivity tests, including regional perfusions. The removal and replacement of surgical implants associated with seropurulent discharge was based on coordinating the development of fetlock ankylosis and infection control over 13 months. Firstly, seven screws associated with surgical drainage were replaced and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and local antibiotics were placed into the surgical site to accelerate bone fusion at postoperative month 7. Further six screws, along with drainage, were removed at postoperative month 10. The plate and screws were removed from the limb due to the progression of bone fusion at postoperative month 13; BMP-2 and local antibiotics were also used. Delayed healing of arthrodesis due to surgical site infection and implant instability were treated by implant removals and antibiotic therapies, and the horse eventually showed improved weight-bearing ability of the affected limb.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2011

Purpose: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell differentiation into osteoblasts is important in bone formation. Bone formation is a complex biological process and involves several tightly regulated gene expression patterns of bone-related proteins. The expression patterns of bone related proteins are regulated in a temporal manner both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to observe the gene expression profile in PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. Methods: PDL cells were grown until confluence, which were then designated as day 0, and nodule formation was induced by the addition of 50 ${\mu}g$/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate, and 100 nM dexamethasone to the medium. The dishes were stained with Alizarin Red S on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of various genes on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Results: On day 0 with a confluent monolayer, in the active proliferative stage, c-myc gene expression was observed at its maximal level. On day 7 with a multilayer, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and BMP-4 gene expression had increased and this was followed by maximal expression of osteocalcin on day 14 with the initiation of nodule mineralization. In relationship to apoptosis, c-fos gene expression peaked on day 21 and was characterized by the post-mineralization stage. Here, various genes were regulated in a temporal manner during PDL fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization. The gene expression pattern was similar. Conclusions: We can speculate that the gene expression pattern occurs during PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. On the basis of these results, it might be possible to understand the various factors that influence PDL cell proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization with regard to gene expression patterns.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2010

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 골형성단백질 (recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2; rhBMP-2)이 코팅된 임플란트가 치조골 증대에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 6마리의 비글견이 실험에 사용되었다. 6개의 8 mm 길이의 임플란트가 발치 후 6개월 이상의 충분한 치유기간이 경과한 비글견의 치조골에 5 mm 깊이로 식립되었다. 각각의 동물에 좌측과 우측의 악궁-분할형으로 임의추출하여 한쪽에는 1.5 ml/mg 농도의 rhBMP-2가 코팅된 임플란트를, 반대편에는 코팅되지 않은 대조군 임플란트를 식립하고 임플란트 주변 골에 round bur를 이용하여 피질골 천공을 시행하였다. 점막골막판막에 이완절개를 시행하여 판막을 접합시키고 봉합하여 임플란트가 피개되도록 하였다. 방사선 사진 촬영은 수술 직후 (기준치), 수술 4주후, 수술 8주 후에 시행하였다. 측정은 각 방사선 사진의 임플란트 덮개나사 최상방에서 변연골까지의 거리를 측정하여 골 형성량을 계산하였다. 수술 직후와 수술 8주 후에 임플란트 안정도 (Implant Stability Quotient value; ISQ value)를 측정하였다. 통계분석을 위해 SPSS software를 사용하여 Man-Whitney ranksum test와 Wilcoxon signed ranksum test를 시행하였다. 통계적 유의수준은P=.05를 기준으로 하였다. 결과: 골형성단백질이 코팅된 임플란트에서 수직 결손부 상방으로 약 0.6 mm의 골 형성이 관찰되었다. 대조군에서는 제한된 양의 골 형성 혹은 골 소실이 일어났다. 각 시기에 따른 실험군과 대조군간의 골 형성량에 유의한 차이가 있었다 (P<.05). ISQ value는 수술 직후에는 실험군과 대조군의 유의한 차이가 없었지만 수술 8주 후에는 실험군에서 대조군 보다 유의하게 높게 증가되었다 (P<.05). 결론: 골형성단백질이 코팅된 임플란트는 완전히 치유된 치조골에서 임상적으로 유의한 골 증대 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.905-911
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• 2011

Polymorphisms of BMP15 gene exon 2 and its relationship with prolificacy of goats were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods in Chinese two local goat breeds. The results showed that the product amplified by the primers displayed polymorphisms. Three genotypes (AA, BB and AB) were detected in Funiu white goats, and their frequency was 0.071, 0.715, 0.214, respectively. Two genotypes (AB and BB) were detected in Taihang black goats, and their frequency was 0.342 and 0.658, respectively. Sequencing revealed that four mutations (456T${\rightarrow}$G, 466C${\rightarrow}$G, 510C${\rightarrow}$T, 511T${\rightarrow}$C) occurred in genotype BB of Funiu white goat, which resulted in amino acid substitution of V155G and S171P. No mutation was detected in Taihang black goat. The Funiu white goat with genotype BB had 0.91 or 0.82 kids, more than those with AB or AA, respectively. The difference of the least squares means for litter size between BB and AB was not significant (p>0.05) in Taihang black goat. It is concluded that the BMP15 gene may be a major gene which affects the prolificacy in Funiu white goats. This study could provide basic molecular data on the reproductive characteristics of local breeds of Henan province in China, and a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of those two goat breeds.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2012

We have found that the previously uncharacterized bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) is one of the most osteogenic factors. However, it is unclear if BMP9 cross-talks with $TGF{\beta}1$ during osteogenic differentiation. Using the recombinant BMP9 adenovirus, we find that low concentration of rh$TGF{\beta}1$ synergistically induces alkaline phosphatase activity in BMP9-transduced C3H10T1/2 cells and produces more pronounced matrix mineralization. However, higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic activity. Real-time PCR and Western blotting indicate that BMP9 in combination with low dose of $TGF{\beta}1$ potentiates the expression of later osteogenic markers osteopontin, osteocalcin and collagen type 1 (COL1a2), while higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ decrease the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin but not COL1a2. Cell cycle analysis reveals that $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibits C3H10T1/2 proliferation in BMP9-induced osteogenesis and restricts the cells in $G_0/G_1$ phase. Our findings strongly suggest that $TGF{\beta}1$ may exert a biphasic effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the efficiency of osteoblast differentiation media (ODM) containing three distinct reagent combinations in osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in monolayer culture. In addition, we analyzed growth and differentiation of hBMSCs on silk scaffolds and examined the bone-forming activity of a nanofibrous silk scaffold in a tibia diaphysis defect model of a rat hind limb with intramedullary nailing. Although all three ODM increased alkaline phosphatase activity to a comparable extent, the ODM containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was found to be significantly less effective in promoting mineral deposition than the others. Growth of hBMSCs on sponge-form silk scaffolds was faster than on nanofibrous ones, while osteoblastic differentiation was apparent in the cells grown on either type of scaffold. By contrast, bone formation was observed only at the edge of the nanofibrous scaffold implanted in the tibia diaphysis defect, suggesting that use of the silk scaffold alone is not sufficient for the reconstitution of the long bone defect. Since silk scaffolds can support cell growth and differentiation in vitro, loading MSCs on scaffolds might be necessary to improve the bone-forming activity of the scaffold in the long bone defect model.