• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1381-1387
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• 2001

Objective : Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumor is an uncommon malignant germ-cell neoplasm. This tumor was originally described as a germ cell tumor of the ovary or the testis. Intracranial endodermal sinus tumor is extremely rare and usually develop in the pineal or suprasellar regions. The authors evaluated the effect of adjuvant therapy(chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy) and radical removal of intracranial endodermal sinus tumors. Material and Methods : Between 1996 and 2001, four patients of intracranial endodermal sinus tumor were diagnosed with tumor marker(AFP) and biopsy. Three patients were treated with surgical removal and chemotherapy with cisplatin($20mg/m^2$), etoposide($100mg/m^2$) and bleomycin($15mg/m^2$) as well as external beam radiation therapy. We compared the management problems for these tumors. Result : In all three patients the tumor size and the level of tumor marker decresed during initial adjuvant therapy. However, Tumors showed regrowth with elevated AFP of serum and CSF possibly related to delayed chemotherapeutic treatment or inadequate administration of chemotherapeutic drugs due to severe bone marrow suppression. An additional chemotherapy and external radiation therapy were given, but tumors could not be controlled with leptomeningeal seeding. Conclusion : Radiotherapy is considered to be less effective. The combination chemotherapy with PVB(cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycine) or PE(cisplatin, etoposide) is considered to be value in prolongation of the survival rate. But the role of chemotherapy in this tumor has not yet been clarified due to bone marrow suppression and drug resistance. Further study with large series of this tumor is necessary to establish the optimal management.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.358-361
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• 2015

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by fever, splenomegaly, jaundice, and pathologic findings of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow or other tissues such as the lymph nodes and liver. Pleocytosis, or the presence of elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid, could be helpful in diagnosing HLH. However, the pathologic diagnosis of the brain is not included in the diagnostic criteria for this condition. In the present report, we describe the case of a patient diagnosed with HLH, in whom the brain pathology, but not the bone marrow pathology, showed hemophagocytosis. As the diagnosis of HLH is difficult in many cases, a high level of suspicion is required. Moreover, the pathologic diagnosis of organs other than the bone marrow, liver, and lymph nodes may be a useful alternative.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2006

Central nervous system[CNS] involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia may occur. However, CNS involvement as a first manifestation of leukemia is very rare. An 8-year-old girl complained of a backache after playing in the water. Neurological examination detected progressing paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] of the thoracolumbar spine showed a well-circumscribed homogeneous posterior extradural mass lesion extending from T7 to T9. MRI of the brain showed diffused fatty marrow replacement of the calvarium and the skull base. We report a patient with epidural Burkitt's lymphoma of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra causing compression of the spinal cord after pathologic evaluation. The tumor consisted mainly of lymphoblastic cells, which were identical to those originally seen in the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After decompressive laminectomy she began consolidation chemotherapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2013

There has been an increase in the number of reports of atypical manifestations of Graves' disease (GD), such as jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Pancytopenia also rarely occurs in GD. In this paper, a case of pancytopenia with GD that was successfully treated with an anti-thyroid drug is reported. In this case, a 69-year-old woman showed pancytopenia with a normal peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration smear and bone marrow biopsy. Her thyroid function test and thyroid scintigraphy confirmed her hyperthyroid status. Her laboratory abnormality and clinical condition improved after she was treated with an anti-thyroid drug. This is a rare case of pancytopenia associated with GD.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2021

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a self-limiting lymphadenitis. It is a benign disease mainly characterized by high fever, lymph node swelling, and leukopenia. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease with clinical symptoms similar to those of KFD, but it requires a significantly more aggressive treatment. A 19-year-old Korean male patient was hospitalized for fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Variable-sized lymph node enlargements with slightly necrotic lesions were detected on computed tomography. Biopsy specimen from a cervical lymph node showed necrotizing lymphadenitis with HLH. Bone marrow aspiration showed hemophagocytic histiocytosis. The clinical symptoms and the results of the laboratory test and bone marrow aspiration met the diagnostic criteria for HLH. The patient was diagnosed with macrophage activation syndrome-HLH, a secondary HLH associated with KFD. He was treated with dexamethasone (10 mg/m²/day) without immunosuppressive therapy or etoposide-based chemotherapy. The fever disappeared within a day, and other symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion improved. Dexamethasone was reduced from day 2 of hospitalization and was tapered over 8 weeks. The patient was discharged on day 6 with continuation of dexamethasone. The patient had no recurrence at the 18-month follow-up.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1993

Amyloid tumor is a tumorlike localized deposit of amyloid which is encountered occasionally in association with multiple myeloma and various chronic inflammatory diseases. This report describes a case of solitary amyloid tumor of the neck which was the presenting symptom arising in association with multiple myeloma. A 56-year-old woman complained of a palpable neck mass and fine needle aspiration was done. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed on the basis of the bone marrow biopsy and monoclonality of kappa light chain. The histologic and cytologic features of the amyloid appear to be characteristic and may allow a definitive diagnosis to be made on needle aspiration biopsy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1435-1438
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• 2001

A case of nonsecretory multiple myeloma in a 66 year-old-woman is reported. At first, she complained severe neck pain and radiologic finding showed C2 pathologic fracture. She complained severe low back pain 4 month later and L1 compression fracture was found. The lumbar MRI showed a 1.4cm-sized round enhancing lesion in the body of T12. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy at L1 spine showed a few polymorphous and small nests of mononuclear cell. L1 lamina bone biopsy showed many abnormal plasma cells. Pathologic diagnosis was multiple myeloma. However, plasma electrophoresis and protein immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine of patient were normal. So, it is a nonecretory multiple myeloma case and the incidence of nonsecretory multiple myeloma is known to about 1% of all multiple myeloma.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of talar osteochondral lesion by analyzing the histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: Twenty specimens from 20 patients who underwent surgical treatment for talus osteochondral lesions were studied. Preoperative MRI images including T1, T2, and stir images were taken and cases were classified according to modification of the Anderson's classification. There were 5 cases of MRI group 1, 6 cases of group 2, 7 cases of group 3 and 2 cases of group 4. A full thickness osteochondral plug including the osteochondral lesion of the talus was harvested from each patient and reviewed histopathologic changes of osteochondral fragment using H-E staining. Mean diameter of specimens was 8.5 mm and mean depth was 10.3 mm. Pathologic changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone were observed. Subchondral bone was divided into superficial, middle and deep zones according to depth. Cartilage formation, trabecular thickening and marrow fibrosis were observed in each zone. Results: There were detachment of the joint cartilage at the tidemark in 16 cases of 20 cases and the separated cartilages were almost necrotic on the histopathologic findings. Cartilage formation within subchondral bone was discovered beneath the tidemark in 12 cases. Trabeculae were increased and thickened in 17 cases. These pathologic changes were similar to fracture healing process and these findings were more conspicuous near the tidemark and showed transition to normal bone marrow tissue with depth. No correlation between the pathological progression and MRI stages was found. A large cyst shown on MRI's was microscopically turned out to be multiple micro-cysts accompanied by fibrovascular structure and newly formed cartilage tissue. Conclusion: The histopathologic findings of osteochondral lesions are detachment of overlying cartilage at the tidemark and subsequent changes of subchondral bone. Subchondral bone changes are summarized as cartilage formation, marrow fibrosis and trabecular thickening that mean healing process following repeated micro fractures of trabecular. These osteochondral lesions should have differed from osteochondral fractures.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2019

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Most commonly affected organ is the stomach. But, it could affect almost every organ in the whole body. If they have suspicious lesion, excision biopsy could be made. For staging, blood test including blood smear, abdomen and chest tomography or scan will be checked. Also, bone marrow test can be done if it is needed. The patient had visited the clinic for palpable mass on right lower eyelid. With excisional biopsy, it was diagnosed as lymphoid hyperplasia on pathologic test. But 2 years later, the patient came with recurrent symptom for our department with worry. At that time, we recommended excisional soft tissue biopsy under general anesthesia. Unfortunately, it was revealed MALT lymphoma on pathologic finding. It turned out to be stage 3 in Ann Arbor staging system without B symptoms. Hematologic consultation was made and she was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for eight cycles to complete remission. We report a case of MALT lymphoma on subcutaneous tissue at right lower eyelid previously diagnosed as lymphoid hyperplasia.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.528-538
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT)application for sinus bone graft procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patients with less than 5.0 mm of residual bone height in maxillary posterior area were enrolled. For the sinus bone graft procedure, Bio-Oss was grafted in control group and AutoBT powder was grafted in experimental group. Clinical and radiographic examination were done for the comparison of grafted materials in sinus cavity between groups. At 4 months after sinus bone graft procedure, biopsy specimens were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric examination for the evaluation of healing state of bone graft site. RESULTS. In CT evaluation, there was no difference in bone density, bone height and sinus membrane thickness between groups. In microCT analysis, there was no difference in total bone volume, new bone volume, bone mineral density of new bone between groups. There was significant difference trabecular thickness ($0.07{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $0.08{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.006). In histomorphometric analysis, there was no difference in new bone formation, residual graft material, bone marrow space between groups. There was significant difference osteoid thickness ($8.35{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $13.12{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.025). CONCLUSION. AutoBT could be considered a viable alternative to the autogenous bone or other bone graft materials in sinus bone graft procedure.