• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations among bone mineral density(BMD), serum lipid levels, and cognitive function in the elderly with dementia. Methods : We recruited seventy elderly with dementia(men=35, women=35) to participate in the Korean mini mental state examination(K-MMSE). Their T-scores and serum lipid levels were analyzed for correlation analysis. Results : The results of this study showed that there are significant correlations between cognitive function and three factors BMD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level, and total cholesterol(TC) level. The cognitive function scores increased proportionally with BMD but were inversely proportional to LDL-C and TC levels. There were no significant relations among cognitive function, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level, and triglyceride(TG) level. Conclusion : These results indicate that there is a direct proportionality between cognitive function and BMD and inverse proportionalities between cognitive function and LDL-C level and between cognitive function and TC level. Therefore, these levels can be indices for preventing and predicting dementia.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

As technology advances at a rapid rate, innovations in regenerative medicine will eventually include the use of energy-based therapeutics, such as low intensity-pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUs), pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (PMFs), and low-level laser/light therapy (LLLt) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt). Among these treatments, LLLt/PBMt attracted significant attention by the turn of the century, as evidenced by the numerous publications compared to LIPUs and PMFs, particularly for augmented bone regeneration (ABR). This is a testament of how the maturation of technology and scientific knowledge leads to latent compounded applications, even when the value of a technique is reliant on empirical data. This article reviews some of the notable investigations using LLLt/PBMt for bone regeneration published in the past decade, focusing on how this type of therapy has been utilized together with the existing regenerative medicine landscape.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1994

This study was intended to investigate the effects of nutritional, physical and environmental conditions on the bone status of 102 pre and post menopausal women living in Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows : when subjects were classified into two groups by bone status, there were significant differences in age, calcium index, serum estrogen and physical activity between two groups. Average daily calcium intake of subjects was 682.9 (149.2)mg, which is almost same as RDA, but 41.1% of the subjects consumed calcium below RDA. Calcium index(p<0.05), serum estrogen(p<0.001), physical activity(p<0.001) of poor bone group were significantly lower than those of good bone group. Although there was not a significant difference between bone status and other influential factors, such as family type, skip meal, alcohol drinking, smoking and BMI, each has been shown to have an effect, if slight, on the bone status.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2007

Bone is a dynamic organ that bone remodeling occurs throughout life and involves the process in which the bone matrix is broken down through resorption by osteoclasts and then built back again through bone formation by osteoblasts. Usually these two processes balance each other and a stable level of bone mass is maintained. We here discuss transcription factors involved in regulating the osteoblast differentiation pathway. Runx2 is a transcription factor which is essential in skeletal development by regulating osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. Its companion subunit, Cbf${\beta}$ is needed for an early step in osteoblast differentiation pathway. Whereas Osterix(Osx) is a new identified osteoblast-specific transcription factor which is required for the differentiation of preosteoblasts into more mature and functional osteoblasts. We also discuss other transcription factors, Msx1 and 2, Dlx5 and 6, Twist, and Sp3 that affect skeletal patterning and development. Understanding the characteristics of mice in which these transcription factors are inactivated should help define their role in bone physiology and pathology of bone defects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to study the different long term effects of consumption of dietary oil sources with varying omega-6/omega-3 (${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios on bone marrow fatty acid level, ex vivo prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) release, and mineral content of bone in rabbits. MATERIALS/METHODS: For this purpose, weaning and female New Zealand white rabbits were purchased and randomly divided into five groups and offered ad libitum diets containing 70 g/kg of added oil for 100 days. The dietary lipid treatments were formulated to provide the following ratios of ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ fatty acids: 8.68 soy bean oil (SBO control), 21.75 sesame oil (SO), 0.39 fish oil (FO), 0.63 algae oil (DHA), and 0.68 algae oils (DHA/ARA). DHA and ARA are two types of marine microalgae of the genus Crypthecodinium cohnii. RESULTS: The dietary treatments had significant effects on the bone marrow fatty acids of rabbits. Rabbits fed the FO diet, containing the highest ${\omega}-3$ PUFA concentration, and those fed the SBO diet showed the highest ${\omega}-6$ PUFA. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between Ex vivo $PGE_2$ level and the ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ dietary ratio. Significant effects of dietary treatment on femur Ca, P, Mg, and Zn contents were observed in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the current study clearly demonstrated that dietary PUFA, particularly ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ and ARA/EPA ratios are important factors in determining bone marrow fatty acid profile, and this in turn determines the capacity of bone for synthesis of $PGE_2$, thereby reducing bone resorption and improving bone mass during growth.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The cortical bone thickness on the anterior region is important for achieving implant stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-five cadaver heads were used (16 male and 9 female; mean death age, 56.7 years). After the long axis of alveolar process was set up, it was measured in 5 levels starting from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (L1) at intervals of 3 mm. All data was analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA at the .05 significance level. RESULTS. The cortical bone thickness according to measurement levels in both the labial and lingual sides increased from L1 to L5, and the lingual side below L3 was significantly thicker than the labial side on the maxilla and mandible. In particular, the labial cortical bone thickness in the maxilla was the thinnest compared to the other regions. The cancellous bone thickness according to measurement levels increased from L1 to L5 on the maxilla, and on the mandible it was the thinnest at the middle level of the root. CONCLUSION. For implant placement on the anterior region, a careful evaluation and full knowledge on the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bone are necessary, therefore, these results may provide an anatomic guideline to clinicians.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2024

Purpose: Placing dental implants in areas with low bone density or in conditions where bone healing is suppressed is challenging for clinicians. An experiment using a rodent model was performed with the aim of determining the efficacy of host modulation by increasing the systemic level of cholesterol sulfate (CS) using Irosustat in the context of the bone healing process around dental implants. Methods: In 16 ovariectomised female Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 implant fixtures were placed in the tibial bones (1 fixture on each side). At 1 week after surgery, the high-CS group (n=8) received Irosustat-mixed feed, while the control group (n=8) was fed conventionally. Block specimens were obtained at 5 weeks post-surgery for histologic analysis and the data were evaluated statistically (P<0.05). Results: Unlike the high-CS group, half of the specimens in the control group demonstrated severe bone resorption along with a periosteal reaction in the cortex. The mean percentages of bone-to-implant contact (21.5%) and bone density (28.1%) near the implant surface were significantly higher in the high-CS group than in the control group (P<0.05), as was the number of Haversian canals (by 5.3). Conclusions: Host modulation by increasing the CS level may enhance the osseointegration of dental implants placed under conditions of impaired bone healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2011

Purpose: Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has been widely used in the evaluation of regenerated bone tissue but the reliability of micro-CT has not yet been established. This study evaluated the correlation between histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis in performing new bone formation measurement. Methods: Critical-size calvarial defects were created using a 8 mm trephine bur in a total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats, and collagen gel mixed with autogenous rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or autogenous rat BMSCs transduced by adenovirus containing bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) genes was loaded into the defect site. In the control group, collagen gel alone was loaded into the defect. After 2 and 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and calvaria containing defects were harvested. Micro-CT analysis and histomorphometric analysis of each sample were accomplished and the statistical evaluation about the correlation between both analyses was performed. Results: New bone formation of the BMP-2 group was greater than that of the other groups at 2 and 4 weeks in both histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis (P=0.026, P=0.034). Histomorphometric analysis of representative sections showed similar results to histomorphometric analysis with a mean value of 3 sections. Measurement of new bone formation was highly correlated between histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis, especially at the low lower threshold level at 2 weeks (adjusted $r^2=0.907$, P<0.001). New bone formation of the BMP-2 group analyzed by micro-CT tended to decline sharply with an increasing lower threshold level, and it was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: Both histomorphometric analysis and micro-CT analysis were valid methods for measurement of the new bone in rat calvarial defects and the ability to detect the new bone in micro-CT analysis was highly influenced by the threshold level in the BMP-2 group at early stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.154-166
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of isoflavone supplementation on both bone mineral density and hormone variation in premenopausal women who had decreased bone mass, the 24 subjects were divided into two groups: one was the underweight group, consisting of 13 subjects, and the other was the normal weight group consisting of 11 subjects. For each group, we investigated the effects of isoflavone supplementation of 90 mg/day on both bone mineral density and hormone variation during 3 menstrual cycles. Anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, and analyses of blood and urine were assessed from baseline to post-treatment. The results were as follows: The average age of the underweight group was 21.8 years old and that of the normal weight group was 23.2 years old. The comparative results for the two groups at baseline were as follows: Onset of menarche, menstrual cycle, and menstrual length were not significantly different between the groups. Serum protein, total, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn level were not significantly different between the groups. Serum estradiol, SHBG, LH, and FSH level were also not significantly different between the groups. Lumbar spine BMD by T scores of the underweight group was significantly lower than that of the normal weight group. Serum osteocalcin, urinary DPD, and urinary pH were not significantly different between the groups. The comparative results for the two groups at post-treatment were as follows: From baseline to post-treatment, the intake of energy, nutrients and isoflavone in food did not significantly change in either group. Serum protein, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not significantly change in either group. Serum Ca, Cu, and Zn levels were significantly lower in both groups and serum Mg level significantly decreased only in the underweight group. Serum estradiol levels were significantly lower in both groups, but serum SHBG, LH, and FSH levels did not significantly change in either group. Lumbar spine BMD by T score of the underweight group significantly increased to 15%, but that of the normal weight group did not significantly change. Serum osteocalcin of the underweight group significantly increased to 28%, while that of the normal weight group significantly increased to 40%. Urinary DPD of the normal weight group significantly increased to 12%. The results show that the BMD of the underweight group was lower than that of the normal weight group. Therefore, the underweight group had a disadvantage in obtaining maximum bone mineral density. The results also show that isoflavone supplementation during 3 menstrual cycles was effective in increasing the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and affected bone metabolism markers in premenopausal underweight women. Therefore, it can be concluded that sufficient intake of isoflavone could be helpful in preventing decreases in bone mass among premenopausal women, especially underweight women.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2006

Statement of problem: $Periotest^(R)\;and\;Osstell^{TM}$ were known as the most objective and quantitative mobility tests available for evaluating stability of implant in vivo. Although a correlation between PTV widely used and ISQ recently introduced exist, a PTV was corresponded to various ISQ. A correct evaluation of implant stability could be obtained only after one has a thorough understanding of the limitations of devices and factors that affect measurements. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of variables in the values obtained with these two tests. Material and method: A total of 333 implants 134 $Br{\aa}nemark$, 5 Silhouette and 194 ITI implants were investigated. Result: 1. There was a correlation between PTV and ISQ (Spearman correlation =0.39, p<0.0001) 2. The factors that affected ISQ were diameter of implant future, location of implant and implant system (submerged type vs non-submerged type). 3. The factors that affected W were dimeter of implant future, location of implant, and elapsed time after implant placement. 4. There was no significant difference between different surface treatments of RBM, smooth surface and ti-unite on PTY and ISQ. 5. In radiographic finding, no saucerization or bone resorption has been detected in implants with ISQ values that were above the average level of each PTV. These higher values had higher bone densities around the implant fixture. Saucerization was observed in the most impants with ISQ values that were below the average level of each PTV. Conclusion: There was a correlation between ISQ and PTV. However, each measuring methods had factors influencing the measured values. PTV were less sensitive to marginal bone resorption and influenced with the striking point on an implant to the level of bone. With ISQ, the height of implant from bone level to transducer should be considered.