• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 1999

Exfoliation of the primary teeth and eruption of the permanent teeth is a normal and predictable physiologic process. The accurate prediction of tooth development is of major importance in treatment planning for children. Norms that correspond to the child's age and development have been determined by many investigators. However, there are a variety of factors that may hasten, retard, or otherwise affect the normal developmental process. Among the factors that influence tooth eruption is the premature loss of primary teeth. An abscess of a primary molar, followed by bone resorption and early extraction or exfoliation may lead to premature eruprion of the permanent succesor, and a variety of clinical sequelae. I, hereby present the patients who have prematurely erupted permanent successor in Seoul National University Hospital Pediatric Dentistry, and report the clinical and radiologic characteristics, its sequelae, proper managements, and followed up findings.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.371-380
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• 2004

The history of the glasses can say that we began with the development of the typography. Glasses were made for the first time from the skin which they tied. We came to make the rim as the horn tree afterwards or bone. And the snail glasses make the lens as the modification or glass and to put to connect the two to large snail was developed. The rim after he brought lots of style change. The development of the Bridge and eyewear form of the Temple of an entry today began to come out. The development of and various design and material. We reached practical style. development of design concentration new fashion trend lead can make it eyewear company and designer's. A rim of various style through historical development course because we have a present time's rim analysis. We try to try to investigate a method element of the glass design with a final cause form of the design in the viewpoint of the facility.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.418-423
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• 1979

Chest injuries due to blunt trauma often result in severe derangements that lead to death. And we have to diagnose and treat the patients who have blunt chest trauma immediately and appropriately. A clinical analysis was made on 324 cases of chest injury due to blunt trauma experienced at department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University during 8-year period from 1972 to 1979. Of 324 patients of blunt chest injuries, there were 189 cases of rib fracture, 121 of hemothorax or/and pneumothorax, 108 of soft tissue injury of the chest wall only, 41 of lung contusion, 24 of flail chest, 13 of scapular fracture, 7 of diaphragmatic rupture and others. The majority of blunt chest injury patients were traffic accident victims and falls accounted for the next largest group of accidents. Chest injuries were frequently encountered in the age group between 3rd decade and 4th decade [60%] and 238 patients were male comparing to 86 of female [Male: Female = 3:1 ]. In the patients who have the more number of fractured ribs, the more incidence of intrathoracic injury and intraabdominal organ damage were found. The principal associated injuries were head injury on 58 cases, long bone fractures on 37, skull fractures on 12, pelvic fractures on 10, renal injuries on 6 and intraabdominal organ injuries on 5 patients. The principle of early treatment of chest injury due to blunt trauma were rapid reexpansion of the lung by closed thoracotomy which was indicated on 96 cases, but open thoractomy was necessary on 14 cases because massive bleeding, intrapleural hematoma and/or fibrothorax, or diaphragmatic laceration-On 15 cases who were young and have multiple rib fracture with severe dislocation delayed elective open reduction of the fractured ribs with wire was done on the purpose of preserving normal active life. The over all mortality was 2.8% [9 of 324 cases] due to head injury on 3 cases, massive bleeding on 2,wet lung syndrome, acute renal failure on 1 and septicemia on 1 patient.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.427-433
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• 2013

Receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis is accompanied by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in a form of oscillations, which plays essential roles by activating sequentially $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, calcineurin and NFATc1, necessary in the osteoclast differentiation. However, it is not known whether $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization which is evoked in RANKL-independent way induces to differentiate into osteoclasts. In present study, we investigated $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization induced by aluminum fluoride ($AlF_4^-$), a G-protein activator, with or without RANKL and the effects of $AlF_4^-$ on the osteoclastogenesis in primary cultured mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). We show here that $AlF_4^-$ induces intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) oscillations, which is dependent on extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx. Notably, co-stimulation of $AlF_4^-$ with RANKL resulted in enhanced NFATc1 expression and formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells. Additionally, we confirmed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is also activated by $AlF_4^-$. Taken together, these results demonstrate that G-protein would be a novel modulator responsible for $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ oscillations and MAPK activation which lead to enhancement of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.392-400
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• 2010

The electrospinning process was established as a promising method to fabricate nano and micro-textured scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. A BCP-loaded PCL micro-textured scaffold thus can be a viable option. The biocompatibility as well as the mechanical properties of such scaffold materials should be optimized for this purpose. In this study, a composite scaffold of poly ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (PCL)-biphase calcium phosphate (BCP) was successfully fabricated by electrospinning. EDS and XRD data show successful loading of BCP nano particles in the PCL fibers. Morphological characterization of fibers shows that with a higher loaded BCP content the fiber surface was rougher and the diameter was approximately 1 to 7 ${\mu}m$. Tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress reached their highest values in the PCL- 10 wt% BCP composite. When content of nano ceramic particles was low, they were dispersed in the fibers as reinforcements for the polymer matrix. However, at a high content of ceramic particles, the particles tend to agglomerate and lead to decreasing tensile modulus and ultimate stress of the PCL-BCP composite mats. Therefore, the use of nano BCP content for distribution in fiber polymer using BCP for reinforcement is limited. Tensile strain decreased with increasing content of BCP loading. From in vitro study using MG-63 osteoblast cells and L-929 fibroblast like cells, it was confirmed that electrospun PCL-BCP composite mats were biocompatible and that spreading behavior was good. As BCP content increased, the area of cell spreading on the surface of the mats also increased. Cells showed the best adherence on the surface of composite mats at 50 wt% BCP for both L-929 fibroblast-like cells and MG-63 osteoblast cell. PCL- BCP composites are a promising material for application in bone scaffolds.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.25.1-25.5
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• 2019

Background: Brain abscess is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to complications during a neurosurgical procedure, direct cranial trauma, or the presence of local or distal infection. Infection in the oral cavity can also be considered a source of brain abscess. Case presentation: A 45-year-old male patient was transported with brain abscess in the subcortical white matter. Navigation-guided abscess aspiration and drainage was performed in the right mid-frontal lobe, but the symptoms continued to worsen after the procedure. A panoramic radiograph showed alveolar bone resorption around the maxillary molars. The compromised maxillary molars were extracted under local anesthesia, and antibiotics were applied based on findings from bacterial culture. A brain MRI confirmed that the three brain abscesses in the frontal lobe were reduced in size, and the patient's symptoms began to improve after the extractions. Conclusion: This is a rare case report about multiple uncontrolled brain abscesses treated by removal of infection through the extraction of maxillary molars with odontogenic infection. Untreated odontogenic infection can also be considered a cause of brain abscess. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the possibility that untreated odontogenic infection can lead to serious systemic inflammatory diseases such as brain abscess. Through a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment, physicians should be encouraged to consider odontogenic infections as a potential cause of brain abscesses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2003

A dentigerous cyst is an epithelium-lined sac that surrounds the crown of an unerupted tooth or odontoma. And the most common sites of this cyst are the mandibular and maxillary third molar and maxillary cuspid a areas. Clinically, expansion of bone with subsequent facial asymmetry, extreme displacement of teeth, severe root resorption of adjacent teeth and pain are all possible sequelae of this cyst. The standard treatment for a dentigerous cyst is enucleation and extraction of the involved tooth. But in large cysts, this can lead to functional, cosmetic and psychologic consequences to the patients. So recently, more conservative methods are used. We report 5 cases of dentigerous cysts in pediatric patient which were treated by a conservative approach, By this methods, we can preserve teeth and guide eruption of the teeth which are involved in cystic area.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Many countries divide infant formula into special nutrient food and they are in control of thorn very carefully. CODEX prescribes that the components which can be added to infant formula must be exist in the breast milk and the additives must be scientifically proved to be safe. Therefore infant formula manufacturers make efforts to develop infant formula to be similar to human milk based on research of human and bovine milk components. Domestic infant formulas are rich with functional components in comparison with foreign formulas ; such as immunity, anti-allergy, growth factor, developments of brain and digestion organs etc. At this point, progress of bioscience technology and introduction of various new technologies lead micro components in human and bovine milk to be separated and purified. Therefore many functional components are commercialized and infant formula companies use these. Various functional components are added to infant formula ; DHA and arachidonic acid as brain growth components, nucleotide and lactoferrin as immunity increment and oligosaccharides fur digestion. And new infant formula is being developed by using bone growth factor and dehydration components f3r atopy and allergy decrement.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2003

The aim of the study was to determine Pb and Cd accumulation and to assess its trends in relation to age categories in feral pigeons from urban (Seoul) and industrial complex (Ansan) areas. This study shows that Pb and Cd concentrations in bone, kidney, liver, and lung increase with different developmental stages in feral pigeons. Particularly, Pb in the bones and Cd in the kidneys of birds were highly increased from chicks to adults. Mean Pb concentrations in pigeons from Seoul were three times higher in chicks than in eggs and six times greater in adults than in chicks. For Cd concentrations, pigeons in Seoul contained two times higher in chicks than in eggs and seventeen times higher in adults than in chicks. It indicates that Pb and Cd concentrations increase with age, and these are apparent to the results in Seoul than in the Ansan colony.