• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2011

임플란트의 골유착 성공 여부를 확인하기 위해서 방사선학적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용한 프렉탈 분석방법을 사용하여 기능하중 전 후의 임플란트 주변 골밀도를 분석하고 골유착에 실패한 임플란트와 성공한 임플란트 사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 원광대학교 치과병원에서 임플란트 식립 시술을 받은 30명의 환자에서 총 42개의 임플란트를 분석에 사용하였다. 환자는 14명의 남자와 16명의 여자로 구성 되었고 나이는 22세에서 73세 사이였다. 치조골의 trabecular 양상의 형태와 프렉탈 분석은 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용하였다. 총 2장의 치근단, 즉 임플란트 식립 직후와 임플란트 보철물 장착 후 기능 하중이 가해진 뒤 3개월 후의 방사선 사진이 사용되었다. 분석은 Image J(1.40s, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA)를 이용하여 시행하였다, 통계학적 분석방법은 one-way ANOVA(P<.05)를 이용하여 시행하였다. 그리고 Tukey multiple comparison test로 사후검정을 실시하였다. 프렉탈 분석 결과와 임플란트 주변의 골밀도 변화는 통계적으로 유의할만한 상관관계가 있으며 특히 하악에서 이런 결과가 더욱 명백하였다. 또한 두개의 실패한 임플란트의 경우 프렉탈 수치가 각각 1.2865에서 1.1521로, 1.1135에서 1.0478로 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2009

성인들의 생화학적 표식자를 검사해 골밀도에 직접 관여할 수 있는 중요한 유전적 또는 생화학적 인자들을 규명하고 성인들의 골다공증 병태생리에 관련된 정보를 제공하고 골다공증의 위험인자 등과의 관련요인을 분석하였다. 2007년 9월 12일부터 2008년 3월 18일까지 대학병원 건강증진센터에 내원한 남성 568명 여성 430명으로 총 998명 수진자를 대상으로 양 에너지 엑스선 골밀도 측정기를 이용하여 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도를 측정하였다. 골밀도에 직접 관여하는 혈액의 생화학적 표식자는 인, 칼슘, 관절염, 헤모글로빈, 글루코오스, 간 기능검사의 GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP를 측정하여 성인들의 골다공증 병태생리에 관련된 정보를 제공하여, 골다공증의 진단과 치료 및 예방에 생화학적 위험인자를 분석하여 관련요인을 조사하였다. 남성은 대퇴경부 및 척추의 골밀도는 20대에서 가장 높았고, 60대에서 대퇴경부와 척추의 골밀도가 가장 낮았다. 여성은 대퇴경부의 골밀도가 20대에서 가장 높았으나 척추는 40대에서 골밀도가 가장 높았고, 60대에서 대퇴경부와 척추의 골밀도가 가장 낮았다. 여성들 중 폐경 후의 여성들보다 폐경 전의 여성들이 골밀도가 유의하게 높았으며, 남성의 생화학적 표식자 인에서 정상 기준치 이상 군에서 대퇴경부와 척추에서 골밀도가 높았으며 여성은 정상치군일 때가 대퇴경부와 척추에서 골밀도가 높게 나타났다. 나이가 많아짐에 따라 골밀도는 낮아지고 체중이 높아지면 골밀도는 높아졌다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost-effectiveness of four medications for treating and preventing osteoporosis -HRT therapy(conjugated equine estrogen 0.625mg for 25 days and medroxyprogesterone acetate 5mg for 01112 days), Alendronate(10mg and 5mg), Active Vitamin D(Calcitriol), and Calcium. Total costs include the direct medical cost -examination fee, consultation fee, prescription fee, fee for preparing medications, and the price of pharmaceuticals- and the indirect cost of patients such as traffic expenses and time cost. In addition, the costs of monitoring in adverse reactions are added. The effects of four medications are expressed as BMD(Bone Mineral Density) percent change measured by DEXA(Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck site. A mixed model based on meta analysis provides the estimates of effectiveness, which are then appled to the hypothetical cohort consisting of postmenopausal women at the age of 50-59. HRT therapy is the most cost-effective medication at 172,433.64 won (lumbar spine site) and 546,328.28 won (femoral neck site) per BMD percent change for osteoporosis. Alendronate 10mg is more cost-effective than Alendronate 5mg as 345,971.23 won and 378,441.63 won per lumbar BMD percent change at 0.991ｇ/$cm^2$, respectively. Alendronate 10mg is more cost-effective than Alendronate 5mg as 1,329,257.89 won and 1,467,291.23 won per femoral neck BMD percent change at 0.834ｇ/$cm^2$, respectively.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2003

Several factors can affect the formation of bone tissues surrounding implants. One of the factors is electrical stimulation. It is known to change the movement of cells, form and destroy cells, and alter concentration and chemical component of soft tissues and bones. The effect of electrical stimulation on bone formation can vary according to the intensity of electric currents, stimulating time, the method of sending electric currents, and tissues and cells currents are applied to. This study examines how various enviroments affect osteoblasts. (1) effect on osteoblast with varying intensity of currents Osteoblast-like cells were raised on four plates where implants can be placed. A constant current sink (MC3T3-E1) that can adjust the intensity and stimulating time of electric currents was used. The four plates were stimulated with $0{\mu}A$, $10{\mu}A$, $20{\mu}A$, and $40{\mu}A$, respectively. After 24 hours of stimulation, the number and distribution of cells surrounding implants were examined. (2) effect on osteoblast with varying conditions The 3 study was performed with same method. (1) The change of attached cell number 72-hour after application of various currents (2) The change of attached cell number 72-hour after application of various interval (3) The comparison of attached cell number by implant surface texture The following are the results: 1. The distribution and density of cells surrounding implant is highest under the intensity of electric currents of $20{\mu}A$. 2. The number of cells attached implants is highest under the intensity of electric currents of $20{\mu}A$. 3. The number of cells attached implants is highest under continous electric currents 4. The number of cells attached implants is not different by implant surface texture.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

This study was carried out for analyzing pathological and epidemiological factors of osteoporosis and doing pilot test using trial compounds of tuna bone and oriental herbs based on the factors. Osteoporosis is originated from osteoblast, osteoclast, organic and inorganic factors etc. Therefore the pathology of osteoporosis is not simple because the cytokine, growth factors and hormones of the components are various a lot. Taking a view of epidemiological factors of type I osteoporosis, ageㆍmenarcheㆍcholesterolㆍBMI etc. have definite relation to them. So we can approach to aging or consumptive disease in oriental medicine, specifically differential diagnosis of blood depletion with deficiency of qi, deficiency of kidney, deficiency of yin, bony weakness etc. And it should be considered together with rules for maintaining good health or habit concomitantly. Therefore IL1ㆍ6 or TNF αㆍβ are generally used as molecular biological index for osteoblast and osteoclast because the most important index is bone mineral density and strength, but the factors like collagen and noncollagen protein must be accounted as biomarkers. Trial compounds generally showed favorable effects on accompanying subjective symptoms of osteoporosis in the pilot test for menopausal woman. But if she didn't have specific symptoms of osteoporosis there wasn't any specific change. And osteocalcin was increased in case of being under standard level, but wasn't changed in case of normal level. Therefore these trial compounds can be used as a funcdonal diet for type I osteoporotic patients or preventive measures.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1998

Osteoporosis is defined as a pathologic condition in which there occurs no change in the chemical composition of the bone, while bone resorption is abnormally increased. This compares with osteogenesis, which leads to a decrease in the amount of bone. Though many varieties of therapies have been tried, no fully effective method has been found. Korean red ginseng is an important variety of Korean ginsengs and many studies have been performed to investigate its effectiveness. But there has been no report on red ginseng's effects on osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of Korean red ginseng on postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. The study was designed as a double-blind study. Group I consisted of 30 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients who were administered red ginseng extracts and 15 patients who were administered maltose capsules, were included in group II. The following results were obtained after one-year administration to both groups. 1. There were no significant differences in the degree of wedging, number of compression fractures in the vertebral body, trabeculations, and Cobb's angles between the experimental and control groups. 2. Even though bone mineral density increased in the lumbar spine, and decreased in the femur, there was no significant statistical difference. 3. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphates showed no difference between the two groups regardless of treatment. 4. Urine Deoxy-pyridinoline (DPYD) decreased in the red ginseng group while it increased in the maltose group, but statistically there was no significant difference between the two groups. 5. The clinical presentations showed no significant differences using Visual Analog Scale. 6. The specific complications related with the long-term use of red ginseng did not occur in all patients. In conclusion, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical presentations, biochemical, and radiological studies between the red gins eng and maltose groups. No definite effectiveness of red ginseng on patients with osteoporosis was found.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2001

Regeneration of Periodontium with PRP does not only improve regeneration rate and density of bone but have a possibility to estimate faster healing process for soft tissue. And also, synthetic bone and xenogenic bone graft are effective on regeneration of periodontium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic bone ($Biogran^{(R)}$) and xenogenic bone ($BBP^{(R)}$) grafts with the PRP technique on regeneration of periodontium. 52 Generally healthy Pt. who had pocket depth 5mm at any of 6 surfaces of the teeth were in the study at Dept. of Perio. in Dankook Dental Hospital. Open Flap was treated for 18 infra-bony pockets as control group, $Biogran^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 25 infrabony pockets as first test group, and $BBP^{(R)}$ with PRP was inserted for 22 infrabony pockets as 2nd test group. Then evaluation was made after 3 and 6 months 1. 6 months after surgery, each difference of average probing pocket depth was $2.61{\pm}0.23$ for control, $3.40{\pm}0.30$ for 1st test, and $3.45{\pm}0.37$ for 2nd test group. 2. 6 months after surgery, each difference of clinical probing attachment level was $1.39{\pm}0.12$ for control, $2.88{\pm}0,24$ for 1st, and $2.86{\pm}0,27$ for 2nd test group. 3. 6 months after surgery, each difference of Maximal probing attachment level was $1.11{\pm}0.16$ for control, $3.28{\pm}0.30$ for 1st, and $3.27{\pm}0.35$ for 2nd test group. 4. There were significant differences for clinical change of each three group which were between average probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of 3,6 months and minimal and maximal attachment level after 6 months 5. There were significant differences for average probing pocket depth which were only at control group and 2nd test group between 1 and 6months. For clinical attachment level and minimal and maximal proving attachment level, there was a significant difference after 6month of surgery. 6. There was no significant difference between two test groups for average probing depth, clinical attachment level, and minima1 and maximal probing attachment level. As the result, PRP with bone graft is very effective for regeneration of periodontium and there is no difference between xenogenic bone and synthetic bone.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2012

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate trabecular changes in the mandible using fractal analysis and to explain the transient osteopenia related to rapid orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were taken of 26 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Radiographs taken before the surgery and 1 month after surgery were overlapped, and $40{\times}40$ pixel square regions of interest were selected near the mandibular canines and 1st molars. After the image processing procedure, the fractal dimension was calculated using the box-counting method. Results: Fractal dimension after orthognathic surgery decreased in a statistically significant manner (P<0.05). The change in fractal dimension on the canine side had greater statistical significance as compared to that seen on the 1st molar side. Conclusion: This study found that bone density decreases after orthognathic surgery due to transient osteopenia related to the regional acceleratory phenomenon. This result can provide a guide to evaluating orthodontic tooth movement after orthognathic surgery.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.850-855
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• 2006

B광역시에 거주하는 $45{\sim}55$세 중년여성을 대상으로 한 실험군은 총 20명으로 하여 폐경 전 6명을 대조군(A), 7명을 운동군(B), 7명은 운동군+두유군(C)으로 하였으며 골반강화운동를 실시하고 두유는 매일 360 ml를 12주 동안 섭취하였다. 운동 전 후에 측정한 체중, 체지방율, 체질량지수, 골밀도, total estrogen, progesterone 검사 결과, 체지방율, 체질량지수는 대조군이 운동군과 두유섭취군보다 유의하게 증가되었고, Total estrogen의 집단내 변화에서 운동군+두유섭취군이 사후에서 감소가 나타나 개선의 긍정적인 효과라 사료된다. 이상의 연구결과에서 나타났듯이 이소플라본의 체내에서의 생리활성이 알려지면서 이소플라본을 함유한 건강보조식품들과 두유 소비가 꾸준히 증가되고 있는 추세이나, 일상 식사에서 이소플라본 섭취와 체내 이용성의 관련성에 관한 연구는 아직 미비한 실정이다. 그러므로 폐경기의 중년여성들을 위한 맞춤형 골반근육 강화운동 프로그램개발과 두유섭취에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통하여 향후 건강한 삶을 영위하는데 크게 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1253-1259
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• 2001

만성 카드뮴 중독 흰쥐에서의 골조직의 변화와 이에 대한 녹차 catechin의 해독기전을 관찰하고져 하였다. 실험동물은 100g 내외의 sprague-Dawly종 흰쥐를 대상으로 카드뮴을 투여하지 않은 정상군과 카드뮴 투여군으로 나누었다. 카드뮴 투여군은 다시 식이 내 catechin 공급 수준에 따라 Cd-0C 군(catechin 비공급군), Cd-0.25C군(catechin 2.5 g/kg of diet), Cd-0.5C군(catechin 5 g/kg of diet)으로 나누어 10 및 20주간씩 자유섭식시켰다. 카드뮴은 50 ppm C$d^{2+}$ 농도의 식수로 자유로이 공급하였다. 실험동물은 각기간별로 사육후 뼈조직의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하고 20주째 조직학적 변화 및 골밀도를 관찰하여 만성 카드뮴 중독으로 인한 골조직 장애에 미치는 녹차 catechin의 효과를 관찰하였다. 경골과 대퇴골에서의 카드뮴 함량은 10주에서는 catechin 비공급군인 Cd-0C군에 비하여 catechin 공급군에서 감소하였으며 catechin공급수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 20주에는 Cd-0C군에 비하여 Cd-0.25C군과 Cd-0.5C군이 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 경골과 대퇴골 두 뼈조직의 무게변화를 관찰한 결과는 모두 10주, 20주에서 정상군에 비해 카드뮴 투여군 모두가 다소 감소되었으며 실험군간의 유의성은 없었다. 뼈조직의 길이를 관찰한 결과 대퇴골, 경골 모두에서 10주, 20주 모두 카드뮴 투여군에서 감소되었으나 catechin을 투여한 군에서는 길이 감소가 다소 완화되었다. Cd-0C군에서 정상군에 비해 유의성은 없었으나 다소 감소하였다. 경골에서의 골밀도를 관찰한 결과 골밀도는 정상군에 비하여 Cd-0C군은 유의적으로 낮았으나 catechin공급군은 정상군 수준의 골밀도를 관찰하였다. 대퇴골의 골밀도를 측정한 결과 정 상군에 비해 Cd-0C군은 낮았으나 Cd-0.25C군과 Cd-0.5C군은 Cd-0C군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과 정상군에서 보여지는 소견은 카드뮴 투여군에서도 잘 유지되어 있었다. 전자현미경 관찰한 결과 정상군에서 보여지는 소견은 카드뮴 투여군에서 도 잘 유지되어 있었다. 결론적으로 녹차 catechin은 만성 카드뮴 중독 흰쥐에서 경골과 대퇴골에서의 카드뮴 축적을 감소시켰으며 골밀도를 정상화시킴으로서 골조직의 변화를 완화시킴을 알 수 있었다.