• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2008

Alendronate is a bisphosphonate that selectively inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Dosing convenience is an important element for the enhancement of patient compliance and the effective management of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and compliance among alendronate pharmaceutical products (oral once-weekly alendronate 70 mg, daily alendronate 10 mg, and once-weekly alendronate 70 mg with Vitamin $D_3$ 2800 IU) in terms of the change in bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers, and compliance estimates. A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients with osteoporosis who received alendronate 70 mg (Group 1), alendronate 10 mg (Group 2), or alendronate 70 mg with Vitamin D3 2800 IU (Group 3) at the endocrinology department of a hospital in Korea from Jan. 1, 1998 to Mar. 31, 2008. The primary endpoints were the increases in spine antero-posterior BMD T-score and femur trochanter BMD T-score, and the compliance of alendronate products. Secondary endpoints included changes in bone turnover-related biochemical markers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, urinary N-terminal telopeptides (NTX) and osteocalcin, and in serum vitamin $D_3$ concentration. There was no statistical difference in the BMD increase among the three alendronate products; spine BMD T-score increased by $0.49{\pm}0.52$, $0.39{\pm}0.48$ and $0.50{\pm}0.41$, and femur trochanter BMD T-score by $0.29{\pm}0.42$, $0.21{\pm}0.53$ and $0.24{\pm}0.22$ in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. With respect to the increases in femur trochanter BMD T-score and the decreases in NTX and osteocalcin, 70 mg once-weekly group was remarkably superior to 10 mg daily group (p < 0.05) The compliance of 70 mg once-weekly group was significantly higher than that of 10 mg daily treatment group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, all three alendronate treatment groups were equivalent in effectiveness, and the compliance of 70 mg once-weekly group was better than that of 10 mg daily treatment group.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

PURPOSE. On maxillofacial tumor patients, oral implant placement prior to postoperative radiotherapy can shorten the period of prosthetic reconstruction. There is still lack of research on effects of post-implant radiotherapy such as healing process or loading time, which is important for prosthodontic treatment planning. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of post-implant local irradiation on the osseointegration of implants during different healing stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Custom-made implants were placed bilaterally on maxillary posterior edentulous area 4 weeks after extraction of the maxillary first molars in Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental group (exp.) received radiation after implant surgery and the other group (control) didn't. Each group was divided into three sub-groups according to the healing time (2, 4, and 8 week) from implant placement. The exp. group 1, 2 received 15-Gy radiation 1 day after implant placement (immediate irradiation). The exp. group 3 received 15-Gy radiation 4 weeks after implant placement (delayed irradiation). RESULTS. The bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly lower in the immediate irradiation groups. BMD was similar in the delayed irradiation group and the control group. The irradiated groups exhibited a lower bone-to-implant contact ratio, although the difference was not statistically significant. The irradiated groups also exhibited a significantly lower bone volume and higher empty lacuna count than the control groups. No implant failure due to local irradiation was found in this study. CONCLUSION. Within the limits of this study, the timing of local irradiation critically influences the bone healing mechanism, which is related to loading time of prostheses.

• Journal of the Korean Fracture Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.186-191
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological and epidemiological characteristics, as well as the clinical course of pelvic insufficiency fractures in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: At a Haeundae Paik Hospital, we retrospectively reviewed patients with pelvic insufficiency fractures between March 2010 and May 2017. The demographic data of patients were analyzed, and bone mineral density and bone turnover markers were evaluated to estimate the metabolic status of the bone. The radiological characteristics were evaluated by comparing the simple x-ray images with the computed tomography images, and the types of fractures were classified via computed tomography images. For clinical course evaluation, we investigated comorbid complications, and compared the walking ability scale before and 6 months after the fracture. Results: A total of 42 patients were included, with an average age of 76.5 years. All were female except one case. In 5 cases where the initial medical examination was from another institution, the fracture was not found in 3 cases. All cases received conservative treatment. After the diagnosis of pelvic bone fracture using a simple x-ray imaging, additional fractures were found in 81.0% of the study population using a computed tomography. Initiation of gait occurred at an average of 2.8 weeks, and every case except 1 (97.6%) fully recovered their gait ability. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a limitation with diagnosing pelvic insufficiency fracture using only a simple x-ray imaging technique. In general, cases in this study showed conservative treatment yielded favorable clinical outcome with relatively less critical complications.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.311-316
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• 2017

Generally assessing bone mineral density (BMD) were performed on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) the same as dual energy CT (DECT) with a rapid-kVp switching. The purpose of this study is to compare the different of BMD value between DEXA and DECT method, and evaluate usefulness of DECT method. Using scanner for BMD measurements were GE, Healthcare Discovery 750 HD for DECT and Hologic QDR 4500W for DEXA. For compare BMD value in each method, scanned lumbar spine phantom and subjects visiting Korean National Cancer Center from April 2015 to December 2015, records of 50 patients. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The mean BMD value measures for spine phantom and for subjects in each scanners presented strong correlation (r=0.948 with p<0.05 for phantom; r=0.635 with p<0.05 and Kendall's tau $({\tau})=0.46$ with p<0.05 for subjects) and linear relationship between DECT and conventional DEXA. DECT technique for BMD measurement will provide a very useful methodology without additional radiation dose.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between BMD and life habit such as drinking. exercise smoking or physical condition such as age, sex, height, weight, body mass index(BMI). Materials and Methods: I evaluated the BMD of the femoral neck and L2-L4 spines of 321 persons who took a regular health screening in Woosuk university oriental medical hospital from February to April in 2006 by dual energy bone mineral densitometry. Results: The age of persons ranged from 20 years to 75 years(mean $45.10{\pm}11.54$) and there were 160 males and 161 females. In males, BMD of the femoral head was highest at 2nd decade, BMD of the spine was highest at 4th decade, and BMD of both femoral head and lumbar spine was lowest at 6th decade. In fenales, BMD of both femoral head and lumbar spine was highest at 4th decade and lowest at 6th decade. Among the various physical conditions, only height of persons showed significant correlation with BMD in both males and females. BMD was increased according to increasing height. In males, BMD of persons who had habit such as drinking, exercise or smoking did not show significant change statistically. But in females, drinking group showed high BMD relative to non-drinking group in both femoral head and lumbar spine. Conclusion: BMD was different according to age, sex, height and life habit. Especially aged people showed osteoporotic change progressively. More persistent effort is needed to find out the factors decreasing BMD for prevention of problems by osteoporosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2023

Purpose: CT scan makes up for the weak point of the nuclear medicine image having a low resolution and also were used for attenuation correction on image reconstruction. Recently, many studies try to make use of CT images additionally, one of them is to measure the bone mineral density(BMD) using Quantitative CT(QCT) software. BMD exams are performed to scan lumbar and femur with DXA(Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) in order to diagnose bone disease such as osteopenia, osteoporosis. The purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of QCT_BMD analyzed with low dose CT images on L-spine Bone SPECT/CT comparing with DXA_BMD. Materials and Methods: Fifty five women over 50 years old (mean 66.4 ± 9.1) who took the both examinations(L-spine Bone SPECT/CT with SIEMENS Intevo 16 and DXA scan with GE Lunar prodigy advance) within 90 days from April 2017 to July 2022, BMD, T-score and disease classification were analyzed. Three-dimensional BMD was analyzed with low dose CT images acquired on L-spine Bone SPECT/CT scan on Mindways QCT PRO^TM software and two-dimensional BMD was analyzed on DXA scan. Basically, Lumbar 1-4 were analyzed and the patients who has lesion or spine implants on L-spine were excluded for this study. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed in BMD and T-score, chi-square test was performed in disease classification between QCT and DXA. Results: On 55 patients, the minimum of QCT_BMD was 18.10, maximum was 166.50, average was 82.71 ± 31.5 mg/cm³. And the minimum of DXA-BMD was 0.540, maximum was 1.302, average was 0.902 ± 0.201 g/cm², respectively. The result shows a strong statistical correlation between QCT_BMD and DXA_BMD(p<0.001, r=0.76). The minimum of QCT_T-score was -5.7, maximum was -0.1, average was -3.2 ± 1.3 and the minimum of DXA_T-score was -5.0, maximum was 1.7, average was -2.0 ± 1.3, respectively. The result shows a statistical correlation between QCT T-score and DXA T-score (p<0.001, r=0.66). On the disease classification, normal was 5, osteopenia was 25, osteoporosis was 25 in QCT and normal was 10, osteopenia was 25, osteoporosis was 20 in DXA. There was under-estimation of bone decrease relatively on DXA than QCT, but there was no significant differences statistically by chi-square test between QCT and DXA. Conclusion: Through this study, we could identify that the QCT measurement with low dose CT images QCT from L-Spine Bone SPECT/CT was reliable because of a strong statistical correlation between QCT_BMD and DXA_BMD. Bone SPECT/CT scan can provide three-dimensional information also BMD measurement with CT images. In the future, rather than various exams such as CT, BMD, Bone scan are performed, it will be possible to provide multipurpose information via only SPECT/CT scan. In addition, it will be very helpful clinically in the sense that we can provide a diagnosis of potential osteoporosis, especially in middle-aged patients.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.16-38
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this in vivo study is to observe the anti-osteoporotic activities of Gojineumja aqueous extracts (GJEJ) on the ovariectomized (OVX) mice as compared to those of risedronate sodium (RES). Methods: Thirty five days after bilateral OVX, GJEJ was orally administered, for 35 days once a day and then the changes on the body weight and gain during experimental periods, femur weights, bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (failure load), mineral contents - calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (IP), histological profiles and histomorphometrical analyses at sacrifice were conducted with serum biochemistry - osteocalcin contents and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activities. And the results of GJEJ were compared with RES orally administered OVX mice. Results: As a result of OVX, noticeable increase of body weight and gains and serum osteocalcin levels, decrease of serum BALP activities, femur weights, femur Ca and IP contents, BMD and strength were observed as compared to those of sham control mice, respectively. Also, the decrease of all histomorphometrical indices indicating the bone mass and structure, and the increase of indices about resorption were also detected in the femur of OVX control. However, these estrogen-deficient osteoporotic signs were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by 35 days of continuous oral treatment of GJEJ, at dose levels of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. Especially, GJEJ 500 mg/kg showed favorable inhibitory activities against estrogen-deficient osteoporosis symptoms induced by OVX as comparable to those of RES 2.5 mg/kg. Conclusions: The results in this study suggest that oral administrations of GJEJ have clear dose-dependent favorable anti-osteoporotic activities in OVX mice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and related factors according to the distance from the radiation field at different sites. This study was conducted on patients with uterine cervical cancer who received pelvic radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We selected 96 patients with cervical cancer who underwent determination of BMD from November 2002 to December 2006 after pelvic radiotherapy at Kosin University Gospel Hospital. The T-score and Z-score for the first lumbar spine (L1), fourth lumbar spine (L4) and femur neck (F) were analyzed to determine the difference in BMD among the sites by the use of ANOVA and the post-hoc test. The study subjects were evaluated for age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), post-radiotherapy follow-up duration, intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Association between the characteristics of the study subjects and T-score for each site was evaluated by the use of Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average T-score for all ages was -1.94 for the L1, -0.42 for the L4 and -0.53 for the F. The average Z-score for all ages was -1.11 for the L1, -0.40 for the L4 and -0.48 for the F. The T-score and Z-score for the L4 and F were significantly different from the scores for the L1 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the L4 and F. Results for patients younger than 60 years were the same as for all ages. Age and ICR were negatively correlated and body weight and HRT were positively correlated with the T-score for all sites (p<0.05). BMI was positively correlated with the T-score for the L4 and F (p<0.05). Based on the use of multiple regression analysis, age was negatively associated with the T-score for the L1 and F and was positively correlated for the L4 (p<0.05). Body weight was positively associated with the T-score for all sites (p<0.05). ICR was negatively associated with the T-score for the L1 (p<0.05). HRT was positively associated with the T-score for the L4 and F (p<0.05). Conclusion: The T-score and Z-score for the L4 and F were significantly higher than the scores for the L1, a finding in contrast to some previous studies on normal women. It was thought that radiation could partly influence BMD because of a higher T-score and Z-score for sites around the radiotherapy field. We suggest that a further long-term study is necessary to determine the clinical significance of these findings, which will influence the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on BMD in patients with cervical cancer who have received radiotherapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2003

There can be little dissension that the ultimate goal of all physical therapy interventions with the elderly is to restore or maintain the highest level of function possible for the individual. Whenever physical therapists take on this challenge, they assist elders in maintaining their identities as competent adults. Advancing age is associated with profound changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, decreased fat-free mass(particularly muscle), decreased total body water and decreased bone density. Along with these changes in body compositions, and perhaps as a direct result of them, elderly people have lower energy needs, reduced strength and functional capacity and a greatly increased risk for such diseases as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Resistance training is considered a promising intervention for reversing the loss of muscle function and the deterioration of muscle structure that is associated with advanced age. This reversal is thought to result in improvements in functional abilities and health status in the elderly by increasing muscle mass, strength and power and by increasing bone mineral density. In the past couple of decades, many studies have examined the effects of Resistance training on risk factors for age-related diseases or disabilities. We have explored the positive and negative aspects of older adults' participation in resistance training programs. The benefits to older adults are reported to be increased strength, endurance, muscle capacity, and flexibility; more energy; and improved self-image and confidence. The negative aspects include some pain or stiffness and other nonspecific problems. The positive and negative aspects of resistance training are therefore very similar to those in younger populations. Scientific investigations over the past 10 years have demonstrated that resistance training can be safely and successfully implemented in older populations. Even the frail and very sick elderly can benefit and improve their quality of life. Proper design and progression of a resistance training program for older adults is vital to optimal benefits from resistance exercise. The results of data provided by this research on resistance training for health shows that there is enough existing evidence to conclude that resistance training, particularly when incorporated into a comprehensive fitness program, can offer substantial health benefits which can be obtained by persons of all ages. These benefits, including improvements in functional capacity, translate into an improved quality of life.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

This study is to identify the effects of pilates exercise on the body composition, blood biochemical factor, isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function in menopause middle-aged women. In order to carry out this study, Twenty menopause middle-aged women were divided into two groups: pilates exercise group (PEG; n=10) and control group (CG; n=10). PEG group performed pilates exercise for 50 min per day, 2days/week for 12 weeks. As a result, first, there was an interaction effect on body fat mass in body composition. Second, there was no significant result in blood lipid and serotonin, but there was a positive trend. Third, in the isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function, the interaction effect was found in the flexor peak torque of trunk strength. The effect of the 12-week Pilates exercise on body composition, bone density, blood biochemical factor, and isokinetic muscular strength of menopause middle-aged women is partially insignificant, but the overall effect tends to be positive. In conclusion, the Pilates exercise conducted in this study is appropriate for menopause middle-aged women.