• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 1996

가잠 실크 피브로인의 아미노산 조성 중 가장 많은 비율을 차지하고 있는 Glycine에 동위체 라벨링([1-13C]-Gly)을 실시하여 5령 1일째부터 고치를 지을 때까지의 생합성의 상태를 NMR법을 이용하여 추적하였다. 그 결과 5령 5일을 기준으로 가잠 실크의 결정부분을 형성하는 아미노산이 형성은 되나 실크의 결정부분을 형성하는 아미노산이 형성은 되나 실크가 되었을 때 결정성의 고배향 구조를 이루지 못하고 결정성의 저배향 구조를 형성하고마는 형태로 된다고 생각되어 졌다. 이 사실은 배향시료의 고체CP-NMR 스펙트럼의 피크 분리로부터 확인할 수 있었다. 그 결과 수소결합에 관여하는 N-H의 방향이 거의 수직이라고 할 수 있는 83˚의 분자축 부분이 18˚의 고배향 분포를 이루면서 82% 존재하고, 또 나는 N-H의 결합방향이 60˚인 분자축 부분이 18% 존재하면서 62˚의 배향분포를 이룬다고 하는 시뮤레이션의 결과로 설명되어졌다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

누에에서 생체 방어에 관련된 새로운 항 세균성 펩타이드 유전자를 탐색 분리하기 위하여 누에 체강에 비 병원성 세균인 Escherichia coli를 주사하여 면역 반응의 일환으로 발현량이 증가하는 유도 유전자 종류를 조사 하였다. 체강 주사 8시간 후 누에에서 cDNA 유전자 은행을 만들고, 정상 및 유도 누에에서 분리한 각각의 mRNA를 탐침으로 차별화 선별을 하였다. 차별화 선별 결과 정상보다도 유도 누에의 탐침을 사용한 막에서 강도가 높은 클론 32개를 선발하였고, 29개 클론에 대해 전체 또는 부분 염기 서열을 분석하여 DNA 상동성을 조사하였다. DNA 상동성 비교를 통해 생산한 발현 유전자 꼬리표 중에는 비교적 상동 유의성이 인정되어 그 실체를 추정할 수 있는 19개의 클론이 있었다. 특히 곤충의 면역 작용에 직접적으로 관계하는 항세균성 펩타이드 유전자, hemolin 유전자, transferrin 유전자 등 4종의 유전 자원을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder (SWP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a consistent decreases (4.0% and 7.2%, 5.0% and 14.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-200 SWP-400 groups compared with control group, and O2 radical level was significantly decreased about 12% in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (14.4% and 9.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 12.7% and 16.3% in liver microsomes only of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between liver mitochondria could not obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (15.8% and 25.2%, respectively) in mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between Cu, Zn-SOD activities in these group could be not obtained. GSHPx activity was significantly increased in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. These results suggest that silkworm powder may play an effective role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 1999

본 연구는 서로 다른 수명 패턴을 갖고 있는 누에성충 중 두가지 타입을 이용하여 수행되었다. 장명품종(성충 수명이 15일 이상; LLS), 단명 품종(성충 수명이 5일 미만;SLS). 누에성충의 노화 생리를 밝히기 위해 장단명 암수에 있어서의 지방체 미세구조를 비교해 보았다. 단명품종에 있어서는, 암컷에는 조면소포체 및 글리코겐 과립이 세포질내에서 다량 확인된 반면, 수컷에는 활면소포체만이 세포질내에서 발견되었다. 또한 단명품종에 있어서는, 성충 3일째 이후 미토콘드리아의 용적이 비대해지는 경향을 보였으며, 많은 지방구 퇴화가 관찰되었다. 단명품종에 반해 장명품종에서는, 성충 5일째의 암컷은 비교적 정상적인 미토콘드리아와 핵막이 관찰되었다. 성충 15일째에 이르러서야 대부분의 세포막이 사라졌고 미토콘드리아가 비정상적으로 비대해졌다. 장명품종 수컷(성충 10일째)의 세포질내에서 다량의 지방과립이 관찰되었으며, 이 개체는 성충 15일째에 세포내용물이 모두 고갈되어 사망하였다. 따라서, 금후 수명에 관한 조직 연구를 위해서는 조직의 변화상을 관찰하기 용이한 단명품종이 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

Genetic variation in the domestic silkworm strains (Bombyx mori) and phylogenetic relationships between domestic silkworms and wild silkworms (B. mandarina) were investigated by using a portion of mitochondrial CGI gene sequences. Ten geographic strains of B. mori we sequenced were identical in the 410 bp-section of mitochondrial COI gene. This sequence was also identical to the homologous sequence of the four Gen-Bank-registered strains, but one strain of B. mori differed a single nucleotide (0.2%) from others. MtDNA homogeneity in the B. mori strains appears to be resulted from fixation into the mast frequent mtDNA type during the course of breeding for new strains, in which an extensive indoor rearing and removal of unwanted individuals were accompanied. In the comparisons between domestic and wild silkworms, some wild silkworms were closely related to domestic silkworms (0.2%-1.2% of divergence), but the others were not (2.7%-3.7% of sequence divergence). This result was also reflected in the phylogenetic analyses, showing two independent phylogenetic groups: one including all B. mandarina sequences and the other including both B. mandarina and B. mori sequences. Thus, domestic silkworms may have been derived from the ancestor of B. mandarina, which belongs to this group, alto-ough more extensive study will provide better understanding on this issue.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in many cellular signaling pathways, it participates in many physiological processes, such as cell cycle, growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. To investigate the effect of PKC on the silkworm midgut tissue infection of Bombyx mori parvo-like virus (BmPLV), a B. mori atypical protein kinase C (BmaPKC) gene was cloned from larval midgut tissue, expressed in E. coli and purified. Additionally, the BmPLV susceptible silkworm strain and resistant silkworm strain were used to test the effect of the B. mori infection on BmPLV. The result showed that BmaPKC encodes a predicted 586 amino acid protein, which contains a C-terminal kinase domain and an N-terminal regulatory domain. The maximum expression amount of the soluble (His)6-tagged fusion protein was detected after 0.8 mmol/L IPTG was added and cultured at $21^{\circ}C$. The (His) 6-tagged fusion protein revealed about 73 kDa molecular weight which confirmed by western blot and mass spectrography. Furthermore BmaPKC protein were detected at 0-72 h post-infection in BmPLVinfected larval midgut tissue, western blot showed that as time went on, the expression of BmaPKC increased gradually in susceptible strain, the expression quantity on 72 h is 5 times of 0 h. However, in resistant strain, the expression quantity is slightly lower than susceptible strain. But no significant change in resistant strain was observed as time went on. The available data suggest that BmaPKC may involve in the regulation of BmPLV proliferation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

Bombyx shini Park & Sohn, 2002 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), which was listed as an endemic species in South Korea has recently been renamed as the East Asian silk moth Rotunda rotundapex Miyata & Kishida, 1990 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the R. rotundapex to announce genomic characteristics and to clarify its validity with a new name. The 15,294-bp long complete mitogenome comprises a typical set of genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes] and one major noncoding, A + T-rich region, with an arrangement identical to that observed in most lepidopteran mitogenomes. The A/T content of the whole mitogenome was 79.22%; however, it varied among the regions/genes as follows: A + T-rich region, 91.62%; srRNA, 84.67%; lrRNA, 83.01%; tRNAs, 81.43%; and PCGs, 77.46%. Phylogenetic analyses of 35 species in the Bombycoidea superfamily showed the sister relationship between the families Sphingidae and Bombycidae s. str., with the higher nodal support [bootstrap support (BS) = 78%]. The Saturniidae was placed as the sister to the two families, but the nodal support for this relationship was low (BS = 53%). Current R. rotundapex was placed together with previously reported con-species with the highest nodal support, forming a separate clade from Bombyx, validating that B. shini can have a new genus name, Rotunda. However, the Korean R. rotundapex showed a substantial sequence divergence at 5.28% to that originated from an individual of type locality Taiwan in 1,459-bp of COI sequences. Considering such a high sequence divergence an additional study, which includes morphological and DNA barcoding data from further extensive distributional range maybe is needed for further robust taxonomic conclusion.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

Objectives : Bombyx batryticatus L. is the dried larval form of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) infected by Beauveria bassiania (Bals.) Vuill. It is used as a food and medicinal resource to treat asthma, headaches, epilepsy, and convulsions in traditional Korean and Chinese medicines. However, the research of the toxicity about B. batryticatus is not enough yet. Here, we investigate the effects of potential subacute toxicity following the repeated oral administration of B. batryticatus water extract to C57BL/6 mice, at various doses of 0, 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg/day during a two-week period. Methods : The following parameters were examined during the study period: body weight, gross findings, clinical signs, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and mortality. At the end of the treatment period, all the mice were euthanized. Results : No changes were observed in the body weights, gross findings, clinical signs, organ weights, and mortality after two weeks of administration of the B. batryticatus extract. In addition, compared with the normal control group, no noticeable treatment-related changes were observed in the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters in the treated group following treatment with doses of up to 450 mg/kg/day. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we conclude that the treatment of mice with the water extract of B. batryticatus did not cause considerable C57BL/6 toxicity, and therefore, it could be considered safe for further pharmacological studies.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 정서곤충을 이용한 치유프로그램 활동이 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동 43명의 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 치유프로그램에 이용된 정서곤충은 누에나방[Bombyx mori (Linnaeus)]이다. 스트레스의 정도는 타액 ɑ-아밀라아제 검사를 통해 측정하였다. 스트레스 수치를 평가하기 위한 타액 샘플 채취와 곤충 선호도에 대한 설문지는 곤충치유활동에 참여하기 전과 후에 측정되었고, 활동을 모두 마친 후에는 치유프로그램 참여 경험에 대한 만족도 점수를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 곤충치유프로그램 활동은 참여 아동의 타액 ɑ-아밀라아제 수치를 통계적으로 낮추고, 곤충에 대한 선호도를 높여준다는 결과를 확인하였다. 누에를 이용한 치유프로그램 활동에 참가한 아동들의 만족도는 5점 만점에 4.23점이었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

Multiplication and spore production of three microsporidia viz., Nosema bombycis, Nosema sp. 1 and Nosema sp. 2 in fifth instar larval tissues of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in two seasons with distinct temperature regimes were studied. Nosema sp. 2 produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher number of spores in various tissues. Among the tissues, spore production was highest in silk gland, followed by fat body and gut. Spore production was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in season-II (Average temperature $29.4{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$). Maximum spore production was observed 25 days post inoculation (p. i.) in season-I (Average temperature $18.9{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$), whereas in season-II, it was 14 days p. i. In season-I, spore production was low up to 21 days p. i., then increased sharply. In season-II, there was a steady increase in spore production. The results indicate that the microsporidian multiplication is tissue specific and extremely sensitive to temperature at which the host is reared. It also reveals that, silk gland, fat body and gut are the most appropriate tissues for microscopic identification of microsporidia in the larval stage.