• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 1986

Decarburization phenomena have been studied by plasma in stainless steel, plain carbon steel and cast iron. It was also investigated the movement of impurity element P,S in the plasma jet metal pool. The plasma jet was obtained by $Ar\;-\;CO_2$ gas mixture with 5 kVA DC power source. It produced enough temperature to dissociate into activated oxygen atom by reaction of $CO_2{\leftrightarrows}CO+O^+$ and it reacted with ${\underline{C}}$ in metal pool. Decarburization rate was increased about 5 times in comparing with the conventional induction melted metal pool by $CO_2$ gas decarburization. Even under the Ar plasma jet, decarburization was obtained by agitation of metal bath by $Ar^+$ bombardment and dilution phenomena of carbon atom under the very high plasma temperature. But heavy element P and S are not much removed because they are too heavy in mass to be activated by $Ar^+$ion bombardment. Desulphurization was achieved by $Ar\;-\;CO_2$ plasma in plain carbon steel and cast iron by the reaction of $SO_2({\underline{S}}+O^+)$. But dephosphorization could not be obtained by $Ar\;-\;CO_2$ plasma, because gaseous reaction of phosphorous oxide (${\underline{P}}+O^+$) was not existed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2002

In this study mesh-type PECVD system was suggested to minimize the hydrogen concentration. The main structural difference between the triode system and a conventional system is that, a third electrode, a mesh, is inserted between the powered and the ground electrode. We investigated several conditions to compare with conventional PECVD. The main effect of mesh was to minimize the substrate damage by ion bombardment and to enhance the surface reaction to induce hydrogen desorption. It was also found that hydrogen concentration decreased but deposition rate increased as increasing applied bias. Applied DC-bia s enhanced sputtering process. Intense ion bombardment causes the weakly bonded hydrogen or hydrogen-containing species to leave the growing film and increased adatom mobility. Furthermore, addition of hydrogen gas enhance the surface diffusion of adatom.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2011

Two types of glycerolipids [monoacylglycerols (MAG) and cyclitols] were isolated by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography from the methanol extracts of a marine sponge, and analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) in positive-ion mode. FAB mass spectra of these compounds yielded protonated molecules $[M + H]^+$ and abundant sodiated molecules $[M + Na]^+$ from a mixture of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol and NaI. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by FAB-collisional-induced dissociation (CID)-tandem mass spectrometry. We carried out collision-indused dissociation (CID) of these lipids in B/E-linked scan mode. The CID B/E-linked scan of $[M + H]^+$ and $[M + Na]^+$ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic product ions through a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) provided important information for the identification of the acyl chain structure substituted at the glycerol backbone. Some of the product the ions were diagnostic for the presence of a glycerol backbone or acyl chain structure.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

The transgenic plant of Citrus species (Citrus aurantium L.) was constructed with a fatty acid desaturase gene using microprojectile bombardment transformation system. The DNA of a fatty acid desaturase gene, fad7, constructed in pBI121 was coated onto tungsten particles ($1.1{\mu}m$) and introduced into callus cells by bombarding with 1100 psi of helium pressure, 1/4 in of gap distance, 7.0 cm of target distance and 27 in Hg of chamber vacuum. The bombarded cells were selected on the medium containing kanamycin. The selected cells were successfully regenerated into plantlets via somatic embryogenesis on the media containing plant growth regulators. The results of polymerase chain reaction analysis of genomic DNAs from the putative transformants showed that the introduced DNAs of fad7 were present in both the selected callus cells and the regenerated plantlets.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.193-197
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• 2011

The influences of the thickness and microstructure of Fe layer on the electrochemical performances of Fe/Si multilayer thin film anodes were investigated. The Fe/Si multilayer films were prepared by electron beam evaporation, in which Fe layer was deposited with/without simultaneous bombardment of Ar ion. The kinetics of Li insertion/extraction reactions in the early stage are slowed down with increasing the thickness of Fe layer, but such a slowdown seems to be negligible for thin Fe layers less than about $500{\AA}$. When the Fe layer was deposited with ion bombardment, even the $300{\AA}$ thick Fe layer significantly suppress Li diffusion through the Fe layer. This is attributed to the dense microstructure of Fe layer, induced by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). It appears that the Fe/Si multilayer films prepared with IBAD show good cyclability compared to the film deposited without IBAD.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.2032-2034
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• 2000

The performance of ac plasma display panels (PDP) is influenced strongly by the surface glow discharge characteristics on the MgO thin films. This paper deals with the surface slew discharge characteristics and some physical properties of MgO thin films prepared by reactive RF planar unbalanced magnetron sputtering in connection with ac PDP. The samples prepared with the do bias voltage of -10V showed lower discharge voltage and lower erosion rate by ion bombardment than those samples prepared by conventional magnetron sputtering or E-beam evaporation. The main factor that improves the discharge characteristics by bias voltage is considered to be due to the morphology changes or crystal structure of the MgO thin film by ion bombardment during deposition process.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1444-1445
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• 2006

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on TiN-Coated silicon substrates at $700^{\circ}C$ using an ICP-CVD method. Ni catalysts for CNT growth are formed using an RF magnetron sputtering system. Post-treatment using hydrogen ions has been performed in the ICP reactor by varying the treatment period. The characterization using various techniques, such as FESEM, HRTEM, and Raman spectroscopy, show that the physical dimension as well as the crystal quality of CNTs are changed by the post-treatment process. It is also seen that the hydrogen ion-bombardment may change the surface structure of CNTs, which may lead to produce better electron emission properties. The physical reason for all the measured data obtained are discussed to establish the relationship between the structural property and the electron emission characteristic of CNTs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2000

In this study the SrBi$_2$Ta$_2$$O_{9}$ (SBT) thin films were etched by using magnetically enhanced inductively coupled Ar/CHF$_3$plasma as function of CHF$_3$/(Ar+CHF$_3$)gas mixing ratio. Maximum etch rate of SBT thin films was 1650 $\AA$/min and the selectivities of SBT to Pt and photoresist(PR) were 1.35 and 0.94 respectively under CHF$_3$/(Ar+CHF$_3$) of 0.1 For study on etching mechanism of SBT thin film X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analyses and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) mass analysis of etched SBT surfaces were performed. Among the elements of SBT thin film. M(Sr, Bi, Ta)-O bonds are broken by Ar ion bombardment and form SrF and TaF$_2$by chemical reaction with F. SrF and TaF$_2$are removed more easily by Ar ion bombardment. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used for the profile examination of etched SBT film and the cross-sectional SEM profile of etched SBT film under CHF$_3$(Ar+CHF$_3$) of 0.1 was about 85$^{\circ}$X>.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

Surface roughness of deposited or etched film strongly depends on ion bombardment. Relationships between ion bombardment variables and surface roughness are too complicated to model analytically. To overcome this, an empirical neural network model was constructed and applied to a deposition process of silicon nitride (SiN) films. The films were deposited by using a pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system in $SiH_4$-$NH_4$ plasma. Radio frequency source power and duty ratio were varied in the range of 200-800 W and 40-100%. A total of 20 experiments were conducted. A non-invasive ion energy analyzer was used to collect ion energy distribution. The diagnostic variables examined include high (or) low ion energy and high (or low) ion energy flux. Mean surface roughness was measured by using atomic force microscopy. A neural network model relating the diagnostic variables to the surface roughness was constructed and its prediction performance was optimized by using a genetic algorithm. The optimized model yielded an improved performance of about 58% over statistical regression model. The model revealed very interesting features useful for optimization of surface roughness. This includes a reduction in surface roughness either by an increase in ion energy flux at lower ion energy or by an increase in higher ion energy at lower ion energy flux.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.874-880
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• 1997

Various classes of phospholipids were investigated for the structural determination of fatty acyl groups by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS). Phospholipids were desorbed by FAB as molecules chelated with sodium ion (or ions). Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of intact sodium adduct molecular ions ([M+Na]+, [M-H+2Na]+ or [M+Na-2H]-) produced a series of homologous fragment ions via the charge-remote fragmentation along the fatty acid chains. These ions were found useful to locate the double bond positions even for the polyunsaturated fatty acid chains. The regiospecificity of the acyl chain linkages in phosphatidylcholine (PC) could also be determined based on the ratio of relative abundance of the product ions (i.e., [M+Na-85-R2COOH]+ vs [M+Na-85-R1COOH]+) in CID-MS/MS of [M+Na]+. These are generated by the loss of fatty acyl groups at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively, together with the choline group. In all the phospholipid compounds investigated, loss of the fatty acid at the sn-2 position was dominant. The present method was applied to the structural determination of molecular species of phosphatidylglycerols (PG) isolated from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.