• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.49-65
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) on the monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced early state osteoarthritis in rats. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.25 mg) into knee joints of rats. Osteoarthritis rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated=8 group respectively, Control group was taken distilled water and treated group was taken extracts of Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) by orally for 20 days. Body weight was measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after MIA injection. At the end of experiment, gross and histopathological examination on the articular cartilages of the knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) content of articular cartilages were analysed by safranine O staining method. The content of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$ in synovial fluids were analysed by enzyme-inked inmunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. And also cycloxygenase-2(COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP-3), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), calpain immunochistochemical examination on the knee joints were performed. Results: PG content in articular cartilages of the treated group was significantly increased compared with control group. Histopathological osteoarthritic score of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluids, expression of iNOS and calpain in synovial membrane of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. But body weight, $1L-1{\beta}$ content in synovial fluids, expression of iNOS and MMP-3 of the treated group were not significantly changed compared with control group. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we conclude that Gagamsosokmyeong-tang(Jiajianxiaoxuming-tang) has anti-arthritic effects on the MIA induced early stage osteoarthritis in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare effects of denture cleansers and disinfectants on the color. surface hardness, and surface roughness of reinforced acrylic resin using polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane molecules(POSS resin) to those of common resins. According to manufacturer's instructions, 45 specimens were made from three denture resins(Luciton 199, Paladent 20, POSS resin), and polished. Five denture cleansers(distilled water, glutaraldehyde, alkaline hypochlorites, chlorhexidine, alkaline peroxides) in combination with three denture resins were evaluated before and after immersion for 7 days. Color data in $L^*a^*b^*$ system were measured with a colorimeter. Surface hardness data were measured with a microhardness tester. Surface roughness data were measured with a 3-dimensional surface analyzer. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and t-test. The results were as follows : 1. All resins(Luciton 199, Paladent 20, POSS resin) showed significant differences in color after immersion in hypochlorites(p<0.05). 2. POSS resin showed significant differences in color compared with Paladent 20 in all denture cleansers, but no statistically significant differences with Luciton 199(p<0.05). 3. Luciton 199 showed significant differences of surface hardness in chlorhexidine, Paladent 20 showed significant differences in glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine. POSS resin showed a little change of surface in all denture cleanser, but no statistically significant differences(p<0.05). 4. Luciton 199 and Paladent 20 showed significant differences of surface roughness in hypochlorites and glutaraldehyde, and POSS resin showed no statistically significant differences in all denture cleansers(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.570-574
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of dumpling shells with added Pleurotus eryngii powder (PP) (2%, 4%, 6%). The weight after cooking and volume of the dumpling shells increased with the addition of PP. The water absorption of the dumpling shells was not significantly different by the addition of PP. Turbidity after cooking increased and hardness decreased by adding PP. The L value after cooking decreased with the addition of PP, and the b value was highest when the content of PP was 6%. Adhesiveness increased by adding PP and springiness decreased when PP content was above 4%. Chewiness and gumminess decreased by adding the powder. There were no differences among the control, 2%, and 4% samples in cohesiveness values, but cohesiveness significantly decreased with the addition of 6% of powder. Color characteristics showed low values when PP was added at more than 6% according to sensory characteristics tests. No significant differences were found in flavor, taste, smoothness, moisture, or adhesiveness of the dumpling shells after cooking according to additions of PP. Chewiness was higher by adding PP compared to the control, but no significant differences were found by additions of PP.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of uniconazole in ameliorating low and high temperature injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. Fireball and Patio). Plants were given a soil drench of 0, 0.001, 0.01 or $0.1mg{\cdot}pot^{-1}$ uniconazole, and after 14 days, were treated with 12-h day/12-h night cycles at $25/25^{\circ}C$, $2.5/25^{\circ}C$, $25/2.5^{\circ}C$ or $40/40^{\circ}C$ for 4 days in controlled-environment chamber. Number of damaged leaves per plant, reduction of stem elongation, and overall injury were high at $2.5/25^{\circ}C$, but more reduction of leaf elongation, delay of flowering, and abortion of floral bud were observed in plants at $40/40^{\circ}C$. There was difference in degree of injury between cultivars, thus, 'Fireball' was much affected by unfavorable temperature regimes. All concentrations of uniconazole reduced leaf and stem elongation, increased total chlorophyll concentration, delayed flowering, and significantly provided protection against low and high temperature injury in two cultivars. In general, the application of uniconazole did not inhibit flowering delay and floral bud abortion induced by high and low temperature exposure. Our results support the hypothesis that the role of uniconazole is related to defense system against oxidative stress induced by low temperature stress. Further research is required to clarifu the phytoprotective mechanism of this compound agaist high temperature stress.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2020

A new oak mushroom cultivar 'Hwadam' was bred from monokaryotic strains of 'GMLE36062' and 'LE15401'. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of 'Hwadam' on potato dextrose agar was 25℃. The cultivation period of 'Hwadam' lasted for 129 days until the first harvest of the fruiting bodies, including 35 days for spawn run, 84 days for browning, and 10 days for development of fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies of 'Hwadam' had a hemispherical, brighter pileus and thicker stipe than the control cultivar (Sanjo 701ho). The three-cycle yield of 'Hwadam' was 554 g, which was higher than that of control cultivar (405 g). In addition, 'Hwadam' contained 79.4 mg/g of beta-glucan and 0.93 mg GAEs/g of phenolic compounds, which was similar to that of the control cultivar but higher than that of 'L808' and 'Chujae 2ho'.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.284-289
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• 2006

Effects of mulberry fruit extract (MFE) on the levels of serum mineral and serum oxidative stress markers on 31 middle-aged humans (16 males and 15 females) supplemented with MFE for 4 weeks were investigated. Contents of mineral per 100 g MFE were 80.66 (Ca), 12.26 (Mg), 6.26 (Fe), 0.05 (Cu), and 4.04 mg (Zn). Relative scavenging activities of MFE and its cyanidin-3-glucoside on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were 34 and 85%, respectively, using ascorbic acid as standard. Anthropometry measurements, serum mineral (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn)levels, and serum oxidative stress markers were analyzed before and after supplementation of MFE. After supplementation of MFE, no significant differences were observed in anthropometry measurements and levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in males and females, and ferric-reducing ability plasma (FRAP) in males, whereas serum mineral levels (Fe in males, and Fe, Cu, and Zn in females) and serum FRAP levels (both males and females) increased significantly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

Rape plants, especially forage type, are known as one of high S-demanding plants. Their productivity and quality have often limited under S-deficient condition. To investigate the effect of S-deficiency on N uptake and its assimilation, $NO_3^-$ absorption, nitrate reducatse (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in leaf and root tissues as affected by different S-supplied level was determined. $NO_3^-$ uptake was not significant between control and S-deficient treated plants, while significantly depressed in S-deprived plants for the early 8 h. NR activity decreased as S-availability decreased, especially in young and middle leaves, representing more than 35% of decrease in S-deficient and 70% in S-deprived plants when compared with control. In roots, a significant decrease (-29%) in NR was observed only in S-deprived plants. Relatively higher GS activity was found in young leaves for three all treatments. As a whole leaf tissue, S-limited conditions resulted in a reduction of GS activity. In root which showed the lowest activity, a significant decrease (-30%) was observed only in S-deprived plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 2014

In recent years, the growing interest in the health care benefits of sugared-plant fermented enzymes has led to increased consumption. This study investigated the fermentation of sugared-buchu (Leek:sugar, 1:3) by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus AML 0422, Lactobacillus brevis HLJ 59, Lactobacillus helveticus AML0410, Lactobacillus plantarium KCTC 13093) and the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and functionality (e.g., anti-hypertensive activity) of the fermented product. The fermented sugared-buchu showed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1916, at 31.43 mm, and its total polyphenols, total flavonoid content, and DPPH scavenging activity were 160.8-178 mg/ml, 100-108 mg/ml, and 51.4-58.1%, respectively. DPPH scavenging activity was to that of vitamin C (50 ppm). ACE inhibitory activity was 50.4-67%, depending on the strain of lactic acid bacteria, and the control of sugared-buchu activity was higher than 32.6%. These results suggest that sugared-buchu fermented with lactic acid bacteria has strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2006

Metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase (MBL) can hydrolyze all ${\beta}$-lactams except monobactams and frequently coexists with various antibiotic resistance genes such as aminoglycoside resistance, sulfonamide resistance gene, etc. Therefore, the effective antibiotics against infections by these bacteria are markedly limited or can't even be found. We tried to search in-vitro antimicrobial combinations with synergistic effects for a VIM-2 type MBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from clinical specimen. On the selection of antibiotic combinations with synergistic effects, we performed a one disk synergy test, modified Pestel's method, in agar without aztreonam (AZT). The bacteriostatic synergistic effects of this tests were scored as $S_1$ (by susceptibility pattern in agar without antibiotics), $S_2$ (by the change of susceptibility in agar with or without antibiotics) and $S_3$ ($S_1$ + $S_2$) and was classified into weak (1 point), moderate (2 points) and strong (3 points) by $S_3$ score. Subsequently, we carried out the time-killing curve for the antibiotic combinations with the strong synergistic bacteriostatic effect. One VIM-2 type MBL producing P. aeruginosa confirmed by the PCR showed all resistance against all ${\beta}$-lactams except AZT, aminoglycoside and ciprofloxacin. In the one disk synergy test, this isolate showed a strong bacteriostatic synergistic effect for the antibiotic combination of AZT and piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TZP) or AZT and amikacin (AN). On the time-killing curve after six hours of incubation, the colony forming units (CFUs/mL) of this bacteria in the medium broth with both combination antibiotics were decreased to 1/18.7, 1/17.1 of the least CFUs of each single antibiotics. The triple antibiotic combination therapy including AZT, PIP-TZP and AN was shown to be significantly synergistic after 8 hrs of exposure. In a VIM-2 MBL producing P. aeruginosa with susceptibility for AZT, the triple antibiotic combination therapy including AZT, PIP-TZP and AN may be considered as an alternative antibiotics modality against the infection by some MBL type. But the antimicrobial combination therapy for many more MBL producing isolates is essential to know as soon as possible for the selection of effective treatment against the infection by this bacteria.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

To compensate the problems of chemical assay in detoxification of recalcitrant and a practical approach in selection of bioremediation bacteria, a simple and rapid toxicity evaluation system was constructed based on Lumbricus rubellus. Long term-culture and specific equipment are not necessary, and semi-quantitative analysis of toxicity at sub-lethal concentration is possible by measuring of dose-dependent increased yellowish secreted compounds. When the toxicity of endosulfan, its metabolites and structurally related chemicals were measured for 24 h, the results were coincided with previous reports. Toxicity was found in endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin, and dieldrin, respectively. Rapid and economic selection of endosulfan-detoxifying bacteria was possible using our system. Klebsiella pneumoniae KE-1, K. oxytoca KE-8 and Pseudomonas sp. KS-2P, reported endosulfan degrading bacteria, ameliorated the endosulfan toxicity, whereas E. coli, B. subtilis and other bacteria failed to protect the toxicity of endosulfan in L. rubellus. Our results suggest that the constructed system is useful to selection of microorganism as well as toxicity evaluation against toxic recalcitrants.