• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 1996

Municipal sewage sludge produced at the Daegu Dalseo River Municipal Sewage Treatment Station was applied to radish(cv. Altari) to develop as an organic fertilizer. The sludge contained 53.59% of organic matter, 2.89% of nitrogen, and 3.5% of phosphate, so it seems to be enough to use as an organic fertilizer. Although the Cd and Pb contents of the sludge were lower than the official standard levels for the by-product fertilizer, it seems to be needed more researches due to the accumulation of the heavy metals both in soil and plants. Application of the sludge increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable Ca and Mg contents, and CEC. Also application of the sludge tended to increase Cd and Pb contents slightly in soil. Application of the sludge increased N, $P_2O_5$, Cd, and Pb contents in plant and among the heavy metals Cd accumulated more than Pb. Yield of radish increased up to 1.000kg/10a of sludge in addition to the standard chemical fertilization or 3,000kg/10a of the sludge only.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1400-1406
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sea salt coated with coffee oil (SCO). Three-year-old salt was used after drying in an oven at $105^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Product A was composed of 100 g of sea salt and 8 g of coffee oil, product B was 100 g of sea salt and 16 g of coffee oil, and product C was 100 g of sea salt, 8 g of coffee oil, and 0.3 g of shell powder. The moisture content, ash content, color, peroxide value, acid value, and sensory evaluation of sea salt coated with coffee oil were determined monthly during 5 months of storage at room temperature. The contents of moisture and ash of SCO were 2~3% and 81~83%, respectively, but not significantly different during the storage period. Calcium content of product C was higher than that of product A or B. Coffee flavor in all SCO products was retained for 3 months. Hunter L, a, and b color values in SCO decreased with increasing storage period. However, redness and yellowness of product B were higher than those of other products. The peroxide and acid values of products A and C were lower than those of product B during storage period. Sensory evaluation during the storage period showed that quality of product A and C was maintained for 4 months, whereas product B was preserved for 3 months.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

The experiment was carried out to examine the effects of planting date on the growth and marketable yield of bitter gourd grown in rain-shield plastic houses. Bitter gourd cv 'Dragon' seedlings were separately transplanted during the months of June, July and August, 2015. The training method of all plants was made with four lateral vines and pinching the main vine. Lateral length of plants exhibited no significant difference between each planting date. However, bitter gourd planted in June had significantly higher main stem diameter than those treatments planted on August. The application of planting date was found effective in increasing marketable yield and number of fruits. June, as a planting date, had the highest marketable yield (6,439kg/10a), whereas bitter gourd planted in August had the lowest yield (870kg/10a) which were also consistent in terms of the number of fruits. Fruit length and diameter had no significant differences as affected by treatments. Therefore, planting date of bitter gourd in June was effective in increasing yield of fruit in rain-shield plastic house conditions.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2007

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is the causal agent of bacterial pustule of soybean(Glycine max. (L.) Merr), which is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases in Korea. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was applied to detect Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines and to survey on seed contamination in 36 soybean cultivars of Korea. And we have to compare PCR assay with dilution-plating assay of detection and identification. We confirmed detection of pathogen from artificial infected seeds and natural Infected seeds using PCR assay. This assay gave results similar to a seed-wash dilution plating assay and proved more effective than classical methods. Results of survey on seed contamination by X. axonopodis pv. glycines from 36 cultivar seeds showed that the pathogen was detected from Pungsan-namulkong, Mallikong, Taekwangkong, Daemangkong, Ajukkarikong using PCR assay. Therefore, The PCR assay provides a sensitive, rapid tool for the specific detection of X. axonopodis pv. glycines in soybean seeds.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.134-143
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• 2016

We evaluated the antioxidant properties of adzuki beans and the quality characteristics of sediment using various cultivation methods. There were significant differences in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in beans grown using different methods of cultivation (p<0.05). Also, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were significantly different depending on cultivation method (p<0.05). The sediment yield before drying of Chungju-pat, Hongeon, and Arari was 296.64~339.01, 271.36~282.24, and 268.21~292.32%, respectively, and the sediment yield after drying was 71.68~85.41, 77.90~85.19, and 74.15~78.65%, respectively. The L-value of Chungju-pat and Arari sediments revealed a significant difference given different cultivation methods (p<0.05), but Hongeon sediment did not show a significant difference. There was a significant difference in the a- and b-value of adzuki bean sediments cultivated using different methods (p<0.05). The particle size of Chungju-pat, Hongeon, and Arari sediments was 66.21~98.80, 61.62~97.07, and $82.96{\sim}106.71{\mu}m$, respectively, and all were significantly different depending on cultivation method (p<0.05). There were also significant differences in the water absorption index, water solubility index, and swelling power when different cultivation methods were used (p<0.05).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.321-337
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• 2018

The characteristics of 124 Phytolacca americana present areas and 88 surrounding absent areas over the country were investigated and compared from July 2016 to Sept 2017. The Phytolacca americana was confirmed as having been nationally distributed and is usually found in roadsides at an altitude of 380 m (26%), forest edges (24%), forests (19%), sunny spots (60%), dry soils (53%), sandy loams (31%) and sand+gravel soils (22%). 321 taxons consisting of 79 families, 209 genera, 289 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties and 4 cultivars and 286 taxons consisting of 76 families, 195 genera, 256 species, 2 subspecies, 24 varieties and 4 cultivars were found in the Phytolacca americana present areas and the absent areas, respectively. The relative net contribution degree was found highest in the Phytolacca americana (100) followed by Robinia pseudoacacia (29.4), Humulus japonicus (8.8) and Artemisia princeps (6.0) in the present areas, while it was found highest in Robinia pseudoacacia (100) followed by Humulus japonicus (44.4), Artemisia princeps (35.9), Pueraria lobata (18.6) and Setaria viridis (12.3) in the absent areas. The Raunkier's life form in the present/absent areas was found highest in the therophytes (34%/34%), followed by hemicryptophytes (17%/18%), megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes (18%/17%), nanophanerophytes (11%/11%) and geophytes (9%/11%). There was no significant difference in the species diversity between the present (2.141) and the absent (2.124) areas. However, the allelopathic agent and light blocked-out by the Phytolacca americana could possibly inhibit germination and the development of other species; especially, where a difference in species diversity was found high in forests, compared to other habitats (p=0.0605). Accordingly, it is suggested to review possible disturbances of native species habitats in shady spots including forest gaps, although the effect of Phytolacca americana on the ecological system in the suburban open and disturbed areas is not large.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1984

This research was carried out to study the seed dormancy of radishes which were used for summer vegetation. The differences of dormancy of cultivars, maternal effects, the effect of full day length to mother plants, and the effects of chemical treatments for breaking the seed dormancy were considered for this study. These results sere summarized as follows; 1. The germination percentage of 7 cultlvars sown just after harvest were as follows;SP70-:0, PS11-:37.5, GJ75-:75.5, JD127-:77.5, YH85-:81.0, M55-:96.5, and JC73-:98.0%. 2. The dormany of $F_1$ seed of radish was severe when SP70-was used for mother plant. 3. Germination behavior was different by the maturity of plants grown for seed production. The dormancy of seed harvested from immature field-grown plants sown Nov. 10 was deeper than mature plants sown Mar. 22. 4. The germination ratio of tire seed of SP70-radish was increased by treatment of full day length to tire mother plant during full period of growing or since first flowering stage, while that was 0% by treatment since yellow ripening stage. 5. GA 200 ppm+thiourea 0.2% treatment was most effective for breaking of radish seed dormancy.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2004

We present the double resonance optical pumping(DROP) spectra in the transition 5P$_{3}$2/-4D$_{3}$2/ and 5P$_{3}$2/-4D$_{5}$ 2/ of ($^{87}$ Rb) and the frequency stabilization in the $1.5mutextrm{m}$ region using those spectra. Those spectra have high signal-to-noise ratio and narrow spectral linewidth, which is about 10 MHz. We could account fur the relative intensities of the hyperfine states of those spectra by the spontaneous emission into the other state. When the frequency of the $1.5mutextrm{m}$ laser diode was stabilized to the DROP spectrum, the frequency fluctuation was about 0.2 MHz fDr sampling time of 0.1 s and the Allan deviation(or the square root of the Allan variance) was about 1${\times}$10$^{-11}$ for averaging time of l00s.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per $m^2$) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ and 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per $m^2$) and with the topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$), and with topping at the 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

Generally, peanuts are classified as high-fat foods as they possess high proportions of fatty acids. This study compared lipid constituents and properties between normal and high-oleic peanuts. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) analyses revealed that the fatty acid levels were significantly different between the normal and higholeic peanuts (p<0.05). Eight fatty acids were identified in the samples, including palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, n9), linoleic (C18:2, n6), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, n9), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids. Four tocopherol homologs were detected, and ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols were the predominant ones. Tocopherols were rapidly decomposed during 25 day storage at $80^{\circ}C$. The main identified phytosterols were beta-sitosterol, ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. Acid and peroxide values indicated that high-oleic peanuts have better oxidative stability than normal peanuts. These results can serve as the basis for the use of peanuts in the food industry.