• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.1 s.91
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• pp.12-21
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• 2006

This study analyzed the characteristics of single-harvested pepper flakes and investigated the effects of the addition of red and green pepper flakes on the quality of various dressings. Moisture contents of red and green pepper flakes were $14.57{\pm}0.13%\;and\;11.86{\pm}0.12%$, capsaicinoids contents on a dry-weight basis were $207.91{\pm}6.68\;mg/100\;g\;and\;172.32{\pm}5.94\;mg/100\;g$, and total free sugars were $21.63{\pm}1.81%\;and\;12.49{\pm}0.56%$, respectively. ASTA color of red pepper flakes was $150.93{\pm}4.56$. Viable cell numbers of red and green pepper flakes were $3.9X10^4\;CFU/g\;and\;5.2X10^5\;CFU/g$, respectively. The pH values in French dressing and Italian dressing, with added red and green pepper flakes, were slightly increased, but not in American Caesar dressing. Acidity and viscosity weren't statistically different in the 3 kinds of dressings by the addition of red and green pepper flakes. The color difference $({\Delta}E^*_{ab})$ for the storage periods was calculated in each dressing and that of American Caesar dressing with added red pepper flakes was extremely high. Viable cell number in each dressing was maintained at 2 log CFU/g during the storage periods. The sensory characteristics during the storage periods were assessed by members of a trained panel, and showed that the color and pungency of red and green flakes increased the overall preference in the Italian dressing and American Caesar dressing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.740-747
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• 2014

Background Autologous fat graft has become a useful technique for correction of acquired contour deformity in reconstructed breasts. However, there remains controversial regarding the efficacy and safety of the practice for reconstructive breast surgery. Methods A retrospective review was performed on 102 patients who had secondary fat grafting after breast reconstruction. Fat harvest, refinement and injection were done by Coleman's technique. All patients were followed up postoperatively within 1 month and after 6 months including physical examination and ultrasonography. In 38 patients, the reabsorption rate was calculated by serial changes of thickness between skin and pectoral fascia in the ultrasonic finding. Locoregional recurrence rate was compared with control group of 449 patients who had breast reconstruction without fat graft in the same time period. Results Average 49.3 mL fat was injected into each breast. The most common location of fat graft was upper pole, followed by axilla, lower and medial breasts. During 28.7 months of average follow-up period, 2.9% of total patients had symptoms of palpable mass on fat graft side and ultrasonography identified fat necrosis and cyst formation in 17.6% of the patients. Calculated fat reabsorption rate was 32.9%. Locoregional recurrence was occurred in 1 patient (0.9%) and the rate was not different significantly with control group (2%). Conclusions Although further studies are required to provide surgeons with definitive guidelines for the implementation of fat grafting, we propose autologous fat graft is an efficient and safe technique for secondary breast reconstruction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.227-246
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• 2017

Purpose: This study proposes a Shiny-Sigma Methods that combines the advantages of Six Sigma method and Shainin method in order to solve field defect. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. Methods: This study proposed Shiny-Sigma by combining Six Sigma has the logical advantage of the problem solving road map and Shiny has the merits of finding the root problem from the defective phenomenon. The Six Sigma method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to solve if the number of data is small, but the Shiny method has the advantage of finding the root cause with a small number of data. Results: As a result of applying Shiny-Sigma method to the field, it has advantages of solving the problem easily and quickly than the existing Six Sigma method. It does not require a lot of statistical knowledge, which helps field workers to use it. Based on these successes L Co. company has obtained the effect of improving the production quality by applying the Shiny-Sigma method. Conclusion: The Shiny-Sigma method proved to be suitable for the production site as a result of field application. It is suitable for field workers with low statistical knowledge and is suitable for field where data is difficult to obtain. This method is not a method to solve all the problems because there are problems that can be solved according to the field problems. We hope that this method will spread to many industrial sites and this method will have a great effect on the improvement of field production quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 1999

Objectives:eurotoxicity is mediated by nitric oxide(NO) in the rat primary neuronal cultures and assess the effect of $Mn^{2+}$ on the N-methyl-D aspartate(NMDA) receptors. Methods: We have used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay to examine the effect of cytotoxicity of $MnCl_2$ in neuronal cells , NO production was determined by measuring nirites, a stable oxidation product of NO. The neurons in the rat that contains neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) were examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The effects of $Mn^{2+}$ on the NMDA receptors was assesed by the whole cell voltage clamp technique. Results: We showed that the NO release and NOS expression was increased with 500uM $MnCl_2$ treatment and an NOS inhibitors, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$, prevented neurotoxicity elicited by manganese. In the electrophysiological study, $Mn^{2+}$ does not block or activate the NMDA receptors and not pass through the NMDA receptors in a neurons of basal ganglia. Conclusions: It is concluded that manganese neurotoxicity in basal ganglia was partially mediated by nitric oxide in the cell culture model.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of chemical amendments on reducing bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in soil along with ecotoxicological effect on earthworms, Eisenia fetida. Three different chemical amendments, lime (L), steel slag (SS), and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), were applied with varied application ratio (1, 3, 5%). Heavy metal contaminated soil was mixed with chemical amedments and earthworms, Eisenia fetida, were cultivated for 28 days. Bioavailable fraction of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) extracted with 0.1N HCl was monitored and also, mortality, growth, and metal concentration in earthworm were assessed. Result showed that all three amendments had high efficiency to reduce bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in soil. In particular, lime showed the highest reduction rate of Cu (63.9-87.7%), Pb (7.90-24.65%), and Zn (40.83-77.60%) among three amendments. No mortality of earthworm was observed during experimental period except 3% and 5% AMDS treatment indicating that application of chemical amendments is safe in terms of ecotoxicological aspect. However, no positive correlation was observed between reduction of bioavaialble fraction of heavy metals in soil and earthworms. Overall, application of chemical amendments in agricultural field can be adapted for reducing bioavailable fraction of heavy metals and detoxification in soil.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

To increase utilities as functional materials, 173 strains of silkworm genetic resources in the form of silkworm powder were evaluated for antioxidative capacity, with minilum L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water soluble substance). Silkworm powder was prepared with freezing method from silkworms at 5th instar 3rd day larvae. All strains of silkworm powder were prepared with 80% methanol extraction. The data of pupation rate, longevity of silkmoth with origin and voltinism were used for data base of silkworm genetic resources. The weight of a silkworm larva with freezing method at 5th instar 3rd day was measured. The average of antioxidative capacity of 173 silkworm strains was 429.68 nmol. The analysis of correlation among variables was significant, showing negative correlation of the antioxidative capacity with longevity of silk moth and weight of 5th instar silkworm larva. The strains from the tropic, Europe and some other origins were comparatively high. In conclusion, short longevity and low weight of 5th instar silkworm larvae showed comparatively effective antioxidative capacity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2018

This study was to evaluate the effect of organic amendments incorporation on soil properties and plant growth under two different soil salinity levels and various cultivated crops at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for three years from 2012 to 2014. The soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam. Four different crops, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora), sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor-Sorghum sudanense), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were cultivated at low (< $1dS\;m^{-1}$) and high (> $4dS\;m^{-1}$) soil salinity levels. The soil salinity was significantly lowered at the rice cultivation site compared to continuous upland crops cultivation site in high soil salinity level. But the soil salinity was increased as cultivating sesbania coutinuously in low soil salinity level. The soil organic matter content was increased with the incorporation of straw at the continuous site of rice and barley, and the average of soil organic matter was increased by $0.9g\;kg^{-1}$ per year which was effective in soil aggregate formation. The highest biomass yield plot was found in barley (high salinity level) and sesbania (low salinity level) cultivation site, respectively. Our research indicates that rice cultivation in paddy field with high salinity level was effective in lowering soil salinity and sesbania cultivation was useful to biomass production at upland with low salinity. In conclusion, soil salinity and organic matter content should be considered for multiple land use in newly reclaimed tidal land.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1984

Twenty two cultures of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from cultured eels(Anguilla japonica) from Asan Hatchery. The bateria were characterized by their biochemical properties, serological relationships, infectivity to gold fish and susceptibility to various antimicrobial compounds. Fourteen of 22(64%) cultures were identified as Edwardsiella tarda, five (23%) as Aeromonas hydrophila and three (14%) as Vibro anguillarum. Edwardisiella tardo isolates proved to be the main cause of the disease in cultured eels. They were serologically homogeneous and their virulency to gold fish was higher than any of the other groups of bacteria tested. The virulence of 3 isolates were low in gold fish exposed to the bacteria by the waterborn route. Ten strains were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial compounds and were resistant to from one to six drugs: in particular, tetracycline derivatives and sulfisoxazole.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 1995

To investigate the alterations in the ultrastructure of leaves by acid rain, 10mm of SAR(Simulated Acid Rain, pH 2.0, 2.7, 3.0, 6.0) was applied to three crops(red-pepper, perilla, eggplant) at a two-day interval. The symptoms of leaf damage by SAR were observed by naked eyes and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), and the peroxidase activity in the leaves was measured. The results are summarized as follows : The severity of SAR damages to the crops observed by naked eye were in the decreasing order of red-pepper, perilla, and eggplant. The Symptoms were characterized by brown or white spots on the leaf surface. In the SAR treatment of pH 3.0, trichomes of all crops except for eggplant were damaged. By the SAR treatment of pH 2.7, stomata were damaged in all crops. With one time treatment of SAR, the peroxidase activity of perilla was rapidly increased.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2002

This study was conducted to assess need for education on the infection control by examining the knowledge on infection control in home care of the home care trainees who had completed an infection control course. Using 64 items questionnaire. home care trainees of eight home care education institutions who took classes related with infection control. The level of knowledge evaluated subjectively was 4.24point (full mark: 5 point). The correct answer rates for handwashing and gloving. cleaning patients' rooms. preventing sharp injury, preventing exposure to potential infectious agents, home care bag technique were 84.5% 86.4% 70.7% 65.3% 76.2% representatively. For the knowledge on the infection control principles to prevent catheter related infection, indwelling catheter related infection, tracheal tube related pneumonia. L-tube related infection, oxygen therapy related infection. and wound infection were 62.8% 27.8% 39.1% 87.8% 76.5% 80.5% representatively. The correct answer rates varied depending upon the educational institutes (p< = .0001), educational levels (p= .001), workplaces (p<.0001), and the experience of infection control education (p= .001). Considering these results. a standardized curriculum must be developed and implemented after analyzing the existing infection control curricula of the home care education institutes. and guide books for infection control in home care should be developed and distributed. In addition. continuous infection control education be provided to the home care nurses through reeducation so they can acquire new knowledge needed for carrying out infection control activities effectively.