• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1974

The importance of light and stress as factors in growth has not previously been clearly delineated. As the result of using experimental environments on growth rate of incisors in 24 young rats with body weight ranging 58 Gm to 62 Gm., the author obtained following conclusions. 1) The eruption rate of normal rats incisors was 0.421mm in upper incisors and 0.592mm in lower incisors per a day respectively. 2) In light environment, growth rate of incisors in rats and body weights were found to increase more rapidly during the 8-week experimental period in comparison with any environments. 3) In stress environment, growth rate of incisors in rats and body weight were found to decrease in comparison with amy environments during the 8-week experimental period.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks. Methods: According to the hatching age and initial weight, a total of 150 1-day-old male SM3 Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to two diet forms (pellet vs powder form). Each treatment had with 5 replicates per treatment and 15 meat ducks per replicate. The study lasted 42 d, which was divided into two periods (1 to 21 vs 22 to 42 d). Results: Our results showed that compared with powder group, ducks in pellet group had greater growth performance during different period (p<0.05). The inflection point was 24 d and was not numerically affected by diet forms. Increasing age (42 vs 21 d) significantly increased the weight of body fat and hepatic fat metabolism related enzyme activities in ducks (p<0.05), meanwhile, increasing age (42 vs 21 d) improved serum metabolism indicators and decreased mRNA expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in liver (p<0.05). Ducks fed different diets (pellet vs powder form) increased growth performance as well as the weight of body fat and improved serum metabolism indicators (p<0.05). In addition, interactions were found between age and diet forms on the levels of serum metabolism indicators in ducks (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, powder feed reduced growth performance of ducks, and the day of inflection point was 24 days old. Ducks with higher age or fed with pellet diet showed higher fat deposition. The effect of age and feed forms on body fat deposition might result from changes in the contents of serum metabolism indicators, key enzyme activity of lipid production, and hepatic gene expressions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine in children's growth. Methods 51 children from the age of 5 to 16 were participated in this study (27 of boys and 24 of girls). The participants were from the department of the pediatrics in Daegu hanny university oriental medical hospital. They were measured their body composition and their bone age, the height percentile of their first and the last visit. Then, those were compared by the Korean Association of Pediatrics' Growth Statistics Curve. Results 1. Generally, total children's average height and weight were significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. The differences between their height and the general populations' average height, their weight and general populations' average weight were significantly decreased after the treatment. 2. Total children's average soft lean mass, body fat mass, BMI were also significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. 3. The mean height percentiles of the children has increased by 1.47 percentile. The mean weight percentiles of the children decreased 1.08 percentile. 4. The height percentiles were increased in every group except the group of boys younger than 9 and older than 12 year old. Other than the group of boys younger than 9-year-old and the group of 10-11-year-old boys, every group showed decreasing weight percentile. Conclusions The herbal medical treatment helped children with growth retardation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the herbal medicine in children's growth. Methods: 67 of the children in the age from 3 to 16 were participated in this study(31 of boys and 36 of girls). Department of the pediatrics, $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ university oriental medical hospital, and the participants were measured their body composition and their bone age, the height percentile of the first and the last visit were measured, and those were compared by the Korean Association of Pediatrics' Growth Statistics Curve. Results: 1. Generally, total children's average height and weight were significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. The comparison between the height and the average height, the weight and the average weight were significantly decreased after the herbal medical treatment. 2. Total children's average soft lean mass, body fat mass, BMI, basal metabolic rate, abdominal circumference and hip circumference were also significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. 3. The mean height percentile of the children showed 0.88 percentile upwardly. The mean weight percentile of children showed 1.84 percentile upwardly. 4. The height percentile was increased in the group of boys younger than 13, and a group of girls older than 12 year old. Other than a group of boys older than 14, every group showed increasing weight percentile. Conclusions: The herbal medical treatment helped children with growth retardation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.764-771
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• 2012

Direct and maternal genetic heritabilities and their correlations with body weight at 5 stages in the life span of purebred Berkshire pigs, from birth to harvest, were estimated to scrutinize body weight development with the records for 5,088 purebred Berkshire pigs in a Korean farm, using the REML based on an animal model. Body weights were measured at birth (Birth), at weaning (Weaning: mean 22.9 d), at the beginning of a performance test (On: mean 72.7 d), at the end of a performance test (Off: mean 152.4 d), and at harvest (Finish: mean 174.3 d). Ordinary polynomials and Legendre with order 1, 2, and 3 were adopted to adjust body weight with age in the multivariate animal models. Legendre with order 3 fitted best concerning prediction error deviation (PED) and yielded the lowest AIC for multivariate analysis of longitudinal body weights. Direct genetic correlations between body weight at Birth and body weight at Weaning, On, Off, and Finish were 0.48, 0.36, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively. The estimated maternal genetic correlations of body weight at Finish with body weight at Birth, Weaning, On, and Off were 0.39, 0.49, 0.65, and 0.90, respectively. Direct genetic heritabilities progressively increased from birth to harvest and were 0.09, 0.11, 0.20, 0.31, and 0.43 for body weight at Birth, Weaning, On, Off, and Finish, respectively. Maternal genetic heritabilities generally decreased and were 0.26, 0.34, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.10 for body weight at Birth, Weaning, On, Off, and Finish, respectively. As pigs age, maternal genetic effects on growth are reduced and pigs begin to rely more on the expression of their own genes. Although maternal genetic effects on body weight may not be large, they are sustained through life.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.774-778
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• 1998

The effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on circulating insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, was assessed after injected of recombinant human IGF-I (6 $\mu$g/100 g body weight). Growth and metabolic status of each fish were assessed by determing body length and body weight changes, and serum glucose concentration. Serum IGF binding proteins concentrations were assessed by the Western ligand blot procedure using $^{125}I$-labeled human IGF-I tracer. The fish received IGF-I were Heavier than the saline-injected control fish after 2 weeks of treatment. Plasma IGFBP-3 concentration inclosed, but plasma IGFBP-1 and glucose levels decreased significantly after administration. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that human IGF-I is biologically active in Korean rockfish and may be of significance in metabolic and growth-related processes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

To understand the effect of prenatal stress on sex-specific changes in embryonic and placental growth, a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) (Dex1) or 10 mg/kg BW (Dex10) to pregnant ICR mice at the gestational days 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 post coitum (p.c.). Embryos and placentas were then harvested at days 11.5 and 18.5 p.c., and their body weight and size were measured following the determination of sex through PCR using Sry specific primers in tail tissues. As a result, female embryos presented reduced fetal body weight and size in Dex1- and Dex10-treated groups than those of control group at the embryonic day 11.5 p.c. Interestingly, the growth seems to be recovered at day 18.5 as there was no difference in growth between control and dexamethasone treated groups. In the case of males, Dex1 induced a decrease in fetal weight in day 11.5 and this pattern was maintained until day 18.5, whereas their growth was not affected by Dex10 treatment. Placental growth showed similar patterns to fetal growth in both sexes but the extent of reduction was not statistically significant in most cases. Placental weights in Dex1- and Dex10-treated group were decreased significantly in male only. The results imply that the effect of prenatal stress is largely sex dependent due to different strategies for growth and survival in a stressful environment.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2021

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of graded levels of dietary chromium and leucine, and different fat sources on performance and body composition of broiler chickens. The results showed that chromium picolinate at 0.5 ppm significantly (p<0.05) lowered the carcass fat level. Gut weight and carcass water content were increased as a result of chromium treatment. Body weight, plucked weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat pad weight, breast yield and feed efficiency were unaffected by chromium treatment. Leucine did not interact with chromium to effect lean growth. Dietary leucine above the recommended maintenance level (1.2% of diet) markedly (p<0.001) reduced the breast muscle yield. The addition of fish oil to broiler diets reduced (p<0.05) the abdominal fat pad weights compared to birds on linseed diets. Fish oil is believed to improve lean growth through the effects of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lowering the very low-density lipoprotein levels and triglyceride in the blood, in the meantime increasing glucose uptake into the muscle tissue in blood and by minimizing the negative impact of the immune system on protein breakdown. The amount of fat in the diet (2% or 4%) did not affect body composition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.645-653
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• 2018

Twenty-five sows and 265 piglets (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary energy level on the pre-weaning and post-weaning performance of piglets and first parity sows. Sows with an average initial B.W. of $217.54{\pm}25.47kg$ were randomly assigned to 2 treatments. The treatments consisted of a T1 diet containing 3,100 kcal, and the T2 diet contained 3400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg, respectively. Data were analyzed using Duncan statements to test the effect of the dietary energy levels on growth performance in lactating sows and piglets. In this study, Dietary T2 sows had a greater number of weaned piglets per litter (p < 0.05). Dietary T2 had a higher (p < 0.05) body weight than that of T1 in the weanlings, meanwhile it had a higher total average daily gain (p < 0.05) than that of T1. Dietary T1 had a higher average feed intake than that of T2 in gestation and lactation. There were no significant differences on the litter size or litter birth weight. No differences (p > 0.05) were noted in the survival of the piglets as well as in the backfat thickness and body weight loss in sows. In conclusion, these results show that high-energy diets had no effect on the body weight and backfat thickness of sows during gestation and lactation but influenced the body weight and average daily gain of weanling pigs during the lactation period.