• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to establish an effective system for embryo transfer of techniques by analyzing several factors affecting the gestation length and the weight changes of calves produced from embryo transfer in Korean cattle. The results obtained in study on factors affecting the gestation length and the weight changes of calves produced from embryo transfer were as fallow; 1) The gestation length and the birth weight did not differ between male and female, but the weight changes after birth were remarkablely different between sex(P<0.05). 2) The gestation length between heifers and cows was not different, and body weights at birth and 6 months were remarkabley heavy in cows(P<0.05). Weight changes after 6 months were not different. 3) The gestation length and the birth weight were significantly different between the single and twin calving (P<0.05). Weight of twin at 6 and 12 months were remarkabely light. 4) Calving seasons did not affect the gestation length the and the birth weight. Weaning weight was significantly heavy(P<0.05), but weight changes after weaning were no different among the calving seasons. Conclusivley, this results suggest that cows will be better when considering growth of calves and twin produced from embryo trnsfer in Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.869-874
• /
• 1998

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the optimum density of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) fed the formulated diet or macroalgae ( Undaria). Abalone with initial average shell length of 8.41 mm were stocked into three replicate tanks at four different densities of 1430, 2860, 4290, and 5720 individual/$m^2$ for 15 weeks. The formulated diet produced higher body weight and shell growth, soft body weight and survival rate than Undaria in abalone. Abalone fed the formulated diet have significantly (P<0,05) higher lipid and ash, and lower moisture and protein in soft body. Higher density resulted in lower growth and survival (P<0.05). Whereas shell growth, survival rate and weight gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different within the abalone stocked at stocking densities of 1430 and 2860 individual/$m^2$ in each diet group. Body composition of abalone was not affected by increasing density. These study indicate that the number of abalone (shell length ranges of between 8 mm and 17 mm) below 2860 individual/$m^2$ were predicted to effective density in the indoor tank culture system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.801-809
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to compare an experimental extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) on growth performance, whole-body and dorsal muscle composition, and textural properties of dorsal muscle for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four groups of 8,000 fish (initial mean weight $27.1{\pm}0.05g$) per concrete tank ($10{\times}10m$) were fed the experimental diets for 16 months. After the feeding trial, no significant differences were observed in final mean body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, survival, and condition factor between EP and MP groups. However, feed efficiency of fish fed the EP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the MP. Moisture content in the whole-body of fish fed the MP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the EP. Significantly higher contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in whole-body and dorsal muscle were observed in fish fed the EP compared with fish fed the MP. Any notable differences in amino acid contents or textural properties of the dorsal muscle were not observed in fish fed either the EP or the MP. The results of this study indicated that the EP could be developed to replace MP for the market size of production in olive flounder without the adverse effects on growth performance. Formulation of the EP could be used as a practical feed for olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.358-363
• /
• 2014

Herbs have active components that promote the growth rate of both animals and human. The KI-180 and KI-188 calcium food formulae contain Acanthopanacis cortex, Bombysis corpus and hoelen, seaweed calcium, chlorella extract, spirulina, colostrum powder, and other natural and functional components. We evaluated the growth-promoting effects of these formulae by analyzing the weight, femur and backbone, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) of growing rats. Growing rats administered with KI-180 and KI-188 calcium showed the increase of body weight, body length, and femur weight and length of growing rats. In addition, administration of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium increased the alkaline phosphatase activity, the levels of osteocalcin and the growth hormones IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 of growing rats. The impact of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium on the physical development of growing rats suggests that the incorporation of these food formulae in the diets of growing children may promote the physical development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1572-1576
• /
• 2003

A growth trial of 180 days was conducted on 18 crossbred calves (6-9 months, $73.48{\pm}6.52kg)$ by randomly allotting to two complete diets and a conventional diet (6 in each group). The complete diets were formulated containing 40 per cent cotton straw, one processed in mash form and other subjected to expander-extruder pelletization (EEP). These two complete diets were compared with conventional system of feeding under which concentrate mixture and cotton straw were fed separately in a 60:40 ratio. The calves on EEP complete diet consumed more (p<0.01) DM in comparison to other two groups. The DMI per 100 kg body weight was similar among all the diets. The ADG was significantly (p<0.01) higher in calves fed EEP complete diets (815.4 g) followed by mash (627.0 g) in comparison to conventional diet (464.9 g). The DM intake per kg metabolic body weight was higher (p<0.01) on complete diet than conventional diet. The intakes of DCP (p<0.05), TDN (p<0.01), and ME (p<0.01) per kg metabolic body weight were significantly higher on EEP complete diet in comparison to mash and conventional diet. The water intake per kg DM intake was comparable among all the diets. The efficiency of DM utilisation was higher p (<0.05) on EEP complete diet (5.84) in comparison to conventional diet (7.41), whereas on mash diet it was intermediate (6.68). The efficiency of DCP utilization was similar in mash and EEP complete diet fed groups, which was higher (p<0.05) than that of the conventional diet. Expander-extrusion though increased the cost of production it reduced the cost of feed per unit live weight gain by 12.28% in comparison to its mash form and by 16.76% when concentrate and cotton straw were fed separately. The results indicated that blending of cotton straw along with concentrates in a complete diet increased the palatability of the straw in comparison to conventional system and expander extruder processing of cotton straw based complete diet gave better growth performance and may form an economic ration for growing crossbred calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.556-562
• /
• 2007

A total of 126 crossbred weanling pigs (average body weight of $6.3{\pm}0.3$ kg) were used to investigate the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, pH of gastro-intestinal tract (GI), intestinal and fecal microflora of young piglets. Pigs were allocated to three dietary treatments based on body weight and gender in a single factorial arrangement. Treatments were control (No COS), T1 (0.2% COS during starter (6-13 kg) and 0.1% COS during grower (13-30 kg) phases, and T2 (0.4% COS during starter (6-13 kg) and 0.3% COS during grower (13-30 kg) phases, respectively. Each treatment had 3 replicates and 14 pigs were raised in each pen. COS is a low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan that can be obtained from chitin of the crab shell after deacetylation with concentrated sodium hydroxide at high temperature and then further decomposition by chitosanase enzyme in the presence of ascorbic acid. For the starter and grower periods, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio among treatments. However, during the overall period (6-30 kg), T2 showed better (p<0.05) feed to gain ratio than other treatments. A digestibility study was conducted at the end of grower phase which showed improvement (p<0.05) in DM and crude fat digestibility in T2 over the control. At 25 kg body weight, 6 pigs per treatment (2 per replicate) were sacrificed to determine the effect of diets on pH and microbial count at different sections of the GI tract. The pH of the cecal contents in pigs fed 0.1% COS was higher (p<0.05) than in the other treatments. Total anaerobic bacterial number increased from cecum to rectum in all treatments. The weekly total bacterial counts showed higher (p<0.05) in feces of pigs fed COS than that of untreated pigs at the $8^{th}$ week. The number of fecal E. coli in untreated pigs at $4^{th}$ wk was 7.35 log CFU/g compared to 6.71 and 6.54 log CFU/g in 0.1 and 0.3% COS-treated pigs, respectively. Similarly, at $8^{th}$ wk, fecal clostridium spp. were lower in pigs fed 0.3% COS (5.43 log CFU/g) than in untreated pigs (6.26 log CFU/g). In conclusion, these results indicated that chito-oligosaccharide could improve feed efficiency in young pigs and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.6
• /
• pp.812-823
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean rice wine residue (RWR) on the growth performance and blood profiles of Hanwoo steers in the fattening stage. In situ and in vivo experiments were conducted to analyze rumen fermentation characteristics and total tract digestibility, respectively. Three cannulated Hanwoo steers (mean body weight: 448 ± 30 kg) were used in both analyses. The growth performance of 27 experimental animals in the fattening stage (initial body weight: 353.58 ± 9.76 kg) was evaluated after 13 months of feeding. The animals were divided into three treatment groups (n = 9/group). The treatments comprised total mixed ration (TMR) only (CON), TMR + 10% RWR (10% RWR), and TMR + 15% RWR (15% RWR). The diets of equal proportions were fed daily at 08:00 and 18:00 h based on 2% of the body weight. The animals had free access to water and trace mineral salts throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 15% RWR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the rumen fluid pH compared with the control treatment, but there was no significant difference in the total volatile fatty acid concentration. It also significantly increased (p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility compared with the other treatments. The total weight gain and average daily gain of the animals in the RWR-supplemented groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. Furthermore, the feed intake and feed efficiency of the RWR-supplemented groups were higher than those of the control group. Supplementation of RWR did not affect the alcohol, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activities in the blood; these parameters were within the normal range. The high-density lipoprotein and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in the 15% RWR group, whereas the blood urea nitrogen concentration was significantly higher in the 10% RWR group than in the other groups. These results suggest that TMR with 15% RWR can serve as an alternate feed resource for ruminants.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.130-132
• /
• 2005

Genomics research has two ultimate applied goals: to Isolate and clone genes of economic importance for bio-technology and gene-assisted selection (GAS), and to locate and use markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in selective breeding programs. To this end, we have identified linked markers for feed conversion efficiency growth rate, and disease resistance to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Three microsatellite markers Ip266, Ip384, and Ip607 were identified to be linked to feed conversion efficiency. Similarly one marker each was identified to be linked to growth rate (Ip607) and disease resistance to ESC (Ip477). Ip607 marker linked to both growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, indicating that the QTL for both growth rate and feed conversion efficiency may either be the same or located in the same chromosomal region in the catfish genome. On phenotypic evaluation, certain traits such as growth rate can be accurately evaluated by body weight evaluation while other traits such as disease resistance can be quite complex. The linked DNA markers will be highly useful for MAS programs and for directing further efforts of genomic mapping for important quantitative traits.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 2023

Feed processing methods can substantially enhance the nutrient value of feed. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of mash or crumble feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs. In total, 50 ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs with initial body weight of 46.24 ± 3.57 kg were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups. The two dietary treatments were: 1) mash and 2) crumble feed forms for 14 weeks of trials. Five replication pens per treatment, comprised five pigs (2 males and 3 females) each. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality were observed at different weeks. There were no significant differences in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, back-fat thickness, and carcass quality throughout the experimental trial. Further study is required to understand the effects of mash and crumble feed on growing-finishing pigs.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.363-366
• /
• 2014

This study was focused on finding a relationship between fruit-body growth and relative humidity in Neolentinus lepideus cultivation. The higher the relative humidity, the moisture content of pileus and stipe were also tends to be increased. The day of formation of primordia and development of fruit body was shortest at the relative humidity 95%. The yield and commercial yield were higher in the relative humidity 95% than in the other treatment. Individual weight of fruit body was the highest at the relative humidity 75% and 85%. Crack indices of pileus was the strongest at the relative humidity 65%.